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The Shulchan Aruch · Yoreh De'ah

יורה דעה קע״דYoreh De'ah 174

Siman 174 of 402 in Yoreh De'ah — 8 se'ifim

הלכות ריביתInterest· siman 174

Se’if 1א׳

מָכַר שָׂדֶה לַחֲבֵרוֹ וְאָמַר לוֹ: לִכְשֶׁיִּהְיוּ לִי מָעוֹת תַּחֲזִיר לִי קַרְקַע, לֹא קָנָה וְכָל הַפֵּרוֹת שֶׁאָכַל, רִבִּית קְצוּצָה הוּא וּמוֹצִיאִין אוֹתָם בְּדַיָּנִים. הַגָּה: וַאֲפִלּוּ לֹא הִתְנָה כָּךְ, אֶלָּא שֶׁהַמִּנְהָג כֵּן בָּעִיר שֶׁכָּל מִי שֶׁקּוֹנֶה צָרִיךְ לְהַחֲזִיר כְּשֶׁיִּהְיוּ לַמּוֹכֵר מָעוֹת, דְּכָל הַמּוֹכֵר אַדַעְתָּא דְּמִנְהָגָא מוֹכֵר. וְאָסוּר לַלּוֹקֵחַ לֶאֱכֹל הַפֵּרוֹת (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם תְּשׁוּבַת הָרַשְׁבָּ"א). אֲבָל אִם אָמַר לוֹ הַלּוֹקֵחַ מִדַּעְתּוֹ: כְּשֶׁיִּהְיוּ לְךָ מָעוֹת אַחֲזִיר לְךָ הַקַּרְקַע, אֵינוֹ תְּנַאי וְהַמִּקָּח קַיָּם מִיָּד, לְפִיכָךְ הַלּוֹקֵחַ אוֹכֵל פֵּרוֹת. וְאִם כְּשֶׁאָמַר כֵּן הַלּוֹקֵחַ, חֲלָטוֹ מִמֶּנּוּ הַמּוֹכֵר וְחִזְּקוֹ, הֲרֵי הוּא תְּנַאי. אֲבָל כָּל שֶׁעֲשָאוֹ הַלּוֹקֵחַ, וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּתוֹךְ הַמֶּכֶר, וְשָׁתַק הַמּוֹכֵר וְלֹא חִזְּקוֹ, אֵין זֶה תְּנַאי אֶלָּא כְּפִטוּמֵי מִלֵּי, וְהַמֶּכֶר מֶכֶר, הוֹאִיל שֶׁלֹּא עֲשָאוֹ הַמּוֹכֵר שֶׁהָיָה לוֹ לַעֲשׂוֹתוֹ. הַגָּה: וְכֵן אִם מָכַר לוֹ קַרְקַע מֵעַכְשָׁיו וְהִמְתִּין לוֹ הַמָּעוֹת, הַלּוֹקֵחַ מֻתָּר לֶאֱכֹל הַפֵּרוֹת וְהַמּוֹכֵר אָסוּר, דְּבִשְׂכַר הַמְתָּנַת מָעוֹתָיו קָא אָכִיל (טוּר).

He sold a field to his fellow and said to him: when I have money you shall return the land to me — he has not acquired it, and all the produce that he ate is fixed interest, and it is exacted by the judges. Hagah [Rema]: And even if he did not stipulate so, but the custom in the city is such, that whoever buys must return it when the seller has money — for whoever sells, sells with the custom in mind — it is forbidden for the buyer to eat the produce (Beit Yosef in the name of a responsum of the Rashba). But if the buyer said of his own accord: when you have money I will return you the land, it is not a condition and the sale stands forthwith; therefore the buyer eats the produce. And if, when the buyer said so, the seller bound him to it and made it firm, this is a condition. But whatever the buyer made, even in the midst of the sale, and the seller was silent and did not make it firm — this is not a condition but as mere words, and the sale is a sale, since the seller, who should have made it, did not make it. Hagah [Rema]: And likewise if he sold him land from now and waited for him for the money, the buyer is permitted to eat the produce and the seller is forbidden, for it is as the hire of the waiting for his money that he eats (Tur).

Se’if 2ב׳

מָכַר לוֹ שָׂדֶה בְּמָנֶה וּבְאוֹתוֹ יוֹם עָשָׂה לוֹ שְׁטָר, שֶׁאִם יַחֲזִיר לוֹ מָעוֹתָיו יַחֲזִיר לוֹ שְׁטַר הַמֶּכֶר, אִם נַעֲשָׂה תְּנַאי זֶה קֹדֶם הַמֶּכֶר, אוֹ בִּשְׁעַת הַמֶּכֶר, אֵין לוֹ דִּין מֶכֶר אֶלָּא דִּין הַלְוָאָה, וְהַלּוֹקֵחַ חַיָּב לְהַחֲזִיר כָּל מַה שֶּׁאָכַל. אֲבָל אִם נַעֲשָׂה לְאַחַר הַמִּקָּח, אֲפִלּוּ שָׁעָה אַחַת, הֲרֵי זֶה מֶכֶר גָּמוּר. וַאֲפִלּוּ עָשָׂה לוֹ שְׁטָר עַל זֶה בְּקִנְיָן וּבְכָל מִינֵי חִזּוּקִים, חֶסֶד הוּא שֶׁרוֹצֶה לְהִתְחַסֵד עִמּוֹ וּלְהַחֲזִיר לוֹ מִקְּחוֹ (תְּשׁוּבַת הָרַשְׁבָּ"א הָג"א בְּשֵׁם ר"ח וּבֵית יוֹסֵף בח"ה סי' ר"ז סי"א לָדַעַת הָרַמְבַּ"ם).

He sold him a field for a maneh, and on that same day made him a document that if he returns him his money he shall return him the document of sale: if this condition was made before the sale, or at the hour of the sale, it has not the law of a sale but the law of a loan, and the buyer is obliged to return all that he ate. But if it was made after the sale, even an hour later, this is a complete sale; and even if he made him a document upon it with a kinyan and with all manner of confirmations, it is a kindness that he wishes to do with him, to return him his purchase (a responsum of the Rashba; Hagahot Asheri in the name of Rabbeinu Chananel; and Beit Yosef in Choshen Mishpat, siman 207, se'if 11, according to the view of the Rambam).

Se’if 3ג׳

הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ: קְנֵה לִי שָׂדֶה מִפְּלוֹנִי, וְאָמַר הַמּוֹכֵר לַשָּׁלִיחַ: אֲנִי מוֹכֵר לְךָ עַל תְּנַאי שֶׁיַּחֲזִירֶנּוּ לִי כְּשֶׁיִּהְיוּ לִי מָעוֹת, וְהֵשִׁיב הַשָּׁלִיחַ: אַתָּה וְהַלּוֹקֵחַ חֲבֵרִים בְּטוֹב תִּתְפַּשְּׁרוּ, אֵינוֹ מוֹכֵר אֶלָּא עַל זֶה הַתְּנַאי וְצָרִיךְ לְהַחֲזִירָהּ, וּמוֹצִיאִים מִמֶּנּוּ פֵּרוֹת שֶׁאָכַל. וְעַיֵּן בח "מ סִימָן ר"ז אֵיזֶה תְּנַאי מְבַטֵּל מִקָּח.

One who says to his fellow: buy me a field from such a one; and the seller said to the agent: I sell to you on condition that he return it to me when I have money; and the agent answered: you and the buyer are friends, you will come to a good settlement — he sells only on this condition, and he must return it, and we exact from him the produce that he ate. And see in Choshen Mishpat, siman 207, which condition annuls a sale.

…and 3 more se'ifim in this siman.

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Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah — Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English rendered from the Hebrew for this app — The Gematria's own rendering program. A rendering of the words, not a ruling; practical halacha is learned with a rav