יורה דעה ל״זYoreh De'ah 37

Siman 37 of 402 in Yoreh De'ah — 7 se'ifim

הלכות טריפותUnslaughterable Animals· siman 37

Se’if 1א׳

רֵאָה שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ בָּהּ אֲבַּעְבּוּעוֹת אֲפִלּוּ הֵם גְּדוֹלִים הַרְבֵּה, אִם הָיוּ מְלֵאִים רוּחַ אוֹ מַיִם זַכִּים אוֹ לֵחָה הַנִּמְשֶׁכֶת כִּדְבַשׁ וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ, אוֹ לֵחָה יְבֵשָׁה וְקָשָׁה אֲפִלּוּ כְּאֶבֶן, הֲרֵי זוֹ מֻתֶּרֶת; וְאִם נִמְצֵאת בָּהֶם לֵחָה סְרוּחָה אוֹ מַיִם סְרוּחִים אוֹ עֲכוּרִים, הֲרֵי זוֹ טְרֵפָה. הַגָּה: וְרַבִּים מַכְשִׁירִים אֲפִלּוּ בַּעֲכוּרִין וּסְרוּחִין (הָרֹא"שׁ וְהָרַ"ן וְהָרַשְׁבָּ"א וְטוּר ומהרי"ל וְעַיֵּן לְעֵיל סִימָן ל"ו ס"ז עוֹד פּוֹסְקִים), וְכֵן הַמִּנְהָג לְהַכְשִׁיר בּוּעוֹת בְּכָל עִנְיָן, אִם אֵינָן סְמוּכוֹת.

A lung in which blisters are found, even if they are very large: if they were full of air, or of clear water, or of moisture that draws out like honey and the like, or of moisture that is dry and hard even as a stone, it is permitted. And if there is found in them foul moisture, or foul or turbid water, it is a tereifah (an animal with a fatal defect). Hagah [Rema]: And many declare it fit even where they are turbid and foul (Rosh and Ran and Rashba and Tur and Maharil, and see above, siman 36, se'if 7, and other authorities), and such is the custom — to declare blisters fit in every case, provided they are not adjacent to one another.

Se’if 2ב׳

אִם סִרְכָא תְּלוּיָה יוֹצְאָה מִן הַבּוּעָה, טְרֵפָה. הַגָּה: וְהוּא הַדִּין בּוּעָה הָעוֹמֶדֶת בִּמְקוֹם שְׁאָר רֵעוּתָא, אַף עַל פִּי דְּכָשֵׁר בְּלָאו הָכִי, כְּגוֹן בְּגַבְשׁוּשִׁית אוֹ בְּמָקוֹם דְּמַשְׁמַעַת קוֹל אוֹ שֶׁהַבּוּעָה בְּעַצְמָהּ מַשְׁמַעַת קוֹל, טְרֵפָה. (מָצָא כָּתוּב).

If a hanging sircha (an adhesion on the lung) goes out from the blister, it is a tereifah. Hagah [Rema]: And the same law applies to a blister that stands in the place of some other defect — even though it would be fit were it not for this — such as on a mound, or in a place that gives out a sound, or where the blister itself gives out a sound: it is a tereifah. (Matza Katuv.)

Se’if 3ג׳

אִם יֵשׁ בָּהּ שְׁתֵּי אֲבַּעְבּוּעוֹת סְמוּכוֹת זוֹ לָזוֹ, אֲסוּרָה, אֲפִלּוּ מְלֵאוֹת מַיִם זַכִּים; וְאִם הִיא אַחַת וְנִרְאֵית כִּשְׁתַּיִם, נוֹקְבִים אוֹתָהּ בא' מִצִּדֶּיהָ, אִם שׁוֹפְכוֹת לְמָקוֹם אֶחָד, אַחַת הִיא וּכְשֵׁרָה; וְאִם לָאו, שְׁתַּיִם הֵם וּטְרֵפָה, וְהָנֵי מִלֵּי כְּשֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם מֻגְלָא אוֹ מַיִם, אֲבָל אִם הֵם צְמָחִים קָשִׁים, הַגָּה: וְהוּא הַדִּין מֻרְסָא שֶׁבָּרֵאָה, דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁקְּרוּם הָרֵאָה מְכַסֶּה אוֹתָהּ וְאֵינָהּ גְּבוֹהָה מִבְּשַׂר הָרֵאָה (מהרי"ו וּשְׁאָר אַחֲרוֹנִים), אַף עַל גַּב דִּסְמִיכֵי, כְּשֵׁרָה. הַגָּה: וְלֹא מִקְּרֵי סְמִיכִי אֶלָּא שֶׁאֵין בֵּינֵיהֶם כִּשְׁנֵי חוּטֵי שֵׂעָר לְאַחַר שֶׁנִּפְּחוּ הָרֵאָה (תּוֹסָפוֹת וְהַגָּהוֹת אֲשֵׁרִי וְעוֹד פּוֹסְקִים), וְהוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה בַּמֶּה שֶּׁמַּפְרִישׁ בֵּינֵיהֶם מַרְאֵה רֵאָה (מ"כ וּבד"י בְּשֵׁם מהרא"ק), יֵשׁ מַכְשִׁירִין אֲפִלּוּ תְּרֵי בּוּעֵי דִּסְמִיכֵי, אִם הַמַּיִם שֶׁבָּהֶם זַכִּים, צְלוּלִים וּמְתוּקִים (רַשְׁבַּ"ם וְרִיבָ"שׁ וּמָרְדְּכַי וְעוֹד פּוֹסְקִים ומהרי"ו) ; וְיֵשׁ לֵילֵךְ בָּזֶה אַחַר הַמִּנְהָג (ד"ע דִּקְדֵּק בְּמַהֲרִי"ל שכ"כ בְּשִׁפּוּלֵי), אוֹ לְפִי עִנְיַן הַהֶפְסֵד וּשְׁעַת הַדַּחַק. וּבוּעֵי בְּשִׁפּוּלֵי רֵאָה וּבְמַיִם זַכִּים, דִּינָן כְּמוֹ בִּסְמִיכֵי (ד"ע מִמַּשְׁמָעוּת הַפּוֹסְקִים). בּוּעָה עַל חָרִיץ וְקֶמֶט, טְרֵפָה, דְּהָוֵי כִּשְׁנֵי בּוּעֵי דִּסְמִיכֵי (מ"כ). ב' בּוּעוֹת זֶה כְּנֶגֶד זֶה, בֵּין ב' אוּנוֹת, כְּשֵׁרָה; אֲבָל בּוּעָה נֶגֶד טִינָרֵי, כְּהַאי גַּוְנָא, טְרֵפָה, דְּהַטִינָרֵי קָשָׁה וּמְנַקֶּבֶת הַבּוּעָה שֶׁכְּנֶגְדָּהּ (מ"כ). בּוּעֵי וְטִינָרֵי סְמוּכִים זֶה אֵצֶל זֶה, כָּשֵׁר (ד"ע).

If there are in it two blisters adjacent to one another, it is forbidden, even if they are full of clear water. And if it is one and appears as two, they perforate it on one of its sides: if they pour out into one place, it is one and it is fit; and if not, they are two and it is a tereifah. And these words apply where there is pus or water in them; but if they are hard growths — Hagah [Rema]: and the same law applies to an abscess in the lung, that is, where the membrane of the lung covers it and it is not higher than the flesh of the lung (Maharyu and the other later authorities) — even though they are adjacent, it is fit. Hagah [Rema]: And they are not called adjacent unless there is not between them the breadth of two hairs after they have inflated the lung (Tosafot and Hagahot Asheri and other authorities), and that is where in what separates between them there is the appearance of lung (Matza Katuv and Bedek haBayit in the name of Maharak). There are those who declare it fit even in the case of two blisters that are adjacent, if the water in them is clear, limpid and sweet (Rashbam and Rivash and Mordechai and other authorities and Maharyu); and in this one should follow the custom (his own opinion; he inferred this from Maharil, who wrote thus with regard to the lower edges), or according to the matter of the loss and the time of pressing need. And blisters at the lower edges of the lung, and with clear water — their law is like that of adjacent ones (his own opinion, from the sense of the authorities). A blister upon a furrow or a crease is a tereifah, for it is as two adjacent blisters (Matza Katuv). Two blisters over against one another, between two unot (the lobes of the lung), it is fit; but a blister over against a tinari (a hard growth on the lung), in such a case, is a tereifah, for the tinari is hard and perforates the blister that is over against it (Matza Katuv). Blisters and a tinari adjacent one beside the other — it is fit (his own opinion).

Se’if 4ד׳

אֲבַּעְבּוּעַ שֶׁנִּמְצָא בְּשִׁפּוּלֵי הָרֵאָה נוֹהֲגִין לֶאֱסֹר, אִם אֵין בָּשָׂר כָּל שֶׁהוּא מַקִּיף בְּכָל צַד וְדַוְקָא בּוּעָה, אֲבָל טִינָרֵי כָּשֵׁר בְּשִׁפּוּלֵי רֵאָה (דַּעַת עַצְמוֹ וּמַהֲרִ"י וְהַג"מ) ; וְשִׁפּוּלֵי הַיְינוּ תַחְתִּית הָאוּמָא אוֹ הָאוּנָא, אֲבָל לֹא הַחֲתוּכִים שֶׁבֵּין אוּנָא לְאוּנָא הַגָּה: וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דִּבְכָל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ שָׁם חִדּוּד מִקְרֵי שִׁפּוּלֵי רֵאָה, (מהרי"ו וּסְמַ"ק וְכָל בּוֹ) וְלָכֵן יֵשׁ לְהַטְרִיף אֲפִלּוּ לְמַעְלָה בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁהָרֵיאָה דְּבוּקָה לַשִּׁדְרָה, אִם הוּא נֶגֶד חִתּוּךְ הָאוּנוֹת שֶׁעֲדַיִן הָרֵאָה שָׁם חַדָּה וְנִקְרָא שִׁפּוּלֵי; אֲבָל נֶגֶד הָאוּמוֹת כָּשֵׁר, דְּלָא הֲוֵי שָׁם שִׁפּוּלֵי, דְּשָׁם הָרֵאָה רְחָבָה (בִּבְדִיקוֹת), וְיֵשׁ לֵילֵךְ בָּזֶה אַחַר הַמִּנְהָג. וְאִם אֵין חוּט בָּשָׂר מַקִּיף, נוֹפְחִין אוֹתָהּ וּמְמַשְׁמְשִׁין לְצַד בּוּעָה, אִם עַל יְדֵי כָּךְ חוּט בָּשָׂר מַקִּיף, כְּשֵׁרָה (בֵּית יוֹסֵף), וְהוּא (שֶׁיְּהֵא) בַּהֶקֵּף מִבְּשַׂר מַרְאֵה רֵאָה; (בד"י בְּשֵׁם מהרא"ק) וְאִם לֹא הָיָה בַּהֶקֵּף מַרְאֵה בָּשָׂר, וּבָאוּ אַחַר כָּךְ בּוֹדְקִים וּמֻמְחִים וּנְפָחוּהָ וּמִשְׁמְשׁוּ בָּהּ, וְעַל יְדֵי בְּקִיאוּתָן וְכֹחָן יָפֶה שֶׁנָּפְחוּ הֵיטֵב וּמִשְׁמְשׁוּ בִּבְקִיאוּת עָשׂוּ שֶׁהָיָה שָׁם הֶקֵּף בָּשָׂר, כָּשֵׁר (בֵּית יוֹסֵף סי' ל"ט בְּשֵׁם תְּשׁוּבַת ריב"ן וְהָרֹא"שׁ מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁהָיָה).

A blister that is found at the lower edges of the lung — they are accustomed to forbid it if there is no flesh at all encircling it on every side. And this is specifically a blister; but a tinari is fit at the lower edges of the lung (his own opinion and Mahari and Hagahot Maimoni). And the lower edges means the bottom of the uma (the main body of the lung) or of the una, but not the cut edges that are between one una and another. Hagah [Rema]: And there are those who say that any place where there is a sharp edge is called the lower edges of the lung (Maharyu and Semak and Kol Bo); and therefore it is to be declared a tereifah even above, in the place where the lung is attached to the spine, if it is over against the cut of the unot, where the lung is still sharp there and is called the lower edges. But over against the umot it is fit, for the lower edges are not there, since the lung is broad there (Bedikot); and in this one should follow the custom. And if there is no thread of flesh encircling it, they inflate it and handle it toward the side of the blister: if by this means a thread of flesh encircles it, it is fit (Beit Yosef) — and that is where the encirclement is of flesh with the appearance of lung (Bedek haBayit in the name of Maharak). And if there was not in the encirclement the appearance of flesh, and afterwards examiners and experts came and inflated it and handled it, and through their expertise and their good strength — in that they inflated it well and handled it with expertise — they brought it about that there was an encirclement of flesh there, it is fit (Beit Yosef, siman 39, in the name of a responsum of Rivan, and the Rosh, an incident that occurred).

Se’if 5ה׳

בּוּעָה בָּרֵאָה וְנִכֶּרֶת בְּעֵבֶר אַחֵר, אַף עַל גַּב דְּלֹא שָׁפִיכֵי אַהֲדָדֵי, כְּשֵׁרָה. הַגָּה: וְהוּא דְּלָא קַיְמֵי בִּמְקוֹם סִמְפּוֹנוֹת, אֲבָל אִי קַיְמֵי בִּמְקוֹם סִמְפּוֹנוֹת דְּהַיְנוּ ב' אֶצְבָּעוֹת מִן הַשִּׁפּוּלֵי בְּדַקָּה וְד' בְּגַסָּה, נָהֲגוּ לְהַטְרִיף (מהרי"ו וְעַיִּןִ ס"ק כ"ו), וְאֵין לְשַׁנּוֹת, וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּמַיִם זַכִּים בְּבוּעָה (מהרי"ק שֹׁרֶשׁ ל"ו וְד"ע) ; וְדַוְקָא דְּשָׁפְכֵי לַהֲדָדֵי, אֲבָל אִי לֹא שָׁפְכֵי לַהֲדָדִי, כָּשֵׁר (מהרי"ו שָׁם) אֲפִלּוּ בְּעֲכוּרִים וּסְרוּחִים (ד"ע וכ"מ הפו'). בּוּעָה שֶׁהִיא תַּחַת הַוַּרְדָא בַּמָּקוֹם הַדַּק, וְיֵשׁ שָׁם סִמְפּוֹן, טְרֵפָה, דְּנִכֶּרֶת מֵעֵבֶר לְעֵבֶר (מ"כ ומהרי"ו). טִינָרֵי הַנִּכֶּרֶת מֵעֵבֶר לְעֵבֶר, דִּינָהּ כְּבּוּעָה (בְּדִיקוֹת יְשָׁנִים), וע"ל סִימָן מ"ב אֵיזֶהוּ מִקְרֵי שׁוֹפְכוֹת לַהֲדָדֵי.

A blister in the lung that is discernible on the other side — even though they do not pour into one another, it is fit. Hagah [Rema]: And that is where they do not stand in the place of the simponot (the hollow tubes within the lung); but if they stand in the place of the simponot — that is, two fingers' breadth from the lower edges in small cattle and four in large cattle — they were accustomed to declare it a tereifah (Maharyu, and see se'if katan 26), and it is not to be changed, even where the water in the blister is clear (Maharik, shoresh 36, and his own opinion). And this is specifically where they pour into one another; but if they do not pour into one another, it is fit (Maharyu there), even where they are turbid and foul (his own opinion, and so is the sense of the authorities). A blister that is beneath the varda (the rose-shaped lobe of the lung) at the thin place, and there is a simpon there, is a tereifah, for it is discernible from one side to the other (Matza Katuv and Maharyu). A tinari that is discernible from one side to the other — its law is like that of a blister (Bedikot Yeshanim). And see below, siman 42, what is called pouring into one another.

…and 2 more se'ifim in this siman.

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Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah — Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English rendered from the Hebrew for this app — The Gematria's own rendering program. A rendering of the words, not a ruling; practical halacha is learned with a rav