בבא מציעא ח׳Bava Metzia 8

Perek 8 of 10 in Bava Metzia — 9 halakhot

Checking for audio…

Halakhah 1א׳

Mishnah

משנה: הַשּׁוֹאֵל אֶת הַפָּרָה וְשָׁאַל בְּעָלֶיהָ עִמָּהּ. שָׁאַל אֶת הַפָּרָה וְשָׂכַר בְּעָלֶיהָ עִמָּהּ. שָׁאַל אֶת הַבְּעָלִין אוֹ שְׂכָרָן וּלְאַחַר כָּךְ שָׁאַל אֶת הַפָּרָה וָמֵתָה פָּטוּר שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר אִם בְּעָלָיו עִמּוֹ לֹא יְשַׁלֵּם. אֲבָל שָׁאַל אֶת הַפָּרָה וְאַחַר כָּךְ שָׁאַל אֶת הַבְּעָלִין אוֹ שְׂכָרָן וָמֵתָה חַיָיב שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר אִם בְּעָלָיו אֵין עִמּוֹ שַׁלֵּם יְשַׁלֵּם.

MISHNAH: If somebody borrowed a cow and asked its owner [to work with him], or borrowed a cow and paid its owner [to work with him], or asked or paid its owner [to work with him] and then borrowed the cow: if it died he is not liable since it was said: “if its owner was with it he does not pay.” But if he borrowed the cow and afterwards asked or paid its owner [to work with him] and it died he is liable since it was said: “if its owner was not with it, certainly he shall pay.”

Halakhah

הלכה: הַשּׁוֹאֵל אֶת הַפָּרָה כול׳. אָמַר רִבִּי אִילָא. מִמַּשְׁמַע שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר שַׁלֵּם יְשַׁלֵּם אֵין אָנוּ יוֹדְעִין אִם בְּעָלָיו עִמּוֹ לֹא יְשַׁלֵּם. מַה תַלְמוּד לוֹמַר בְּעָלָיו אֵין עִמּוֹ שַׁלֵּם יְשַׁלֵּם. אֶלָּא מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁשָּׁאַל הַפָּרָה וְלֹא שָׁאַל בְּעָלָהּ עִמָּהּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַבְּעָלִין חוֹרְשִׁין עַל גַּבָּהּ וָמֵתָה חַיָיב.

HALAKHAH: “If somebody borrowed a cow,” etc. Rebbi Ila said, from the meaning of what is said, “certainly he shall pay”; would we not have known that if its owner was with it he does not pay? Why does the verse say, “if its owner was not with it, certainly he shall pay”? But since he borrowed the cow and did not ask its owner at the same time, even if the latter was ploughing with it when it died, he is liable.

אֲבָל שָׁאַל אֶת הַפָּרָה וְאַחַר כָּךְ שָׁאַל בְּעָלָהּ אוֹ שְׂכָרָן וָמֵתָה חַיָיב. אָמַר רִבִּי לָא. מִמַּשְׁמַע שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר אִם בְּעָלָיו עִמּוֹ לֹא יְשַׁלֵּם אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁאִם אֵין בְּעָלָיו עִמּוֹ שַׁלֵּם יְשַׁלֵּם. וּמַה תַלְמוּד לוֹמַר בְּעָלָיו עִמּוֹ לֹא יְשַׁלֵּם. אֶלָּא מִכֵּיוָן שֶׁשָּׁאַל אֶת הַפָּרָה וְשָׂכַר בְּעָלָהּ עִמָּהּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהַבְּעָלִים חוֹרְשִׁין בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר וָמֵתָה פָּטוּר.

“But if he borrowed the cow and afterwards asked or paid its owner [to work with him] and it died he is liable.” Rebbi La said, from the meaning of what is said, “if its owner was not with it, certainly he shall pay,” would I not have known that if its owner was not with it, certainly he shall pay? Why does the verse say, “if its owner was with it he does not pay”? But since he borrowed the cow and did ask its owner at the same time, even if the latter was ploughing at another place when it died, he is not liable.

Halakhah 2ב׳

Mishnah

משנה: הַשּׁוֹאֵל אֶת הַפָּרָה שְׁאָלָהּ חֲצִי יוֹם וּשְׂכָרָהּ חֲצִי יוֹם שְׁאָלָהּ הַיּוֹם וּשְׂכָרָהּ לְמָחָר שָׂכַר אַחַת וְשָׁאַל אַחַת הַמַּשְׁאִיל אוֹמֵר שְׁאוּלָה מֵתָה בְּיוֹם שֶׁהָיְתָה שְׁאוּלָה מֵתָה בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהָיְתָה שְׁאוּלָה מֵתָה וְהַלָּה אוֹמֵר אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ חַיָיב. הַשּׂוֹכֵר אוֹמֵר שְׂכוּרָה מֵתָה בְּיוֹם שֶׁהָיְתָה שְׂכוּרָה מֵתָה בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהָיְתָה שְׂכוּרָה מֵתָה וְהַלָּה אוֹמֵר אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ פָּטוּר. זֶה אוֹמֵר שְׁאוּלָה וְזֶה אוֹמֵר שְׂכוּרָה יִשָּׁבַע הַשּׂוֹכֵר שֶׁהַשְּׂכוּרָה מֵתָה. זֶה אוֹמֵר אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ וְזֶה אוֹמֵר אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ יַחֲלוֹקוּ.

MISHNAH: Somebody borrowed a cow; he borrowed it for half a day and leased it for half a day, or borrowed it for one day and leased it for the next, or borrowed for one and leased for one. The lessee says, the borrowed one died, or it died on the day it was borrowed, or it died during the time it was borrowed, and the other one says “I do not know”, he is liable. The lessor says, the leased one died, or it died on the day it was leased, or it died during the time it was leased, and the other one says “I do not know”, he is not liable. One says the borrowed and the other one says the leased; let the lessee swear that the leased one died. If both say “I do not know” they shall split.

Halakhah

הלכה: הַשּׁוֹאֵל אֶת הַפָּרָה כול׳. לָיְלָה שֶׁבֵּנְתַיִים מָהוּ. אִיתָ מְרִין. דֶּרֶךְ הַפָּרוֹת לָלוּן עַל בְּעָלֵיהֶן וְזוֹ עַל יְדֵי שֶׁשּׂוֹכְרָהּ אֶצְלוֹ לא לָנָה כִּשְׁאוּלָה הִיא אֶצְלָהּ וְהוּא חַיָיב. וְאִיתָ מְרִין. אֵין דֶּרֶךְ הַפָּרוֹת לָלוּן עַל בְּעָלֵיהֶן וְזוֹ כִּשְׂכוּרָה אֶצְלוֹ וּפָטוּר.

HALAKHAH: “Somebody borrowed a cow,” etc. What is the status of the night in between? Some say, usually cows rest at their owners’, and this one, because it is leased to him, stays overnight and is as if loaned to him; he is liable. But some say, usually cows do not rest at their owners’, and this one is as if being leased to him; he is not liable.

Halakhah 3ג׳

Mishnah

משנה: הַשּׁוֹאֵל אֶת הַפָּרָה וְשִׁילַּח לוֹ בְיַד בְּנוֹ וּבְיַד עַבְדּוֹ וּבְיַד שְׁלוּחוֹ אוֹ בְיַד בְּנוֹ בְּיַד עַבְדּוֹ בְּיַד שְׁלוּחוֹ שֶׁלַּשּׁוֹאֵל וָמֵתָה פָטוּר. אָמַר לוֹ הַשּׁוֹאֵל שַׁלְּחָהּ לִי בְּיַד בְּנִי וּבְיַד עַבְדִּי וּבְיַד שְׁלוּחִי אוֹ בְיַד בִּנְךָ אוּ בְיַד עַבְדְּךָ אוֹ בְיַד שְׁלוּחֲךָ אוֹ שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ הַמַּשְׁאִיל הֲרֵינִי מְשַׁלְּחָהּ לָךְ בְּיַד בְּנִי בְּיַד עַבְדִּי בְּיַד שְׁלוּחִי אוֹ בְיַד בִּנְךָ אוֹ בְיַד עַבְדְּךָ אוֹ בְיַד שְׁלוּחֲךָ וְאָמַר לוֹ הַשּׁוֹאֵל שַׁלַּח וְשִׁילְּחָהּ וָמֵתָה חַיָיב. וְכֵן בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁמַּחֲזִירָהּ.

MISHNAH: If somebody borrowed a cow and [the lender] sent it through his son, or his slave, or his agent, or through the borrower’s son, or slave, or agent, and it died, he is not liable. If the borrower said, send it to me through my son, or slave, or agent, or through your son, or slave, or agent, or if the lender said, I am going to send it to you through my son, or slave, or agent, or through your son, or slave, or agent, and the borrower said: send! If it died, he is liable. The same holds when he returns it.

Halakhah

הלכה: הַשּׁוֹאֵל אֶת הַפָּרָה כול׳. תַּנֵּי. הַשְׁאִילֵינִי פָרָתָךְ עֲשָׂרָה יָמִים וְהִשָּׁאֵל לִי בָהֶן חֲמִשָּׁה יָמִים. מֵתָה. מִשִּׁיעְבּוּד הָרִאשׁוֹנִים. מִשִּׁיעְבּוּד הָאַחֲרוֹנִים מֵתָה. הַשְׁאִילֵנִי פָרָתָךְ עֲשָׂרָה יָמִים וְהִשָּׁאֵל לִי בָהֶם רִאשׁוֹנִים. מֵתָה בְתוֹךְ הָאַחֲרוֹנִים. מִשִּׁעְבּוּד הָרִאשׁוֹנִים מֵתָה. מִשִּׁיעְבּוּד הָאַחֲרוֹנִים מֵתָה. הַשְׁאִילֵינִי פָרָתָךְ לָאַחַר עֶשֶׂר יָמִים. אָמַר לֵיהּ. סַבָּהּ מִן כְּבָר. מֵתָה. מִשִּׁיעְבּוּד הָרִאשׁוֹנִים מֵתָה. מִשִּׁיעְבּוּד הָאַחֲרוֹנִים מֵתָה.

HALAKHAH: It was stated: ‘Lend me your cow for ten days and you shall be lent to me the first five days.’ If it died, was it subject to the first days’ servitude? It died subject to the later days’ servitude. ‘Lend me your cow for ten days and you shall be lent to me the first of these.’ If it died during the later days, was it subject to the first days’ servitude? it died subject to the later days’ servitude. ‘Lend me your cow after ten days.’ The other one said, ‘take it now.’ If it died, was it subject to the first days’ servitude? It died subject to the later days’ servitude.

הַשְׁאִילֵינִי פָרָתָךְ וַאֲנִי נִשְׁאַל לָךְ. הַשְׁאִילֵינִי פָרָתָךְ וּבוֹא וַעֲשֵׂה עִמִּי. הַשְׁאִילֵינִי קַרְדּוֹמָךְ וּבוֹא וְנַכֵּשׁ עִמִּי. הַשְׁאִילֵינִי תַמְחוּיָיךְ וּבוֹא וַאֲכוֹל עִמִּי. שְׁאָלָהּ מִן הַבַּיָיר אוֹ מִן הַסַּנְטָר אוֹ מִן הָאֹיקוֹמֹנוֹס וָמֵתָה כְּמִי שֶׁהַבְּעָלִים עִמּוֹ.

Lend me your cow and I shall respond to your request; lend me your cow and come work with me; lend me your axe and come weed with me; lend me your plate and come eat with me. If he borrowed it from the superintendent of cisterns, the steward, or the administrator and it died, it is as if the owners were with it.

Halakhah 4ד׳

Mishnah

משנה: הַמַּחֲלִיף פָּרָה בַחֲמוֹר וְיָלְדָה וְכֵן הַמּוֹכֵר שִׁפְחָתוֹ וְיָלְדָה זֶה אוֹמֵר עַד שֶׁלֹּא מָכַרְתִּי וְזֶה אוֹמֵר מִשֶּׁלָּקַחְתִּי יַחֲלוֹקוּ. הָיוּ לוֹ שְׁנֵי עֲבָדִים אֶחָד גָּדוֹל וְאֶחָד קָטָן וְכֵן שְׁתֵּי שָׂדוֹת אַחַת גְּדוֹלָה וְאַחַת קְטַנָּה. הַלּוֹקֵחַ אוֹמֵר הַגָּדוֹל לָקַחְתִּי וְהַמּוֹכֵר אוֹמֵר אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ זָכָה בַגָּדוֹל. הַמּוֹכֵר אוֹמֵר הַקָּטוֹן מָכַרְתִּי וְהַלָּה אוֹמֵר אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ אֵין לוֹ אֶלָּא קָטָן. זֶה אוֹמֵר גָּדוֹל וְזֶה אוֹמֵר קָטָן יִישָּׁבַע הַמּוֹכֵר שֶׁהַקָּטָן מָכַר. זֶה אוֹמֵר אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ וְזֶה אוֹמֵר אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ יַחֲלוֹקוּ.

MISHNAH: Somebody exchanged a cow for a donkey and it gave birth, or he sold his slave girl and she gave birth. If one said, [it happened] before I sold, the other said, after I bought, they shall split. If he had two slaves, one adult and one young, or two fields, one large and one small. The buyer says, I bought the large one, and the seller says, I do not know: he acquired the large one. The seller says, I sold the small and the other party says, I do not know: he has only the small one. If one says the large one and the other says the small, let the seller swear that he sold the small one. If both say, I do not know, they shall split.

Halakhah

הלכה: אָמַר לוֹ הִשְׁאִילָהּ לִי כול׳. הַמַּחֲלִיף פָּרָה כול׳. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. זוֹ לְהוֹצִיא מִידֵי סוּמָּכוֹס שֶׁאוֹמֵר. כָּל הַסְּפֵיקוֹת יַחֲלוֹקוּ. אָמַר רִבִּי לָא. תִּיפְתָּר בְּשֶׁזֶּה אוֹמֵר. בָּרִיא לִי. וְזֶה אוֹמֵר. בָּרִיא לִי. רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בָּעֵי. אִם בְּשֶׁזֶּה אוֹמֵר. בָּרִיא לִי. וְזֶה אוֹמֵר. בָּרִיא לִי. עַל דָא אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן לְהוֹצִיא מִדִּבְרֵי סוּמָּכוֹס.

HALAKHAH: “If he said to him, lend me,” etc. “Somebody exchanged a cow,” etc. Rebbi Joḥanan said, this contradicts Symmachos who says that in all cases of doubt one splits evenly. Rebbi La said, explain it if both of them say, I am certain. Rebbi Yose explained, if both of them say, I am certain, that is what Rebbi Joḥanan refered to when he said, this contradicts Symmachos’s words.

…and 5 more halakhot in this perek.

Become a premium member

Or start free — a free account opens your first 5 gematria searches in full. Create free account

The daily learning is free on your account, every day.

The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY

English: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY