בבא בתרא ג׳Bava Batra 3

Mishnah

משנה: חֶזְקַת הַבָּתִּים בּוֹרוֹת שִׁיחִין וּמְעָרוֹת וּמֶרְחֲצָאוֹת וְשׁוֹבָכוֹת בֵּית הַבַּדִּין בֵּית הַשְּׁלָחִין וְהָעֲבָדִים וְכָל שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה פֵירוֹת תָּדִיר חֶזְקָתָן שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם. שְׂדֵה הַבַּעַל חֶזְקָתָהּ שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים וְאֵינָהּ מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם.

MISHNAH: Confirmation of claim of undisturbed possession of houses, cisterns, ditches, and caverns, and bath houses, and dove-cotes, oil presses, irrigated land, and slaves, and everything which yields continuously is three years from day to day. The claim of undisturbed possession of an unirrigated field is three years, but not from day to day.

Halakhah

הלכה: חֶזְקַת הַבָּתִּים בּוֹרוֹת שִׁיחִין וּמְעָרוֹת כול׳. מְנַיִין לַחֲזָקוֹת. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. שָׁמַעְנוּ מֵהוֹלְכֵי אוּשָׁא מִשּׁוֹר הַמּוּעָד לָמְדוּ. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. מָאן אִית לֵיהּ שׁוֹר הַמּוּעָד לְג̇ יָמִים. לֹא רִבִּי יוּדָה. דְּתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן. רִבִּי יוּדָה אוֹמֵר. לֹא אָמְרוּ ג̇ שָׁנִים אֶלָּא כְדֵי שֶׁיְּהֵא בְאִיסְפַּמְיָא וְיַחֲזִיק שָׁנָה וְיֵלְכוּ וְיוֹדִיעוּהוּ שָׁנָה וְיָבוֹא שָׁנָה.

HALAKHAH: “The claim of undisturbed possession of houses, cisterns, ditches, and caverns,” etc. From where confirmation of claims of undisturbed possession? Rebbi Joḥanan said, we heard from those who went to Usha that they learned it from the notorious bull. Rebbi Yose said, who holds that a bull becomes notorious after three days? Not Rebbi Jehudah? As we stated there: “Rebbi Jehudah said, they said three years only for the case that if he is in Spain, he should be in possession for one year; they went and told him during one year, and he returns within one year.”

שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר וָוא בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. הַמּוֹכֵר בַּיִת לַחֲבֵירוֹ כֵּיוָן שֶׁמָּסַר לוֹ מַפְתֵּחַ קָנָה. רִבִּי אִמִּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. הַמּוֹכֵר בַּיִת לַחֲבֵירוֹ כֵּיוָן שֶׁצָּבַר לְתוֹכוֹ פֵירוֹת קָנָה. אָמַר רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק. וּבִלְבַד פֵּירוֹת שֶׁרְאוּיִין לִיצָּבֵר. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יַנַּאי. הַמּוֹכֵר בּוֹר לַחֲבֵירוֹ כֵּיוָן שֶׁמָּסַר לוֹ דְלָיָיו קָנָה. רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי בְשֵׁם רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ. הַמּוֹכֵר צֹאן לַחֲבֵירוֹ כֵּיוָן שֶׁמָּסַר לוֹ מַשְׁכּוֹכִית קָנָה. מַאי מַשְׁכּוֹכִית. אִית דָּמְרִין. חוּטְרָא. וְאִית דָּמְרִין. פַּנְדוּרָא. וְאִית דַּמְרִין. תַּיָישָׁא רַבָּא. רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ בְּשֵׁם בַּר קַפָּרָא. הַמּוֹכֵר קֶבֶר לַחֲבֵירוֹ כֵּיוָן שֶׁקָּבַר מֵת אֶחָד בְּכוּךְ חֲזָקָה לְכָל הַכּוּךְ. קָבַר ג̇ מֵתִים בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה כוּכִין חֲזָקָה לְכָל הַקֶּבֶר.

Simeon bar Abba in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: If someboldy is selling a house to another, when he delivered the key [the buyer] took possession. Rebbi Immi in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: If somebody is selling a house to another, when [the buyer] stored produce there, he took possession. Rebbi Samuel bar Rav Isaac said, only produce usually stored. Rebbi Joḥanan in the name of Rebbi Yannai: If somebody is selling a cistern to another, when he handed over its pails [the buyer] took possession. Rebbi Joshua ben Levi in the name of Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish: If somebody sold a flock to another person, when [the seller] delivered the maškokît, [the buyer] took possession. What is maškokît? Some say, the shepherd’s staff. But some say, a pandura. And some say, the bell-wether. Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish in the name of Bar Qappara: If somebody is selling a burial chamber to another, when that one buried there one dead it is confirmation of claim for the entire chamber. When he buried three dead in three chambers, it is confirmation of claim for the entire burial cavern.

וַעֲבָדִים. רִבִּי סִימוֹן אַחֲוֵי דְּרִבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר זַבְדִּי בְשֵׁם רַב. תִּינּוֹק כָּל זְמַן שֶׁמּוּשְׁלָךְ בַּשּׁוּק אָבִיו אוֹ אִמּוֹ מְעִידִין עָלָיו. נֶאֱסַף מִן הַשּׁוּק צָרִיךְ שְׁנֵי עֵדִים וְאָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ נַעֲשִׂין לוֹ כִשְׁנֵי עֵדִים. אָמַר רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ. וְחָשׁוּד אָדָם לוֹמַר עַל מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ בְנוֹ שֶׁהוּא בְנוֹ. דִּילְמָא בְנִיכְסֵי הַגֵּר אִתְאֲמָרַת. אָמְרוּ לֵיהּ. הֲרֵי כָל רַבּוֹתֵינוֹ בַגּוֹלָה מְעִידִין עָלֵינוּ שֶׁכָּךְ שֶׁמַעְנוּהָ מִפִּי רַב אָדָא בַּר אָבוּהּ. אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא. הָדָא דְתֵימַר בְּתִינּוֹק שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַרְגִּיעַ. אֲבָל בְּתִינּוֹק הַמַּרְגִּיעַ הָדָא הִיא דָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. עֲגָלִים וְסַיָיחִים הַמְקַפְּצִין מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם אֵין לָהֶן חֲזָקָה.

“And slaves.” Rebbi Simon the brother of Rebbi Jehudah bar Zavdi in the name of Rav: As long as a baby lies in the public domain, his father or his mother can testify about him. Once he has been collected from the public domain, one needs two witnesses and its father and mother are like two witnesses. Rebbi Abbahu said, can a person be suspected to say about one who is not his son that he is his son? Maybe it was said about the property of a convert? He told him, but all our teachers in the Diaspora testify that in this form we heard it from Rav Ada bar Abuh. Rav Ḥisda said: That is, if the baby is not moving. But [the case of] a baby which is moving refers to what Rebbi Joḥanan said: property rights on jumping calves and lambs which move from place to place cannot be proven by possession.

רִבִּי יָסָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. שְׁתֵּי שָׂדוֹת בְּנִיכְסֵי הַגֵּר הַמֵּיצַר בֵּנְתַיִים. תָּלַשׁ מֵאַחַת מֵהֶן לִקְנוֹת חֲבֵירָתָהּ וְלֹא לִקְנוֹת הַמֵּיצַר. הִיא נִקְנֵית וַחֲבֵירָתָהּ אֵינָהּ נִקְנֵית. רִבִּי זֵירָא בְעָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יָסָא. נִתְכַּוֵון לִקְנוֹת [מִן] הַמֵּיצַר. וּשְׁרַע מִינָּהּ. אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא. בְּנִיכְסֵי הַגֵּר תָּלַשׁ צְפוֹנָהּ שֶׁלַּשָּׂדֶה לִקְנוֹת דְּרוֹמָהּ וְלֹא אֶמְצַעִיתָהּ. צְּפוֹנָהּ נִקְנֵית דְּרוֹמָהּ לֹא נִקְנֵית תַּמָּן תַּנִּינָן. אִם הָיָה מְחוּבָּר לַקַּרְקַע וְתָלַשׁ כָּל שֶׁהוּא קָנָה. שְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר. לֹא קָנָה אֶלָּא מַה שֶׁתָּלַשׁ. אָמַר רִבִּי אֶבְדַּומָא נְחוּתָה בְּנִיכְסֵי הַגֵּר אִתְאֲמַר. רַב חִסְדָּא אָמַר רִבִּי יִצְחָק. בְּגִין דְּלָא תֵימַר קַשְׁיָא לִשְׁמוּאֵל אַתֲּ מַר בְּנִיכְסֵי הַגֵּר אִיתְאֲמָרַת.

Rebbi Yasa in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: If two fields of a proselyte were involved, with a boundary strip in between. If he cut off from one of them with the intent of taking possession also of the other but not the boundary strip in between, the one was acquired by him but not the other. Rebbi Ze‘ira asked before Rebbi Yasa: If he intended to acquire starting [from] the boundary strip and below? Rav Ḥisda said, property of a proselyte which he took possession of in the North by cutting off with the intent of also acquiring the one to the South, but did not have the intent of acquiring the strip in the middle, he acquired the one to the North but not the one to the South. There, we have stated: “If it was connected to the ground and he cut off anything, he acquired.” Samuel said, he acquired only what he cut off. Rebbi Eudaimon the Emigrant said, this was said concerning the property of a proselyte. Rav Ḥisda said, Rebbi Isaac: It was reported that this was said concerning the property of a proselyte, so it should present no difficulty for Samuel.

רַב חִסְדָּא אָמַר. מְשֹׁךְ בְּהֵמָה זוֹ לִקְנוֹת קָנָה. לִקְנוֹת וְולָדוֹתֶיהָ [לֹא] קָנָה. לִקְנוֹת הִיא וּוְלָדוֹתֶיהָ (לֹא) קָנָה. אָמַר רִבִּי נָסָה. הָדָא דְתֵימַר. בְּשֶׁלֹּא הָיְתֵה עוֹבָרָה. אֲבָל אִם הָיְתֵה עוֹבָרָה עָשׂוּ אוֹתָהּ כְּאֶחָד מֵאֵיבָרֶיהָ. וְהָתַנֵּי. הַמּוֹכֵר עוֹבָרֵי בְהֶמְתּוֹ לַחֲבֵירוֹ לֹא עָשָׂה כְלוּם. וְולָדֵי שִׁפְחָתוֹ לַחֲבֵירוֹ לֹא עָשָׂה כְלוּם. מַעְשְׂרוֹת שָׂדֵהוּ לַחֲבֵירוֹ לֹא עָשָׂה כְלוּם. אַוֵּיר חוֹרֵבָתוֹ לַחֲבֵירוֹ לֹא עָשָׂה כְלוּם. אֶלָּא מוֹכֵר לוֹ בְהֵמָה וּמְשַׁיֵיר לוֹ עוֹבָרָהּ. מוֹכֵר לוֹ שִׁפְחָה וּמְשַׁיֵיר לוֹ וְולָדָהּ. מוֹכֵר לוֹ שָׂדֶה וּמְשַׁיֵיר לוֹ מַעְשְׂרוֹת. מוֹכֵר לוֹ חוֹרֵבָה וּמְשַׁיֵיר לוֹ אַוֵּירָהּ.

Rav Ḥisda said, “draw this animal close to you in order to take possession,” he took possession. “To take possession of its offspring,” he did [not] take possession. “To take possession of it together with its offspring,” he did (not) take possession. Rebbi Nasa said, that is, if it was not pregnant. But if it was pregnant, they treated [the fetus] as one of its limbs, as we did state: He who sells the fetus of his animal to another person did not do anything; the future children of his slave girl to another person, he did not do anything; the tithes of his field to another person, he did not do anything; the airspace of his dry land to another person, he did not do anything. But he may sell him an animal and reserve her fetus for himself, sell him a slave girl and reserve her children for himself, sell him a field and reserve the tithes for himself, sell him dry land and reserve the airspace for himself.

רִבִּי בָּא בְשֵׁם רַב חִסְדָּא. שְׁלֹשָׁה הֵן שֶׁהֵן נֶאֱמָנִין לְאַלְתָּר. הַחַיָּה וְהַשְּׁיָירָה וְהַמְטָהֶרֶת חֲבֵרוֹתֶיהָ. הַחַיָּה בְשָׁעָה שֶׁיּוֹשֶׁבֶת עַל הַמַּשְׁבֵּר. מֵהָדָא דִכְתִיב וַתִּקַּח הַמְיַלֶּדֶת וִתִּקְשֹׁר וגו׳. שְׁיָירָא. כַּיי דָּמַר רִבִּי סִימוֹן אַחֲוֵי דִיהוּדָה בַּר זַבְדִּי בְשֵׁם רַב. [תִּינּוֹק] כָּל זְמַן שֶׁמּוּשְׁלָךְ לַשּׁוּק אוֹ אָבִיו אוֹ אִמּוֹ מְעִידִין עָלָיו. נֶאֱסַף צָרִיךְ שְׁנֵי עֵדִים וְאָבִיו וְאִמּוֹ נַעֲשִׂין לוֹ כִשְׁנֵי עֵדִים. וְהַמְטָהֶרֶת חֲבֵרוֹתֶיהָ. כַּיי דְתַנִּינָן תַּמָּן. שָׁלֹשׁ נָשִׁים שֶׁהָיוּ יְשֵׁינוֹת בְּמִיטָּה וְנִמְצָא דָם תַּחַת אַחַת מֵהֶן כּוּלָּן טְמֵאוֹת. בָּדְקָה אַחַת וּמְצָתָה טָמֵא הִיא טְמֵאָה וְכוּלָּן טְהוֹרוֹת. אָמַר רִבִּי בָּא. וּבִלְבַד מֵעֵת לָעֵת.

Rebbi Abba in the name of Rav Ḥisda: Three are trustworthy immediately: a midwife, a caravan, and the one who purifies her colleagues. A midwife as long as [the woman] sits on the birthing chair, from the verse: “The midwife took and wound, etc.” A caravan, as Rebbi Simon, the brother of Rebbi Jehudah bar Zavdi, said in the name of Rav: As long as [a baby] lies in the public domain, either its father or its mother can testify about him. Once he has been collected from the public domain, one needs two witnesses; its father and mother may become its two witnesses. The one who purifies her colleagues, as we have stated there: “Three women sleep on one bed. If blood was found under one of them, all three are impure. If one of them checked herself out and found herself impure, she is impure and the other two are pure.” Rebbi Abba said, only within 24 hours.

Mishnah

משנה: רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר ג̇ חֳדָשִׁים בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה וּשְׁלֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים בָּאַחֲרוֹנָה וּשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ בָּאֶמְצָע הֲרֵי שְׁמוֹנָה עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר חֹדֶשׁ בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה וְחֹדֶשׁ בָּאַחֲרוֹנָה וּשְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ בָּאֶמְצָע הֲרֵי אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ. אָמַר רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בִּשְׂדֵה הַלָּבָן אֲבָל בִּשְׂדֵה הָאִילָן כָּנַס אֶת תְּבוּאָתוֹ מָסַק אֶת זֵיתָיו כָּנַס אֶת קֵייצוֹ הֲרֵי אֵילּוּ שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים.

MISHNAH: Rebbi Ismael says, three months in the first and three months in the last with twelve months in the middle, for a total of eighteen months. Rebbi Aqiba says, one month in the first and one month in the last with twelve months in the middle, for a total of fourteen months. Rebbi Ismael said, when has this been said? A field of grain. But for an orchard, if he harvested his yield, lifted his olives, and collected his cut figs it counts for three years.

Halakhah

הלכה: רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר. שְׁלֹשָׁה חֳדָשִׁים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים כול׳. שְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר. זוֹ דִבְרֵי רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל וְרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה. אֲבָל חֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים. ג̇ שָׁנִים קָצִיר. ג̇ שָׁנִים בָּצִיר. ג̇ שָׁנִים מָסִיק. רַב אָמַר. זוֹ דִבְרֵי רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל וְרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה. אֲבָל חֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים. ג̇ שָׁנִים מֵעֵת לָעֵת. רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹנָתָן. כְּשֵׁם שֶׁחֲלוּקִין כָּאן כָּךְ חֲלוּקִין בִּשְׁנֵי אֱלִיָּהוּ.

HALAKHAH: “Rebbi Ismael says, the first three months,” etc. Samuel said, these are the words of Rebbi Ismael and Rebbi Aqiba. But the Sages say, three years grain cutting, three years grape harvesting, three years olive harvesting. Rav said, these are the words of Rebbi Ismael and Rebbi Aqiba. But the Sages say, three years from day to day. Rebbi Samuel bar Naḥman in the name of Rebbi Jonathan: Just as they disagree here, so they disgree about Elijah’s years.