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The Jerusalem Talmud

נדה ב׳Niddah 2

Perek 2 of 4 in Niddah — 7 halakhot

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Halakhah 1א׳

Mishnah

משנה: כָּל הַיָּד הַמַּרְבָּה לִבְדּוֹק בַּנָּשִׁים מְשׁוּבַּחַת וּבָאֲנָשִׁים תִּיקָּצֵץ. הַחֵרֶשֶׁת וְהַשּׁוֹטָה וְהַסּוֹמָה וְשֶׁנִּטְרְפָה דַּעְתָּהּ אִם יֵשׁ לָהֶן פִּיקְחוֹת מַתְקִינוֹת אוֹתָן וְאוֹכְלוֹת בַּתְּרוּמָה. דֶּרֶךְ בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל מְשַׁמְּשׁוֹת בְּעִדִּים אֶחָד לוֹ וְאֶחָד לָהּ וְהַצְּנוּעוֹת מַתְקִינוֹת לָהֶן שְׁלִישִׁית אֶחָד לְהַתְקִין אֶת הַבַּיִת.

MISHNAH: Every hand which checks frequently is praiseworthy for women but should be cut off for men. If an insane woman, or a blind, or a mentally disturbed have sane women friends, they can put them in order so they can eat heave. It is the way of Jewish women to have intercourse with cloths, one for him and one for her, and the religious ones prepare a third to put their house in order.

Halakhah

הלכה: כָּל הַיָּד הַמַּרְבָּה לִבְדּוֹק בַּנָּשִׁים מְשׁוּבַּחַת כול׳. כֵּינִי מַתְנִיתָא. כָּל הַמַּרְבֶּה לִיתֵּן יָדוֹ עַל עֵינוֹ מַרְבֶּה לְהוֹצִיא דִמְעָה. רִבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר. תִּיקָצֵץ עַל טִיבּוּרוֹ. אָמְרוּ לוֹ. וַהֲרֵי כְרֵיסוֹ נִבְקַעַת. אָמַר לָהֶן. לָכָךְ אֲנִי אָמַרְתִּי. שֶׁמּוֹתוֹ שֶׁלָּזֶה יָפִין לוֹ מֵחַיָיו. חֲבֵרַיָיא אָמְרִין. רִבִּי טַרְפוֹן מְקַלְּלוֹ קְלָלָה שֶׁהִיא נוֹגַעַת בְּגוּפוֹ. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. לֹא בָא אֶלָּא לְפָרֵשׁ שֶׁאָסוּר לְמַשְׁמֵשׁ מִן הַטִּיבּוּר וּלְמַטָּן. הָדָא דְתֵימַר לְעִנְיָין שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע. אֲבָל לְעִנְיָין זִיבָה כָּל הַמַּרְבָּה לִבְדּוֹק מֵחֲבֵירוֹ מְשׁוּבָּח מֵחֲבֵירוֹ.

HALAKHAH: “Every hand which checks frequently is praiseworthy for women,” etc. So is the baraita: “Any one who frequently puts his hand on his eye will frequently have tears. Rebbi Ṭarphon says, it should be cut off on his navel. One said to him, does that not split open his belly? He said to them, that is what I said, for such a person’s death is better than his life.” The colleagues say, Rebbi Ṭarphon curses him in his body. Rebbi Yose said, he only explains that it is forbidden to manipulate lower than the navel. “That is, in the matter of semen. But in a case of gonorrhea, every hand which checks more frequently than another is more praiseworthy than the other.”

צְנוּעוֹת הָיוּ בוֹדְקוֹת עַל כָּל חָבִית וְחָבִית וְעַל כָּל כִּכָּר וְכִכָּר. מַעֲשֶׂה בְּטַבִּיתָה שִׁפְחָתוֹ שֶׁלְּרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל שֶׁהָיְתָה מַכְתֶּפֶת יֵינוֹת לִנְסָכִין וְהָיְתָה בוֹדֶקֶת עַל כָּל חָבִית וְחָבִית. אָמְרָה לוֹ. רִבִּי. רָאִיתִי כֶתֶם. וְנִזְדַּעְזֵעַ רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל. אָמְרָה לוֹ. בּוֹדֶקֶת הָיִיתִי עַל כָּל חָבִית וְחָבִית וְלֹא נִטְמֵיתִי אֶלָּא עַל חָבִית זוֹ בִּלְבַד.

The religious women were checking themselves out for every amphora and every loaf. It happened that Tabitha, the slave girl of Rabban Gamliel, was carrying wine for libations and checked herself for every amphora. She said to him, my master, I detected a stain. Rabban Gamliel started. She said to him, I was checking myself for every amphora and was impure only for that amphora.

אָמְרוּן בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יַנַּאי. אֵין כָּן סוֹמָה. וְקָמַת. אָמְרוּן בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּרִבִּי חֲנִינָה. אֵין כָּן סוֹמָה. וְקָמַת. רִבִּי אִילָא רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן חֲנִינָה בְּשֵׁם דְּבֵית רִבִּי יַנַּאי. אֵין כָּן סוֹמָה.

They said in Rabbi Yannai’s name: There is no blind woman. Does this hold up? They said in Rabbi Yose ben Rebbi Ḥanina’s name: There is no blind woman. Does this hold up? Rebbi Ila, Rabbi Yose ben Ḥanina, in the name of the House of Rebbi Yannai: There is no blind woman.

אָמַר רִבִּי יַנַּאי. אַף הָרִאשׁוֹנָה נִקְרֵאת צְנוּעָה. תַּנִּינָן צְרִיכוֹת בּוֹדְקוֹת. וְאַתְ אָמַר הָכֵין. אָמַר רִבִּי אִילָא. לְהוֹדִיעָךְ שֶׁכָּל מִי שֶׁהוּא מְקַיֵים דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים נִקְרָא צָנוּעַ.

Rebbi Yannai said, the first one also is called religious. We have stated “they have to check themselves”, and you say so? Rebbi Ila said, to tell you that everybody who keeps the directives of the rabbis is called religious.

רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בְשֵׁם רַב. בָּדְקָה בְיָד שֶׁאֵינָהּ בְּדוּקָה אוֹ שֶׁהִטִּיחַ גּוּפָהּ לְבֵית תּוֹרְפָהּ חֶזְקַת הַגּוּף כְּבָדוּק הוּא. אָמַר רִבִּי זְעִירָא. מַתְנִיתָא אָמְרָה כֵן. נִמְצָא עַל שֶׁלּוֹ טְמֵאִין וְחַיָיבִין בְּקָרְבָּן. לֹא שֶׁכָּל הַגּוּף בְּחֶזְקַת בָּדוּק. אָמַר רִבִּי חֲנִינָה. תִּיפְתָּר שֶׁבָּדַק. וְאִיקְפַּד רִבִּי זְעִירָא. אָמַר. וְדַרְכוֹ לְכֵן. רִבִּי זְעִירָה בְשֵׁם רַב יִרְמְיָה. עַד כִּגְרִיס הִיא תוֹלָה. יוֹתֵר מִיכֵּן צְרִיכָה מַתְלָא. אָמְרִין. חָזַר בֵּיהּ רַב יִרְמְיָה. אָמְרִין. כַּד שָׁמַע מִילֵּיהוֹן דְּרַבָּנִן חָזַר בֵּיהּ. רִבִּי מְשַׁבֵּחַ לְרִבִּי חָמָא אָבוֹי דְרִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בֵּירִבִּי יוֹסֵי. רִבִּי חָמָא אָבוֹי דְרִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה בְּעָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בֵּירִבִּי יוֹסֵי. בָּדְקָה בְיָד שֶׁאֵינָהּ בְּדוּקָה אוֹ שֶׁהִטִּיחַ גּוּפָהּ לְבֵית תּוֹרְפָהּ. אָמַר לֵיהּ. כְּדִבְרֵי מִי אַתְּ שׁוֹאֲלֵינִי. כְּדִבְרִי הָרַב כְּדִבְרֵי הַתַּלְמִיד. אָמַר לֵיהּ. אַבָּא אָמַר כֶּתֶם. וְרִבִּי אוֹמֵר רְאִיָיה. אָמַר לֵיהּ. דֵּין הוּא דְּאַתְּ מְשַׁבַּח בֵּיהּ. אָמַר רִבִּי זְעִירָה. הַנֵּי לְבַר נַשׁ מִישְׁמוֹעַ טַעֲמֵיהּ דְּרַבֵּיהּ.

Rebbi Jeremiah in the name of Rav: If she checked herself with an unchecked hand or if she hit hard with her body on her genitals, the presumption is that her body was checked. Rebbi Ze‘ira said, the Mishnah says so: “If it was found on his [cloth], they are impure and obligated for a sacrifice.” Does that not mean that there is a presumption that the body was checked? Rebbi Ḥanina said, explain it if he had checked himself. Rebbi Ze‘ira was offended. Do people do that? Rebbi Ze‘ira in the name of Rav Jeremiah: Up to a broken bean she hangs it, more than that its needs an explanation. They said, Rav Jeremiah retracted this. They said, he retracted it when he was informed of the words of the rabbis. Rebbi praised Rebbi Ḥama, the father of Rebbi Hoshaiah, before Rebbi Ismael ben Rebbi Yose. Rebbi Ḥama, the father of Rebbi Hoshaiah, asked before Rebbi Ismael ben Rebbi Yose: If she checked herself with an unchecked hand or if she hit hard with her body on her genitals? He said to him, according to him are you asking me? Following the teacher or following the student? My father said, a stain. But Rebbi said, an episode of bleeding. He said to him: That is the one of whom you are proud? Rebbi Ze‘ira said, it profits a man to learn his own teacher’s reasons.

בָּדְקָה וְהִנִּיחָתוֹ בְּקֻפְצָה שֶׁל זְכוּכִית. רִבִּי חִיָיה אוֹמֵר. כֶּתֶם. וְרִבִּי אוֹמֵר. רְאִיָיה. הָתִיב רִבִּי חִיָיה לְרִבִּי. וֲאַתְּ אֵין אַתְּ נוֹתֵן לָהּ מִיתְלָא. אָמַר רִבִּי בּוּן בַּר חִיָיה. טַעֲמָא דְרִבִּי. דֶּרֶךְ קֻפְצִיּוֹת בְּדוּקוֹת מִן הַשְּׁרָצִין וְאֵינָן בְּדוּקוֹת מִן הַמַּאֲכוֹלֶת. עַד כִּגְרִיס הִיא תוֹלָה. יוֹתֵר מִיכֵּן בְּמַה יֵשׁ לִתְלוֹת בָּהּ.

If she checked and deposited it in a glass box, Rebbi Ḥiyya said, a stain; Rebbi said, an episode of bleeding. Rebbi Ḥiyya objected to Rebbi: Do you not give her the possibility of an explanation? Rebbi Abun bar Ḥiyya said, Rebbi’s reason is that a box is safe from crawling things, it is not safe from lice. Up to the size of a broken bean she explains it; if it is larger, by what can it be explained?

Halakhah 2ב׳

Mishnah

משנה: נִמְצָא עַל שֶׁלּוֹ טְמֵאִין וְחַיָיבִין בְּקָרְבָּן. נִמְצָא עַל שֶׁלָּהּ אֶוְותֵיאוֹס טְמֵאִין וְחַיָיבִין בְּקָרְבָּן. נִמְצָא עַל שֶׁלָּהּ לְאַחַר זְמָן טְמֵאִין בְּסָפֵק וּפְטוּרִין מִן הַקָּרְבָּן.

MISHNAH: If [a stain] is found on his [cloth], they are impure and obligated for a sacrifice. If it is found on hers immediately, they are impure and obligated for a sacrifice. If it is found on hers later, they are possibly impure but free from the duty of a sacrifice.

Halakhah

הלכה: נִמְצָא עַל שֶׁלּוֹ טְמֵאִין כול׳. וְתַנֵּי עַלָּהּ. בֵּין הֵיוְתֵיאוֹס בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא הֵיוְתֵיוֹס נִמְצָא עַל שֶׁלּוֹ.

HALAKHAH: “If [a stain] is found on his [cloth],” etc. It was stated in this regard: If it is found on his, whether immediately or not immediately.

הֶיוְתֵיאוֹס טְמֵאִין. הֶיוְתֵיאוֹס לְקִיּנוּחַ אָמְרוּ וְאֵין הֶיוְתֵיאוֹס לִבְדִיקָה. רַב הוּנָא אָמַר. כְּדֵי שֶתְּקַנֵּחַ פִּי הַבַּיִת מִבַּחוּץ אֲבָל לֹא מַה שֶׁבַּחֲדָרִין וְלֹא מַה שֶׁבַּסְּדָקִין. בְּעוֹן קוֹמֵי רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יַעֲקֹב. מַהוּ שֶׁתְּהֵא צְרִיכָה בְדִיקָה בְּתוֹךְ כְּדֵי הֶיותֵיאוֹס. אָמַר רִבִּי בָּא. אִם אוֹמֵר אַתְּ שֶׁתְּהֵא צְרִיכָה בְדִיקָה בְּתוֹךְ כְּדֵי הֶיוְתֵיאוֹס בָּטֵל הֶיוְתֵיאוֹס. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵירִבִּי בּוּן. אִם אוֹמֵר אַתְּ שֶׁתְּהֵא צְרִיכָה בְדִיקָה בְּתוֹךְ כְּדֵי הֶיוְתֵיאוֹס וְלֹא כִפְקִידָה הִיא לְמָעֵט מֵעֵת לְעֵת. וְתַנִּינָן. הַפְּקִידָה הִיא מְמָעֵט מֵעֵת לְעֵת. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵירִבִּי בּוּן. מָשָׁל לְשַׁמָּשׁ וְעֵד שֶׁהָיוּ עוֹמְדִין אַחַר הַשְּׁקוֹף. יָצָא הַשַּׁמָּשׁ וְנִכְנַס הָעֵד זֶה הֶיוְתֵיאוֹס.

“Immediately, they are impure.” They said immediately for wiping, not for examination. Rav Huna said, that she should wipe the face of the house from the outside, but not what is in the rooms nor in the crevices. They asked before Rav Naḥman bar Jacob: Should she not examine it immediately? Rebbi Abba said, if you say that she should examine it immediately, you abolish immediacy. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, if you say that she should examine it immediately, is that not checking, to be reduced from 24 hours, as we have stated: Checking reduces from 24 hours? Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, as an example, if the beadle and a witness were standing at the lintel. When the beadle comes out and the witness enters, that is “immediately”.

וּפְטוּרִין מִן הַקָּרְבָּן. וּפְטוּרִין מִן הַחַטָּאת וְחַיָיבִין בְּאָשָׁם תָלוּי.

“They are free from the duty of a sacrifice.” They are free from a purification sacrifice but are obligated for an expiation sacrifice.

…and 3 more halakhot in this perek.

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The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY

English: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY