The Jerusalem Talmud
ברכות ז׳Berakhot 7
Perek 7 of 9 in Berakhot — 5 halakhot
Halakhah 1א׳
Mishnah
משנה: שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁאָכְלוּ כְּאַחַת חַיָיבִין לְזַמֵּן. אָכַל דְּמַאי וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁנִּיטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁנִּיפְדּוּ וְהַשַּׁמָּשׁ שֶׁאָכַל כְּזַיִת וְהַכּוּתִי מְזַמְּנִין עֲלֵיהֶן. אֲבָל אִם אָכַל טֵבֵל וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁלֹּא נִיטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁלֹּא נִיפְדּוּ וְהַשַּׁמָּשׁ שֶׁאָכַל פָּחוֹת מִכְּזַיִת וְהַנָּכְרִי אֵין מְזַמְּנִין עֲלֵיהֶן.
MISHNAH: Three persons who ate together are required to “invite”. If one ate demai, or first tithe of which the heave was taken, or second tithe or dedicated foods that were redeemed, or the waiter who ate the volume of an olive, or a Samaritan, these can be invited. But if one ate untithed produce, or first tithe of which the heave was not taken, or the second tithe or dedicated foods that were not redeemed, or the waiter who ate less than the volume of an olive, or a Gentile, these cannot be invited.
Halakhah
הלכה: הָכָא אִיתְמַר אֵין רְשָׁאִין לְחַלֵּק. וָכָה אִיתְמַר חַיַָיבִין לְזַמֵּן. שְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר כַּאן בִּתְחִילָּה כַּאן בְּסוֹף. אֵי זֶהוּ בִּתְחִילָּה וְאֵי זֶהוּ בְּסוֹף. תְּרֵין אֲמוֹרָיִן חַד אָמַר נָתְנוּ דַּעַת לֶאֱכוֹל זֶהוּ בִּתְחִילָּה. אָכְלוּ כְזַיִת זֶהוּ בְּסוֹף. וְחָרָנָה אָמַר אָכְלוּ כְזַיִת זֶהוּ בִּתְחִילָּה. גָּמְרוּ אֲכִילָתָן זֶהוּ בְּסוֹף.
HALAKHAH: Here it has been said “they are not allowed to split” and here it has been said “they are required to ‘invite’”. Samuel said, one is at the start and one is at the end. What means “beginning” and what means “end”? Two Amoraïm; one said if they decided to eat together that is the start, when they ate the volume of an olive that is the end. But the other one said, if they ate the volume of an olive that is the start, when they finished their meal that is the end.
רִבִּי אַבָּא בְּשֵׁם רַב חוּנָא רִבִּי זְעִירָא בְּשֵׁם אַבָּא בַּר יִרְמְיָה שְׁלֹשָׁה חוֹבָה שְׁנַיִם רְשׁוּת. אָמְרָהּ רִבִּי זְעִירָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יָסָא. אָמַר לֵיהּ אֲנִי אֵין לִי אֶלָּא מִשְׁנָה שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁאָכְלוּ כְּאַחַת חַיָיבִין לְזַמֵּן. רַבָּנָן דְּהָכָא כְּדַעְתּוֹן. וְרַבָּנָן דְּהָתָם כְּדַעְתּוֹן. שְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר שְׁנַיִם שֶׁדָּנוּ דִּינָן דִּין אֶלָּא שֶׁהוּא נִקְרָא בֵּית דִּין חָצוּף. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן וְרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ תְּרַוֵּיהוֹן אָמְרִין אֲפִילוּ שְׁנַיִם שֶׁדָּנוּ אֵין דִּינָן דִּין.
Rebbi Abba in the name of Rav Huna, Rebbi Zeïra in the name of Abba bar Jeremiah: Three are required, two have permission. Rebbi Zeïra said this before Rebbi Yasa. He said to him: I have only the Mishnah, three who ate together are required to “invite”. The rabbis of here stick by their opinion, the rabbis of there stick by their opinion. Samuel said, two who judged, their judgment is valid but they are called an insolent court. Rebbi Yoḥanan and Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish both say, two who judged, their judgment is invalid.
רַב חוּנָא אָמַר שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁאָכְלוּ זֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְזֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְזֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְנִתְעָרְבוּ מְזַמְּנִין. רַב חִסְדָּא אָמַר וְהֵן שֶׁבָּאוּ מִשָּׁלֹשׁ חֲבוּרוֹת. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי זֵירָא וַחֲבוּרָתֵיהּ וְהֵן שֶׁאָכְלוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה כְּאַחַת. רִבִּי יוֹנָה עַל הֲדָא דְּרַב חוּנָא הִטְבִּיל שְׁלֹשָׁה אֵיזוֹבוֹת זֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְזֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְזֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְנִתְעָרְבוּ מַזֶּה בָהֶן. רַב חִסְדָּא אָמַר וְהֵן שֶׁבָּאוּ מִשָּׁלֹשׁ חֲבִילוֹת. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי זְעִירָא וַחֲבוּרָתֵהּ וְהוּא שֶׁהִטְבִּיל שְׁלָשְׁתָּן כְּאַחַת. אִין תֵּימַר אֵין לְמֵידִין אֵזוֹב מִבְּרָכָה. וַאֲנָן חֲזִינָן רַבָּנָן קַיָימִין בְּסוּכָּה וְיַלְפִין מִטִּיט הַנָּרוּק. כְּיַי דְתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן הִרְחִיק אֶת הַסִּיכּוּךְ מִן הַדְּפָנוֹת שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים פְּסוּלָה. הָא פָּחוֹת מִיכַּן כְּשֵׁירָה. מַהוּ לִישָׁן תַּחְתָּיו. הָתִיב רִבִּי יִצְחָק בֶּן אֶלְיָשִׁיב הֲרֵי טִיט הַנָּרוּק מַשְׁלִים בְּמִקְוֶה וְאֵין מַטְבִּילִין בּוֹ. אַף הָכָא מַשְׁלִים בְּסוּכָּה וְאֵין יְשֵׁינִין תַּחְתָּיו.
Rav Huna said, three who ate each one by himself and then came together do “invite”. Rav Ḥisda said, only if they came from three groups. According to the opinion of Rebbi Zeïra and his group, only if all three ate together. Rebbi Jonah on that of Rav Huna: If he dipped three stalks of hyssop each one by himself and then took them together, he may sprinkle with it. Rav Ḥisda said, only if they came from three bundles. According to the opinion of Rebbi Zeïra and his group, only if all three were dipped together. If you want to say that we do not infer rules of hyssop from rules of benedictions, do we not see the rabbis deal with sukkah and learn from pourable mud?. As we have stated ( Mishnah Sukkah 1:10): “If the roofing was three hand-breadths away from the walls it is invalid.” Hence less than that is acceptable. May one sleep under that? Rebbi Isaac ben Elyashib answered, pourable mud completes a miqweh but one may not immerse in it, here also it completes the sukkah but one may not sleep under it.
שְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁאָכְלוּ כְּאַחַת וּבִיקֵּשׁ אֶחָד מֵהֶן לֵילֵךְ לוֹ דְּבֵית רַב אָמַרֵי יְבָרֵךְ בְּרָכָה רִאשׁוֹנָה וְיֵלֶךְ לוֹ. אֵי זוּ הִיא בְּרָכָה רִאשׁוֹנָה. דְּבֵית רַב אָמְרֵי זוּ בִּרְכַּת הַזִּימּוּן. רִבִּי זְעִירָא בְשֵׁם רַב יִרְמְיָה זוּ הַזָּן אֶת הַכֹּל. רִבִּי חֶלְבּוֹ [רַב] חָנָן בְּשֵׁם רַב זוּ הַזָּן אֶת הַכֹּל. הָתִיב רַב שֵׁשֶׁת וְהָא מַתְנִיתָא פְלִיגָא שְׁנַיִם שְׁלֹשָׁה חַיָיבִין בְּבִרְכַת הַזִּימּוּן. הָא אַרְבָּעָה לֹא. אִין תֵּימַר בִּרְכַּת זִימוּן רִאשׁוֹנָה נִיתְנֵי אַרְבָּעָה. אַשְׁכְּחָן תַּנִּי אַרְבָּעָה. אִין תֵּימַר זוּ הַזָּן אֶת הַכֹּל קַשְׁיָא. אִין תֵּימַר זוּ הַטּוֹב וְהַמֵּטִיב. לֵית אַתְּ יָכִיל. שַׁנְיָיא הִיא דְּאָמַר רַב חוּנָא מִשֶּׁנִּיתְּנוּ הֲרוּגֵי בֵיתָר לִקְבוּרָה נִקְבְּעָה הַטּוֹב וְהַמֵּטִיב. הַטּוֹב שֶׁלֹּא נִסְרְחוּ וְהַמֵּטִיב שֶׁנִּיתְּנוּ לִקְבוּרָה. אָמַר רַב חוּנָה תִּיפְתָּר כְּרִבִּי יִשְׁמָעְאֵל דְּרִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אָמַר הַטּוֹב וְהַמֵּטִיב דְּבַר תּוֹרָה דִּכְתִיב וְאָכַלְתָּ וְשָׂבָעְתָּ וּבֵרַכְתָּ זוּ בִּרְכַּת הַזִּימּוּן. אֶת יי אֱלֹהֶיךָ זוּ הַזָּן אֶת הַכֹּל. עַל הָאָרֶץ זוּ בִּרְכַּת הָאָרֶץ. הַטּוֹבָה זוּ בִּרְכַּת בּוֹנֵה יְרוּשָׁלַםִ. וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר הָהָר הַטּוֹב הַזֶּה וְהַלְּבָנוֹן. אֲשֶׁר נָתַן לָךְ זֶה הַטּוֹב וְהַמֵּטִיב.
Three who ate together and one wants to leave, Rav said he should recite the first benediction, then he may leave. What is the first benediction? In the Yeshivah of Rav they said, the benediction of invitation. Rebbi Zeïra in the name of Rav Jeremiah: that is “He Who feeds all.” Rebbi Ḥelbo, Rav Ḥanan in the name of Rav: that is “He Who feeds all.” Rav Sheshet objected, but a baraita disagrees: “Two, three are obliged to recite Grace.” If you want to say the benediction of invitation is the first one, one should state “four.” They found stated “four.” If you want to say this is “He Who feeds all”, it is difficult. If you want to say that it is “He Who is good and does good”, you cannot do that, there is a difference because Rav Huna said that “He Who is good and does good” was fixed after permission was received to bury the slain of Betar, “He Who is good” because the dead did not decompose and “He Who does good” that they could be buried. Rav Huna said, you may explain it following Rebbi Ismael since Rebbi Ismael said, “He Who is good and does good” is an obligation from the Torah as it is written ( Deut. 8:10): You will eat and be satiated, then you must praise, that is the benediction of invitation; t he Eternal, your God, that is “He Who feeds all”; for the Land, that is the benediction over the Land; the good one, that is the benediction “builder of Jerusalem” [and so it says ( Deut. 3:25) “this good mountain and the Lebanon”]; that He gave you, that is “He Who is good and does good”.
כָּתוּב בַּתּוֹרָה בְּרָכָה לְפָנֶיהָ וְאֵין כָּתוּב בַּתּוֹרָה בְּרָכָה לְאַחֲרֶיהָ. מַה כָּתוּב בָּהּ לְפָנֶיהָ כִּי שֵׁם יי אֶקְרָא הָבוּ גּוֹדֶל לֶאלֹהֵינוּ. כְּתִיב בְּמָזוֹן בְּרָכָה לְאַחֲרֶיהָ וְאֵין כָּתוּב לְפָנָיו. מַה כְּתִיב לְאַחֲרָיו וְאָכַלְתָּ וְשָׂבָעְתָּ וּבֵרַכְתָּ. וּמְנַיִין לִיתֵּן אֶת הָאָמוּר בְּזֶה בְזֶה וְאֶת הָאָמוּר בְּזֶה בְזֶה. רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָנִי בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹנָתָן אַתְיָא שֵׁם שֵׁם לִגְזֵרָה שָׁוָה. מַה שֵׁם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בַּתּוֹרָה בְּרָכָה לְפָנָיו אַף שֵׁם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּמָזוֹן בְּרָכָה לְפָנָיו. וּמַה שֵׁם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּמָזוֹן בְּרָכָה לְאַחֲרָיו. אַף שֵׁם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בַּתּוֹרָה לְאַחֲרֶיהָ. עַד כְּדוֹן כְּרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה כְּרִבִּי יִשְׁמָעְאֵל. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעְאֵל קַל וָחוֹמֶר. מַה אִם מָזוֹן שֶׁאֵין טָעוּן בְּרָכָה לְפָנָיו טָעוּן בְּרָכָה לְאַחֲרָיו תּוֹרָה שֶׁהִיא טְעוּנָה בְּרָכָה לְפָנֶיהָ. אֵינוֹ דִין שֶׁתְּהֵא טְעוּנָה בְרָכָה לְאַחֲרֶיהָ. עַד כְּדוֹן תּוֹרָה. מָזוֹן מַה. אִם תּוֹרָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ טְעוּנָה בְרָכָה לְאַחֲרֶיהָ טָעוּנָה בְּרָכָה לְפָנֶיהָ. מָזוֹן שֶׁטָּעוּן בְּרָכָה לְאַחֲרָיו. אֵינוֹ דִין שֶׁטָּעוּן בְרָכָה לְפָנָיו. רִבִּי יִצְחָק וְרִבִּי נָתָן. [רִבִּי יִצְחָק] אָמַר כִּי הוּא יְבָרֵךְ הַזֶּבַח וְאַחַר כָּךְ יֹאכְלוּ הַקְּרוּאִים. רִבִּי נָתָן אוֹמֵר וַעֲבַדְתֶּם אֶת יי אֱלֹהֵיכֶם וּבֵרַךְ אֶת לַחְמְךָ וְאֶת מֵימֶיךָ. אֵימָתַי הוּא קָרוּי לַחְמְךָ וְאֶת מֵימֶיךָ. עַד שֶׁלֹּא אָכַלְתָּ. רִבִּי אוֹמֵר מַה אִם בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָכַל וְשָׂבֵעַ צָרִיךְ לְבָרֵךְ בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא תָאֵב לֶאֱכוֹל לֹא כָּל שְׁכֵּן. עַד כְּדוֹן מָזוֹן. תּוֹרָה מַה. אִם מָזוֹן שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֵלָּא חַיֵּי שָׁעָה טָעוּן בְּרָכָה לְפָנָיו וּלְאַחֲרָיו. תּוֹרָה שֶׁהִיא חַיֵּי עַד לֹא כָּל שֶׁכֵּן.
For Torah there is written a benediction before, but no benediction is written after. What is written before it? ( Deut. 32:3) “For I am invoking the name of the Eternal, attribute greatness to our God.” For food there is written a benediction after, but no benediction is written before. What is written after it? ( Deut. 8:10): “You will eat and be satiated, then you must praise”. From where that which is said about one on the other and vice-versa? Rebbi Samuel bar Naḥmani in the name of Rebbi Jonathan: The Name is mentioned in both verses as parallel expressions. Just as the Name that is mentioned concerning Torah implies a benediction before, so the Name that is mentioned concerning food implies a benediction before. And just as the Name that is mentioned concerning food implies a benediction after, so the Name that is mentioned concerning Torah implies a benediction after. That follows Rebbi Aqiba. What following Rebbi Ismael? Rebbi Yoḥanan in the name of Rebbi Ismael, an inference from the lesser to the greater. If food that needs no explicit benediction before, needs a benediction afterwards, regarding Torah that needs a benediction before, it is only logical that it should need a benediction afterwards. That works for Torah; what about food? If Torah that needs no benediction afterwards, needs a benediction before, regarding food that needs a benediction afterwards, it is only logical that it should need a benediction before. Rebbi Isaac and Rebbi Nathan say, ( 1Sam. 9:13): “For he will recite the benediction over the sacrifice and after that the invited guests will eat.” Rebbi Nathan said, ( Ex. 23:24) “you shall serve the Eternal, your God and give praise for your bread and your water”; when is it called your bread and your water, before you eat. Rebbi said, if he has to give praise when he ate and is satiated, somuch more at a time when he is hungry for food. That is for food, what about Torah? If food, which sustains only temporary life, needs a benediction before and after, Torah, which sustains eternal life, so much more.
רִבִּי זְעוּרָא בְּעִי אִילֵּין שְׁלֹשָׁה קְרוּיוֹת מַה אַתְּ עֲבִיד לוֹן. כִּשְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁאָכְלוּ כְּאַחַת. אוֹ כִשְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁאָכְלוּ זֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְזֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְזֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. אִין תַּעַבְדִּינוּן כִּשְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁאָכְלוּ כְּאַחַת. הָרִאשׁוֹן מְבָרֵךְ בְּרָכָה רִאשׁוֹנָה. וְהָאַחֲרוֹן בְּרָכָה אַחֲרוֹנָה. וְהָאֶמְצָעִי אֵינוֹ מְבָרֵךְ כָּל עִיקָּר. אִין תַּעַבְדִּינוּן כִּשְׁלֹשָׁה שֶׁאָכְלוּ זֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְזֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְזֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ. אֲפִילוּ הָאֶמְצָעִי מְבָרֵךְ לְפָנָיו וּלְאַחֲרָיו. אָמַר רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר אֶבְדַּימִא לֹא לָמְדוּ בִּרְכַּת הַתּוֹרָה מִבִּרְכַּת [הַמָּזוֹן] אֶלָּא לְרַבִּים. וְאִם לְרַבִּים אֲפִילוּ בֵינוֹ לְבֵין עַצְמוֹ לֹא יְבָרֵךְ. אָמַר רִבִּי אַבָּ מָרִי אַחֲוֵי דְּרִבִּי יוֹסֵי עֲשָׂאוּהָ כִּשְׁאָר כָּל מִצְוֹתֶיהָ שֶׁל תּוֹרָה. מַה שְׁאָר כָּל הַמִּצְוֹת טְעוּנוֹת בְּרָכָה. אַף זוּ טְעוּנָה בְרָכָה.
Rebbi Zeïra asked: These three that are called, how are you treating them? As three who ate together or as three who ate each one for himself? If you treat them as three who ate together then the first one recites the benediction before, the last one recites the benediction after, and the middle one does not recite any benediction at all. If you treat them as three who ate each one for himself then even the middle one recites benedictions before and after. Rebbi Samuel ben Eudaimon said, they did learn the benedictions for the Torah from Grace only in public. If in public, then in private one should not recite any benediction! Rebbi Abba Mari, the brother of Rebbi Yose, said: They made it equal to other commandments of the Torah. Just as other commandments of the Torah need benedictions, this also needs a benediction.
אָכַל דְּמַאי. הֲדָא אָמְרָה אָכַל פֵּירוֹת סָפֵק נִיתַקְּנוּ סָפֵק לֹא נִיתַקְּנוּ מְזַמְּנִין. אָמַר רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אַחֲוֵי דְּרִבִּי בְּרֶכְיָה. בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁגָּזְרוּ עַל הַדְּמַאי רוֹב עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ הָיוּ מַכְנִיסִין לְבָתֵּיהֶן. וַיי דָא אָמְרָה דָא כּוּתִי מְזַמְּנִין עָלָיו. וְאָהֵן כּוּתִי לָאו סָפֵק הוּא. אָמַר רִבִּי אַבָּא תִּיפְתָּר כְּמַן דָּמַר כּוּתִי כְגוֹי דִּבְרֵי רִבִּי. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר כּוּתִי כְיִשְׂרָאֵל לְכָל דָּבָר.
“If one ate demay.” This means that, if one ate produce which perhaps was tithed and perhaps was not tithed, one invites him. Rebbi Simeon, the brother of Rebbi Berekhiah: At the time when they were instituting demai, most of the unlearned brought the harvest into their houses. Which one says that? “One invites the Samaritan.” And is that Samaritan not doubtful? Rebbi Abba said, explain it following what is said: A Samaritan is like a Gentile, the words of Rebbi. Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel says, a Samaritan is like a Jew in all respects.
Halakhah 2ב׳
Mishnah
משנה: נָשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים וּקְטַנִּים אֵין מְזַמְּנִין עֲלֵיהֶן. עַד כַּמָּה מְזַמְּנִין עַד כְּזַיִת. רִבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר עַד כְּבֵיצָה.
MISHNAH: One does not ‘invite’ women, slaves, and minors. What is the minimum to ‘invite’? Down to the size of an olive, Rebbi Yehudah says to the size of an egg.
Halakhah
הלכה: רִבִּי סִימוֹן בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן שָׁאוּל בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי קָטָן עוֹשִׂין אוֹתוֹ סְנִיף לַעֲשָׂרָה. וְהָתַנִּי אֵין מְדַקְדְּקִין בְּקָטָן. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי קַיְימָא רִבִּי סִימוֹן רִבִּי חֲנִינָא רִבִּי סִימוֹן בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי לִשְׁנֵי קְטַנִּים נִצְרְכָה. שֶׁאִם הָיָה קָטָן עוֹשִׂין אוֹתוֹ סָפֵק. סָפֵק עוֹשִׂין אוֹתוֹ וַדַּאי. רִבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר פָּזִי בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹסֵי תִּשְׁעָה נִרְאִין כַּעֲשָׂרָה מַה [מְזַמְּנִין] מְסוּיָימִין. אֶלָּא אֲפִילוּ קָטָן בֵּינֵיהֶן.
HALAKHAH: Rebbi Simon in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi, Rebbi Yose ben Shaul in the name of Rebbi: One makes a minor an appendix for ten. But did we not state: One does not investigate a minor? Rebbi Yose said, one confirms Rebbi Simon, Rebbi Ḥanina, Rebbi Simon in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi: it is needed for two minors; if he is a minor, one considers him doubtful, if he is doubtful, one considers him certain. Rebbi Yehudah ben Pazi in the name of Rebbi Yose: nine that look like ten, does one “invite” only those that are certain? Also if a minor was among them?
רִבִּי בְּרֶכְיָה אָמַר רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר זַבְדִּי בְּעָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּמַה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים תַּמָּן קָטָן עוֹשִׂין אוֹתוֹ סְנִיפִין לַעֲשָׂרָה. וָמוֹר אַף הָכָא עוֹשִׂין אוֹתוֹ סְנִיף לִֹשְלֹשָׁה. מַה תַּמָּן שֶׁמַּזְכִּירִין אֶת הַשֵּׁם עוֹשִׂין אוֹתוֹ סְנִיף. כַּאן שֶׁאֵין מַזְכִּירִין אֶת הַשֵּׁם לֹא כָּל שֶׁכֵּן. אָמַר לֵיהּ וְהָא אֵינוֹ כָּל שֶׁכֵּן. תָּמַּן עַל יְדֵי שֶׁהֵן אוֹמְרִים אֶת הַשֵּׁם עוֹשִׂין אוֹתוֹ סְנִיף. וְכַאן שֶׁאֵין קוֹרִין אֶת הַשֵּׁם אֵין עוֹשִׂין אוֹתוֹ סְנִיף.
Rebbi Berekhiah said that Rebbi Jacob bar Zavdi asked before Rebbi Yose: “What are we dealing with? There one makes him an appendix for ten, one should say that here one should make him an appendix for three. Since there one makes him an appendix for the mention of the Divine Name, here, when one does not mention the Divine Name, a fortiori should one make him an appendix.” He answered him: “It is not a fortiori! There, since they must mention the Name, one makes him anappendix; here, since one does not recite the Name, there is no need to make him an appendix!”
תַּנִּי קָטָן וְסֵפֶר תּוֹרָה עוֹשִׂין אוֹתוֹ סְנִיף. אָמַר רִבִּי יוּדָן כֵּינִי מַתְנִיתָא קָטָן לְסֵפֶר תּוֹרָה עוֹשִׂין אוֹתוֹ סְנִיף.
It has been stated: One may take a minor and a Torah scroll as appendix. Rebbi Judan said: So is the baraita: One may take a minor as appendix for the purpose of Torah reading.
מֵאֵימָתַי עוֹשִׂין אוֹתוֹ סְנִיף. רִבִּי אֲבִינָא אֲמַר אִיתְפַּלְּגוּן רַב חוּנָא וְרַב יְהוּדָה תְּרַוֵּיהוֹן בְּשֵׁם שְׁמוּאֵל. חַד אָמַר כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא יוֹדֵעַ טִיב בְּרָכָה. וְחָרָנָה אָמַר שֶׁיְּהֵא יוֹדֵעַ לְמִי הוּא מְבָרֵךְ. אֲמַר רִבִּי נָסָא כַמָּה זִימְנִין אֲכָלִית עִם רִבִּי תַּחְלִיפָא אַבָּא וְעִם אֲנִינִיָיא בַּר סִיסַיי חֲבִיבִי וְלָא זְמַנִּין עָלַי עַד שֶׁהֵבֵאתִי שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת.
When does one start to make him an appendix? Rebbi Avina said: Rab Ḥuna and Rav Yehudah disagreed, both in the name of Samuel. One said, that he has to understand the nature of a benediction; the other one said that he has to understand to Whom one has to recite the benediction. Rebbi Nassa said, many times did I eat with my father Taḥlipha and my uncle Aninia bar Sisai and they did not recite the ‘invitation’ with me until I grew two pubic hairs.
שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר שִׁילַת בְּעָא קוֹמֵי רַב. וְאִית דְּאָמְרִין בְּעוּן קוֹמֵי רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר שִׁילַת. תִּשְׁעָה פַת וְאֶחָד יֶרֶק. אָמַר לוֹן מְזַמְּנִין. שְׁמֹנֶה פַת וּשְׁנַיִם יֶרֶק אָמַר לוֹן מְזַמְּנִין. שִׁבְעָה פַת וּשְׁלֹשָׁה יֶרֶק אָמַר לוֹן מְזַמְּנִין. רִבִּי אֲבִינָא בְּעִי מֶחְצָה לְמֶחְצָה מַהוּ. אֲמַר רִבִּי זְעִירָא עַד דַּאֲנָא תַמָּן אִצְרִכַת לִי מַיצְרִי לִי מִינָךְ לָא שַׁלְתֵּיהּ.
Samuel bar Shilat asked before Rav, but some say that it was asked before Rav Samuel bar Shilat: Nine ate bread and one ate vegetable? He said to them: One ‘invites’. Eight ate bread and two ate vegetable? He said to them: One ‘invites’. Seven ate bread and two ate vegetable? He said to them: One ‘invites’. Rebbi Avina asked: What is the rule for half and half? Rebbi Zeïra said, as long as I was there, I would have needed that. I regret that I did not ask.
רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בְּעִי אוֹתוֹ שֶׁאָכַל יֶרֶק מַהוּ שֶׁיְּבָרֵךְ. מֻחְלְפָה שִׁיטָּתֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי יִרְמְיָה. תַּנִּי שְׁלֹשׁ מֵאוֹת נְזִירִין עָלוּ בִימֵי רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן שֶׁטַח מֵאָה וַחֲמִשִּׁים מָצָא לָהֶן פֶּתַח. וּמֵאָה וַחֲמִשִּׁים לֹא מָצָא לָהֶן פֶּתַח. אֲתָא גַבֵּי יַנַּאי מַלְכָּא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ אִית הָכָא תְּלַת מְאָה נְזִירִין בְּעִיָין תְּשַׁע מֵאָה קָרְבָּנִין. אֶלָּא יְהַב אַתְּ פַּלְגָּא מִן דִּידָךְ וַאֲנָא פַלְגָּא מִן דִּידִי. שְׁלַח לֵיהּ אַרְבַּע מְאָה וְחַמְשִׁין. אֲזַל לִישְׁנָא בִישָׁא וָמַר לֵיהּ לָא יְהַב מִן דִּידֵיהּ כְּלוּם. שָׁמַע יַנַּאי מַלְכָּא וְכָעַס. דְּחַל שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן שֶׁטַח וְעָרַק. בָּתַר יוֹמִין סָלְקוּן בְּנֵי נַשׁ רַבְרְבִין מִן מַלְכוּתָא דְפָרַס גַּבֵּי יַנַּאי מַלְכָּא. מִן דְּיָתְבִין אָכְלִין אָמְרִין לֵיהּ נְהִירִין אֲנָן דַּהֲוָה אִית הָכָא חַד גְּבַר סָב וַהֲוָה אֲמַר קוֹמִין מִילִּין דְּחָכְמָה. תַּנִּי לוֹן עוּבְדָּא. אָמְרִין לֵיהּ שְׁלַח וְאַיְיתִיתֵיהּ שָׁלַח וִיהִב לֵיהּ מִילָּא וַאֲתָא וְיָתֵיב לֵיהּ בֵּין מַלְכָּא לְמַלְכְּתָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ לָמָּה אַפְלַיָית בִּי. אֲמַר לֵיהּ לָא אַפְלָיִית בָּךְ אַתְּ מִמָּמוֹנָךְ וַאֲנָא מִן אוֹרַיְיתִי. דִּכְתִיב כִּי בְצֵל הַחָכְמָה בְּצֵל הַכֶּסֶף. אֲמַר לֵיהּ וְלָמָּה עָרַקְתְּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ שְׁמָעִית דְּמָרִי כְעַס עָלַי וּבְעִית מְקַיְימָה הָדֵין קְרִיָיא חֳבִי כִּמְעַט רֶגַע עַד יַעֲבֹר זָעַם. וּקְרָא עִלּוֹי וְיִתְרוֹן דַּעַת הַחָכְמָה תְּחַיֶּה בְעָלֶיהָ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ וְלָמָּה יָתַבְתְּ בֵּין מַלְכָּא לְמַלְכְּתָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ בְּסִיפְרָא דְּבֶן סִירָא כְתִיב סַלְסְלֶיהָ וּתְרוֹמְמֶךָּ וּבֵין נְגִידִים תּוֹשִׁיבֶךָּ. אֲמַר הֲבוּ לֵיהּ כַּסָּא דְּלִיבְרִיךְ. נְסַב כַּסָּא וָמַר נְבָרֵךְ עַל הַמָּזוֹן שֶׁאָכַל יַנַּאי וַחֲבֵירָיו. אֲמַר לֵיהּ עַד כְּדוֹן אַתְּ בְּקַשְׁיוּתָךְ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ וּמַה נֹאמַר עַל הַמָּזוֹן שֶׁלֹּא אָכַלְנוּ. אֲמַר הֲבוּן לֵיהּ דְּלֵיכוּל. יְהָבוּ לֵיהּ וְאָכַל. וָמַר נְבָרֵךְ עַל הַמָּזוֹן שֶׁאָכַלְנוּ. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן חוֹלְקִין עַל רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן שֶׁטַח. רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה אָמַר עַל הָרִאשׁוֹנָה. רִבִּי אָבָּא אָמַר עַל הַשְּׁנִיָּיה. מֻחְלְפָה שִׁיטָּתֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי יִרְמְיָה. הָתָם צְרִיכָא לֵיהּ. וָכָה פְּשִׁיטָא לֵיהּ. הֵּן דִּצְרִיכָא לֵיהּ כְּרַבָּנָן הֵן דִּפְשִׁיטָא לֵיהּ כְּרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל. תַּנִּי עֲלָהּ הֵיסֶב וְאָכַל עִמָּהֶן אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא אָכַל כְּזַיִת דָּגָן מְזַמְּנִין דִּבְרֵי חֲכָמִים. רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אַחָא בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן לְעוֹלָם אֵין מְזַמְּנִין עָלָיו עַד שֶׁיֹּאכַל כְּזַיִת דָּגָן. תַנִּי שְׁנַיִם פַּת וְאֶחָד יֶרֶק מְזַמְּנִין. מַתְנִיתָה כְּרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל.
Rebbi Jeremiah asked: May he who ate vegetable recite Grace? Rebbi Jeremiah seems to contradict himself! It has been stated: 300 nezirim came in the days of Simeon ben Shetaḥ. For 150 of them he found an opening, for 150 of them he did not find an opening. He came to king Yannai and said to him: There are here 300 nezirim who need 900 sacrifices. You should give half of them from your side, I shall give half from my side. The king sent him 450 animals. An informer went around and said that the other one had not given anything from his own money. King Yannai heard about it and got angry. Simeon ben Shetaḥ feared and fled. After some time, important people from the Persian empire came to king Yannai. At the meal, they said to him: We remember that there was here an old man who gave us a rabbinic discourse. He told them what had happened. They said to him, send and bring him! He sent and gave him his word; he came and sat between king and queen. He said to him, why did you trick me? He said, I did not trick you; you with your money and I with my learning, as it is written ( Eccl. 7:12) “In the shadow of wisdom, in the shadow of money.” He said to him, why did you disappear? He said to him, I heard that my lord was angry with me and I wanted to fulfill the verse ( Is. 26:20) “Hide a little bit until the rage passes;” he used about himself ( Eccl. 7:12): “Knowledge is an advantage, wisdom lets its possessor live.” He said to him, why did you sit between king and queen? He said to him, it is written in the book of Ben Sirach: “Esteem it and it will raise you and set you between princes.” He said, bring him a cup that he may recite Grace. He took the cup and said: “Let us give praise for the food that Yannai and his company ate.” He said to him, are you still obstinate as ever? He said to him, what should I say, “for the food that we did not eat?” He said, bring him something that he may eat. They brought, he ate and recited: “For the food that we ate.” Rebbi Yoḥanan said, his colleagues disagree with Simeon ben Shetaḥ. Rebbi Jeremiah said, about the first action; Rebbi Abba said, about the second action. Rebbi Jeremiah seems to contradict himself! There he wondered about it and here it is obvious for him! He wondered following the Sages; it is obvious for him following Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel. We have stated about this: If one was lying on a couch and ate with them, even if he did not eat grain the volume of an olive one ‘invites’ with him, the words of the Sages. Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Yoḥanan: One never ‘invites’ anyone unless he had eaten grain the volume of an olive. But did we not formulate, “two bread and one vegetable, then one ‘invites’?” This baraita follows Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel.
The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY
English: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY