יורה דעה רצ״זYoreh De'ah 297

Se’if 1א׳

הַזּוֹרֵעַ שְׁנֵי מִינֵי זְרָעִים כְּאֶחָד בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, לוֹקֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: שָׂדְךָ לֹא תִזְרַע כִּלְאָיִם (וַיִּקְרָא יט, יט) וְאֶחָד הַזּוֹרֵעַ (אוֹ הַמְּנַכֵּשׁ) אוֹ הַמְּחַפֶּה, כְּגוֹן שֶׁהָיְתָה חִטָּה אַחַת וּשְׂעוֹרָה אַחַת, אוֹ פּוֹל אֶחָד וַעֲדָשָׁה אַחַת מֻנָּחִים עַל הָאָרֶץ וְחִפָּה אוֹתָם בְּעָפָר בֵּין בְּיָדוֹ בֵּין בְּרַגְלוֹ, לוֹקֶה. וְאֶחָד הַזּוֹרֵעַ בָּאָרֶץ אוֹ בְּעָצִיץ נָקוּב. אֲבָל הַזּוֹרֵעַ בְּעָצִיץ שֶׁאֵינוֹ נָקוּב, מַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדוּת.

One who sows two kinds of seed together in the Land of Israel is flogged, for it is said: "you shall not sow your field in mingled kinds" (Leviticus 19:19). And the same applies to one who sows (or who weeds) or who covers — for example, where there was one grain of wheat and one of barley, or one bean and one lentil, lying on the ground, and he covered them with earth, whether with his hand or with his foot — he is flogged. And the same applies whether one sows in the ground or in a pierced flowerpot. But one who sows in a flowerpot that is not pierced — they give him makkat mardut (a flogging of chastisement).

Se’if 2ב׳

אָסוּר לִזְרֹעַ כִּלְאַיִם לְעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים, וּמֻתָּר לוֹמַר לְעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים לִזְרֹעַ לוֹ כִּלְאֵי זְרָעִים, וְאָסוּר לְקַיֵּם בְּשָׂדֵהוּ, אֶלָּא עוֹקְרָן. וְאִם קִיְּמָן, אֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה. וּמֻתָּר לְיִשְׂרָאֵל לִזְרֹעַ כִּלְאֵי זְרָעִים, בְּיָדוֹ, בְּחוּץ לָאָרֶץ, וַאֲפִלּוּ לְעָרֵב הַזְּרָעִים לְכַתְּחִלָּה וּלְזָרְעָם בְּחוּץ לָאָרֶץ, מֻתָּר. וּדְבָרִים אֵלּוּ דִּבְרֵי קַבָּלָה.

It is forbidden to sow kilayim (the forbidden mingling of diverse kinds) for an idolater (oved kokhavim — the standing term for a gentile), and it is permitted to tell an idolater to sow mingled seeds for him. And it is forbidden to let them stand in his field; rather, he uproots them. And if he let them stand, he is not flogged. And an Israelite is permitted to sow mingled seeds, with his own hand, outside the Land; and even to mix the seeds at the outset and to sow them outside the Land is permitted. And these things are words of received tradition.

Se’if 3ג׳

אֵין אָסוּר מִשּׁוּם כִּלְאֵי זְרָעִים אֶלָּא הַזְּרָעִים הָרְאוּיִין לְמַאֲכַל אָדָם, אֲבָל עֲשָׂבִים הַמָּרִים וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָהֶם, מִן הָעִקָּרִים שֶׁאֵינָם רְאוּיִים אֶלָּא לִרְפוּאָה וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן, אֵין בָּהֶן מִשּׁוּם כִּלְאֵי זְרָעִים. הַזֵּרְעוֹנִים מִתְחַלְּקִים לְג' חֲלָקִים, הָאֶחָד נִקְרָא תְּבוּאָה וְהֵם חֲמֵשֶׁת מִינֵי דָּגָן. וְהַשֵּׁנִי נִקְרָא קִטְנִית, כְּגוֹן הַפּוֹל וְהָאֲפוּנִים וְהָעֲדָשִׁים וְהָאֹרֶז וְהַדֹּחַן וְהַשֻּׁמְשְׁמִין וְהַפַּרְגִין וְהַסַפִּיר (פי' כְּעֵין רִמּוֹן מָלֵא זְרָעִים פשאור"ו בְּלַעַז וּפֵרוּשׁ סַפִּיר מִין קָטְנִית ציצירק"ל בְּלַעַ"ז) וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן, וְהַג' נִקְרָא זֵרְעוֹנֵי גִּנָּה, וְהֵם שְׁאָר זְרָעִים שֶׁאֵינָם רְאוּיִים לְמַאֲכַל אָדָם, וְהַפְּרִי שֶׁל אוֹתוֹ הַזֶּרַע מַאֲכַל אָדָם, כְּגוֹן זֶרַע הַבְּצָלִים וְהַשּׁוּמִין וְזֶרַע הֶחָצִיר וְזֶרַע לֶפֶת וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן. וְזֶרַע הַפִּשְׁתָּן הֲרֵי הוּא בִּכְלַל זֵרְעוֹנֵי גִּנָּה.

Nothing is forbidden on account of mingled seeds except the seeds that are fit for human food; but bitter grasses and the like of them, of the roots that are fit only for healing and the like of them, have nothing in them on account of mingled seeds. Seeds are divided into three classes. The first is called grain, and they are the five kinds of grain. The second is called legumes, such as the bean, and peas, and lentils, and rice, and millet, and sesame, and poppy, and the sapir (that is, like a pomegranate full of seeds, peshauro in the vernacular; and the meaning of sapir: a kind of legume, tzitzirkal in the vernacular), and the like of them. And the third is called garden seeds, and they are the other seeds that are not fit for human food while the fruit of that seed is human food, such as the seed of onions, and garlic, and leek seed, and turnip seed, and the like of them. And flax seed is included among the garden seeds.