יורה דעה רל״גYoreh De'ah 233

Se’if 1א׳

קָטָן בֶּן י"ב שָׁנָה וְיוֹם אֶחָד וּקְטַנָּה בַּת י" א שָׁנָה וְיוֹם אֶחָד, אִם יוֹדְעִים לְשֵׁם מִי נָדְרוּ וְנִשְׁבְּעוּ, נִדְרֵיהֶם נֶדֶר, וּשְׁבוּעָתָם שְׁבוּעָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיאוּ ב' שְׂעָרוֹת. וּבוֹדְקִין שְׁנַת י"ג לְזָכָר וּשְׁנַת י"ב לִנְקֵבָה, וְקֹדֶם שֶׁיֵּשׁ י"ב לְזָכָר וי" א לִנְקֵבָה, אֲפִלּוּ יוֹדְעִים לְשֵׁם מִי נוֹדְרִים אֵינוֹ נֶדֶר. הַגָּה: וְגוֹעֲרִים בָּהֶם וּמַכִּין אוֹתָן שֶׁלֹּא יְלַמְּדוּ לְשׁוֹנָם בִּנְדָרִים וּשְׁבוּעוֹת. וְאִם הוּא דָּבָר קָטָן וְקַל וְאֵין בּוֹ עִנּוּי נֶפֶשׁ, אוֹמְרִים לָהֶם שֶׁיַּעַמְדוּ בְּנִדְרָם וּשְׁבוּעָתָם, כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יַרְגִּילוּ עַצְמָם בָּזֶה (רַמְבַּ"ם פי"ב מה"ש סְמַ"ג וְכָל בּוֹ). וּמִי"ג וְיוֹם אֶחָד וָאֵילָךְ לְזָכָר, וּמִי"ב וְיוֹם אֶחָד לִנְקֵבָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין יוֹדְעִים לְשֵׁם מִי נוֹדְרִים, נִדְרֵיהֶם נֶדֶר.

A minor of twelve years and one day, and a female minor of eleven years and one day — if they know in whose name they vowed and swore, their vows are a vow and their oath is an oath, even though they have not brought forth two hairs. And they examine the thirteenth year for a male and the twelfth year for a female; and before a male has twelve and a female eleven, even if they know in whose name they vow, it is not a vow. Hagah [Rema]: And they rebuke them and beat them, that they should not accustom their tongues to vows and oaths. And if it is a small and light matter, and there is no affliction of the soul in it, they say to them that they should stand by their vow and their oath, so that they shall not accustom themselves to this (the Rambam, chapter 12 of the Laws of Oaths, Semag, and Kol Bo). And from thirteen and one day onward for a male, and from twelve and one day for a female — even though they do not know in whose name they vow, their vows are a vow.