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The Shulchan Aruch · Yoreh De'ah

יורה דעה רל״בYoreh De'ah 232

Siman 232 of 402 in Yoreh De'ah — 20 se'ifim

הלכות נדריםVows· siman 232

Se’if 1א׳

יֵשׁ נְדָרִים שֶׁאֵין צְרִיכִין הַתָּרָה; נִדְרֵי זֵרוּזִין, נִדְרֵי הֲבַאי, נִדְרֵי שְׁגָגוֹת, נִדְרֵי אֳנָסִין וְהַתּוֹלֶה בְּדָבָר וְלֹא נִתְקַיֵּם.

There are vows that require no release: vows of urging, vows of exaggeration, vows of unwitting error, vows of compulsion, and one who makes his vow depend upon a thing and it was not fulfilled.

Se’if 2ב׳

נִדְרֵי זֵרוּזִין כֵּיצַד, הָיָה מוֹכֵר חֵפֶץ לַחֲבֵרוֹ וְאָמַר: קוּנָם עָלַי כִּכָּר זֶה אִם אֶפְחֹת מִסֶלַע, וְאָמַר הַלּוֹקֵחַ: קוּנָם כִּכָּר זֶה עָלַי אִם אוֹסִיף עַל שֶׁקֶל, וְנִתְרַצּוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם בְּג' דִּינָרִים, אוֹ בְּפָחוֹת מְעַט אוֹ יוֹתֵר מְעַט (ר"ן), לֹא נֶאֱסָר שׁוּם אֶחָד מֵהֶם, שֶׁכֵּן דֶּרֶךְ הַתַּגָּרִים לִדֹּר אוֹ לִשָּׁבַע כְּדֵי לְזָרֵז חֲבֵרוֹ, וְאֵין בְּלִבּוֹ לְשׁוּם נֶדֶר. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים אַף עַל גַּב דְּאָמְרִינַן לְזֵרוּזֵי נִתְכַּוְּנוּ, מִכָּל מָקוֹם לֹא יוּכַל הַמּוֹכֵר לִתְּנוֹ בְּשֶׁקֶל וְלֹא יוּכַל הַלּוֹקֵחַ לִקְנוֹתוֹ בְּסֶלַע, (שָׁם בְּשֵׁם י"א) וְיֵשׁ מְקִלִּין (שם). וְדַוִקָא כְּשֶׁאֵין מַעֲמִידִים דִּבְרֵיהֶם, אֶלָּא שְׁנֵיהֶם נִתְרַצּוּ בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה דִּינָרִים, אֲבָל אִם לֹא נִתְרַצּוּ, אֶלָּא זֶה בְּסֶלַע וְזֶה בְּשֶׁקֶל וְנִתְבַּטֵּל הַמִּקָּח, וַדַּאי לְנֶדֶר גָּמוּר נִתְכַּוְּנוּ וְחָל הַנֶּדֶר, וְכָל מִי שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר עַל נִדְרוֹ הֲרֵי חִלֵּל דְּבָרָיו. וְאִם הָאֶחָד הֶעֱמִיד דְּבָרָיו וְהַשֵּׁנִי לֹא הֶעֱמִיד, מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁנִּתְבַּטֵּל לְאֶחָד נִתְבַּטֵּל גַּם לַשֵּׁנִי. וְכָל זֶה מַיְרֵי בִּסְתָם, אֲבָל אִם אוֹמְרִים שֶׁלְּנֶדֶר גָּמוּר נִתְכַּוְּנוּ, הָוֵי נֶדֶר. וְאִם הַמּוֹכֵר אָמַר: קוּנָם אִם אֶפְחֹת מִיּוֹתֵר מִסֶלַע, אוֹ שֶׁאָמַר הַלּוֹקֵחַ: קוּנָם אִם אוֹסִיף לְךָ עַל מְעַט פָּחוֹת מִשֶּׁקֶל וְנִתְרַצּוּ בְּג' דִּינָרִים, הֲרֵי זֶה נֶדֶר, שֶׁאֵין דֶּרֶךְ לְזָרֵז כְּשֶׁמַּפְלִיגִין כָּל כָּךְ, וּלְנֶדֶר גָּמוּר נִתְכַּוְּנוּ. הַגָּה: נָדַר לִשְׁנַיִם שֶׁרוֹצִים לִקְנוֹת מִמֶּנּוּ, וְאָמַר לְאֶחָד מֵהֶם: לְנֶדֶר גָּמוּר כַּוָּנָתִי, וּלְאַחֵר: לְזֵרוּזִין, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהַנֶּדֶר בָּטֵל לְגַבֵּי אֶחָד, בָּטֵל לְגַבֵּי שֵׁנִי הוֹאִיל וְנִקְרָא נֶדֶר אֶחָד לִשְׁנֵיהֶם. (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם הר"ן בְּפי' הַיְּרוּשַׁלְמִי).

How are vows of urging? He was selling an object to his fellow and said: konam (forbidden as an offering is) upon me is this loaf if I come down from a sela; and the buyer said: konam is this loaf upon me if I add above a shekel; and both of them agreed upon three dinars, or upon a little less or a little more (the Ran) — neither of them is forbidden, for such is the way of traders, to vow or to swear in order to urge his fellow on, and he has in his heart no vow of any kind. And there are those who say that although we say they intended to urge one another, in any case the seller cannot give it for a shekel, nor can the buyer buy it for a sela (there, in the name of those who say so), and there are those who are lenient (there). And that is specifically where they do not stand by their words, but both of them agreed upon three dinars; but if they did not agree, but this one held to a sela and this one to a shekel, and the sale was void — certainly they intended a complete vow, and the vow took effect, and whoever transgresses his vow has profaned his words. And if the one stood by his words and the second did not stand by his, since it was void as to the one it is void also as to the second. And all this speaks of a case without qualification; but if they say that they intended a complete vow, it is a vow. And if the seller said: konam if I come down from more than a sela, or the buyer said: konam if I add to you above a little less than a shekel, and they agreed upon three dinars — this is a vow; for it is not the way to urge when they overstate so much, and they intended a complete vow. Hagah [Rema]: He vowed to two men who wished to buy from him, and said to one of them: my intention was a complete vow, and to the other: for urging — since the vow is void as to the one, it is void as to the second, since it is called one vow for both of them. (Beit Yosef in the name of the Ran in his commentary on the Yerushalmi)

Se’if 3ג׳

הַמַּזְמִין אֶת חֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁיֹּאכַל עִמּוֹ, וּמְסָרֵב, וּמַדִּירוֹ אִם אֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל עִמּוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ: קוּנָם שֶׁאֲנִי נֶהֱנֶה לְךָ אִם אֵין אַתָּה מִתְאָרֵחַ עִמִּי וְאוֹכֵל פַּת חַמָּה וְשׁוֹתֶה כּוֹס שֶׁל צוֹנֵן, וְזֶה מְסָרֵב, הֲרֵי זֶה נֶדֶר שֶׁל זֵרוּז. אֲבָל אִם זִמֵּן רְאוּבֵן לְשִׁמְעוֹן לֶאֱכֹל עִמּוֹ, וְהָיוּ מַזְמִינִים אוֹתוֹ גַּם בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר וְחָפֵץ לֶאֱכֹל יוֹתֵר עִם רְאוּבֵן וְאוֹמֵר לוֹ: הַדִּירֵנִי מִנְּכָסֶיךָ אִם לֹא אֹכַל עִמְּךָ כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יַפְצִירוּ בִּי בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר, הֲרֵי זֶה נֶדֶר גָּמוּר. הַגָּה: וְאֵין לְמֵדִין מִדִּינֵי נִדְרֵי זֵרוּזִין לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר, שֶׁאֵין לְ ךָ בָּהֶם אֶלָּא מַה שֶּׁאָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם רַבֵּינוּ יְרוּחָם).

One who invites his fellow to eat with him, and he refuses, and he imposes a vow upon him if he does not eat with him; or who said to him: konam that I have benefit from you if you do not lodge with me and eat warm bread and drink a cup of cold water — and this one refuses: this is a vow of urging. But if Reuven invited Shimon to eat with him, and they were inviting him also in another place, and he desires rather to eat with Reuven, and he says to him: impose a vow upon me from your property if I do not eat with you, so that they shall not press me in another place — this is a complete vow. Hagah [Rema]: And one does not learn from the laws of vows of urging to another case, for you have in them nothing beyond what the Sages said (Beit Yosef in the name of Rabbeinu Yerucham).

…and 15 more se'ifim in this siman.

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Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah — Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English rendered from the Hebrew for this app — The Gematria's own rendering program. A rendering of the words, not a ruling; practical halacha is learned with a rav