יורה דעה רצ״דYoreh De'ah 294

Siman 294 of 402 in Yoreh De'ah — 28 se'ifim

Se’if 1א׳

הַנּוֹטֵעַ עֵץ מַאֲכָל, מוֹנֶה לוֹ ג' שָׁנִים מֵעֵת נְטִיעָתוֹ, וְכָל הַפֵּרוֹת שֶׁיִּהְיוּ בּוֹ בְּתוֹךְ ג' שָׁנִים אֲסוּרִין בַּהֲנָאָה לְעוֹלָם, בֵּין עִקַּר הַפְּרִי בֵּין הַגַּרְעִינִים בֵּין הַקְּלִפּוֹת, כְּגוֹן קְלִפֵּי אֱגוֹזִים וְרִמּוֹנִים, וְהָנֵּץ שֶׁלָּהֶם, וְהַזַּגִּין וְהַגַּרְעִינִין שֶׁל עֲנָבִים, וְהַתֶּמֶד הֶעָשׂוּי מֵהֶם, וְהַפַּגִים וְהַתְּמָרִים שֶׁאֵינָם מִתְבַּשְּׁלִים, וְהָעֲנָבִים שֶׁלָּקוּ וְאֵין נִגְמָרִים בְּבִשּׁוּלָן, כֻּלָּם חַיָּבִים בְּעָרְלָה וּפְטוּרִים מֵרְבָעי. וְיֵשׁ מִי שֶׁאוֹסֵר תְּמָרִים שֶׁאֵינָם מִתְבַּשְּׁלִים אַף בִּרְבָעי.

One who plants a food tree counts three years for it from the time of its planting, and all the fruit that it bears within the three years is forbidden in benefit for ever — whether the fruit itself, or the kernels, or the peels, such as the shells of nuts and of pomegranates, and their blossom, and the skins and the pips of grapes, and the temed (the drink made by steeping the husks and lees of grapes in water) made from them, and unripe figs, and dates that do not ripen, and grapes that were blighted and do not come to their full ripening: all of them are liable to orlah (the fruit of a tree's first three years, forbidden in use) and exempt from the law of the fourth year. And there is one who forbids dates that do not ripen under the law of the fourth year as well.

Se’if 2ב׳

אֲבָל הֶעָלִים וְהַלּוּלָבִים וּמֵי גְּפָנִים, דְּהַיְנוּ כְּשֶׁחוֹתְכִין הַגֶּפֶן נוֹטֵף מִמֶּנּוּ כְּמוֹ מַיִם, מֻתָּרִים מִשּׁוּם עָרְלָה.

But the leaves, and the young shoots, and the sap of vines — that is, when they cut the vine something like water drips from it — are permitted as regards orlah.

Se’if 3ג׳

הָאֶבְיוֹנוֹת וְהַתְּמָרוֹת (וְהַקַפְרִיסִין) שֶׁל צָלָף חַיָּבִים בְּעָרְלָה. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֲבָל בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, הָאֶבְיוֹנוֹת חַיָּבִים וּתְמָרוֹת וְקַפְרִיסִין פְּטוּרִים.

The evyonot (the caper berries themselves) and the young shoots (and the kaprisin) of the caper bush are liable to orlah. In what case are these words said? In the Land of Israel; but outside the Land, the evyonot are liable, and the young shoots and the kaprisin (the rind that encloses the berry) are exempt.

Se’if 4ד׳

ג' שָׁנִים הַלָּלוּ אֵינָם נִמְנִים מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם, אֶלָּא הוֹלְכִים בָּהֶם אַחַר שְׁנוֹת הָעוֹלָם שֶׁהוּא מַתְחִיל מִתִּשְׁרֵי, וְאִם נִתְעַבְּרָה נִתְעַבְּרָה לְעָרְלָה וְלִרְבָעי. וּפְעָמִים שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים וּמ"ד יוֹם, וּפְעָמִים שֶׁהֵם יְתֵרִים עַל ג' שָׁנִים. כֵּיצַד, נָטַע מִקֹּדֶם ט"ז בְּאָב, שֶׁנִּשְׁאַר עֲדַיִן מ"ד יוֹם עַד רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ תִּשְׁרֵי, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ תִּשְׁרֵי עָלְתָה לָהּ שָׁנָה וּמוֹנֶה עוֹד שְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים. וְאִם נָטַע בְּיוֹם ט"ז, וּמִיּוֹם ט"ז וָאֵילָךְ, מוֹנֶה מֵרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ תִּשְׁרֵי הַבָּא ג' שָׁנִים שְׁלֵמִים. וּלְאַחַר רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ תִּשְׁרֵי שֶׁל שָׁנָה רְבִיעִית, כָּל הַפֵּרוֹת שֶׁיַּחְנְטוּ בּוֹ קֹדֶם ט"וּ בִּשְׁבָט יֵשׁ לָהֶם גַּם כֵּן דִּין עָרְלָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּגְמָרִים אַחַר כָּךְ. וְהַנֶּחְנָטִים בּוֹ מִטּ"וּ בִּשְׁבָט שֶׁל שָׁנָה רְבִיעִית עַד ט"וּ בִּשְׁבָט שֶׁל שָׁנָה חֲמִישִׁית, נִקְרָאִים רְבָעי. וּלְאַחַר ט"וּ בִּשְׁבָט שֶׁל שָׁנָה חֲמִישִׁית הֵם חֻלִּין גְּמוּרִים.

These three years are not counted from day to day, but rather follow the years of the world, which begin from Tishrei. If a year is intercalated (i.e., a leap year with an extra month), it is intercalated for the purposes of orlah (the prohibition on eating fruit from a tree in its first three years) and revai (the fourth-year fruit that has special rules). Sometimes, it is only two years and 44 days, and sometimes it exceeds three years. How so? If one planted [a tree] before the 16th of Av, when there are still 44 days left until Rosh Chodesh Tishrei (the first of Tishrei), once Rosh Chodesh Tishrei arrives, it is considered as if a year has passed for it, and then two more years are counted. But if one planted on the 16th of Av or later, one must count three full years from the upcoming Rosh Chodesh Tishrei. After Rosh Chodesh Tishrei of the fourth year, all fruits that begin to form before the 15th of Shevat still have the status of orlah, even if they ripen afterward. Those that begin to form from the 15th of Shevat of the fourth year until the 15th of Shevat of the fifth year are called revai. After the 15th of Shevat of the fifth year, they are completely chullin (ordinary fruit, free of restrictions).

Se’if 5ה׳

הָא דְּאָמְרִינַן שֶׁלְּאַחַר רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ תִּשְׁרֵי שֶׁל שָׁנָה רְבִיעִית כָּל הַפֵּרוֹת שֶׁחָנְטוּ קֹדֶם ט"וּ בִּשְׁבָט יֵשׁ לָהֶם גַּם כֵּן דִּין עָרְלָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּגְמָרִים אַחַר כָּךְ, דַּוְקָא בִּנְטִיעָה שֶׁהֵקַלְנוּ עָלֶיהָ בִּתְחִלָּתָהּ, שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁעָבְרוּ עָלֶיהָ מ"ד יוֹם עָלְתָה לָהּ שָׁנָה, לְפִיכָךְ הֶחְמַרְנוּ עָלֶיהָ בְּסוֹפָהּ, הָא לָאו הָכִי, לֹא. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּלֹא שְׁנָא.

What we say — that after the New Moon of Tishrei of the fourth year, all fruit that formed before the fifteenth of Shevat also has the law of orlah, even though it ripens afterwards — applies specifically to a planting on which we were lenient at its beginning, in that once forty-four days had passed over it, a year was counted for it; therefore we were stringent with it at its end. Were it not so, no. And there are those who say that there is no difference.

…and 23 more se'ifim in this siman.

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Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah — Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0

English rendered from the Hebrew for this app — The Gematria's own rendering program. A rendering of the words, not a ruling; practical halacha is learned with a rav