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The Shulchan Aruch · Yoreh De'ah

יורה דעה קע״גYoreh De'ah 173

Siman 173 of 402 in Yoreh De'ah — 19 se'ifim

הלכות ריביתInterest· siman 173

Se’if 1א׳

מָכַר לַחֲבֵרוֹ דָּבָר שֶׁשָּׁוֶה עֲשָׂרָה זְהוּבִים בְּי"ב, בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁמַּמְתִּין לוֹ, אָסוּר. אֲפִלּוּ אִם הַמּוֹכֵר עָשִׁיר וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לַמָּעוֹת וְלֹא הָיְתָה הַסְחוֹרָה נִפְסֶדֶת אֶצְלוֹ. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּדָבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ שַׁעַר יָדוּעַ אוֹ דָּבָר שֶׁשּׁוּמָתוֹ יָדוּעַ, כְּמוֹ פִּלְפֵּל אוֹ שַׁעֲוָה, אֲבָל טַלִּית וְכַיּוֹצֵא בוֹ שֶׁאֵין לוֹ שַׁעַר יָדוּעַ וְאֵין שׁוּמָתוֹ יָדוּעַ, מֻתָּר לְמָכְרוֹ בְּיֹקֶר לִפְרֹעַ לִזְמַן פְּלוֹנִי, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יֹאמַר לוֹ בְּפֵרוּשׁ: אִם תִּתֵּן לִי מִיָּד הֲרֵי הוּא לְךָ בַּעֲשָׂרָה זְהוּבִים, וְאִם לִזְמַן פְּלוֹנִי בְּי"ב. וְיֵשׁ מִי שֶׁאוֹמֵר שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ אֵינוֹ מְפָרֵשׁ בְּהֶדְיָא אֵין הֶתֵּר אֶלָּא בַּמַּעֲלֵהוּ מְעַט, אֲבָל אִם מַעֲלֵהוּ הַרְבֵּה עַד שֶׁנִּכָּר לַכֹּל שֶׁבִּשְׁבִיל הַמְתָּנַת הַמָּעוֹת הוּא מַעֲלֵהוּ, הֲוָה לֵהּ כִּמְפָרֵשׁ וְאָסוּר. הַגָּה: דָּבָר הַנִּמְכָּר בַּעֲשָׂרָה וְלִפְעָמִים כְּשֶׁבָּאִים שָׂרִים לָעִיר נִמְכָּר בְּי"ב, אִם רְגִילוּת בְּרֹב פְּעָמִים שֶׁבָּאִין הַשָּׂרִים לָעִיר, מֻתָּר לְמָכְרוֹ בְּי"ב. (הַגָּהוֹת מָרְדְּכַי פֶּרֶק א"נ).

He sold to his fellow a thing that is worth ten gold pieces for twelve, because he waits for him — it is forbidden; even if the seller is rich and does not need the money, and the merchandise was not going to spoil with him. In what case are these words said? In a thing that has a known rate, or a thing whose valuation is known, such as pepper or wax; but a cloak and the like, which has no known rate and whose valuation is not known, it is permitted to sell it dear, to be paid at such-and-such a time — provided only that he does not say to him expressly: if you give me immediately it is yours for ten gold pieces, and if at such-and-such a time, for twelve. And there is one who says that even where he does not state it explicitly there is no permission save where he raises it a little; but if he raises it much, until it is recognisable to all that it is on account of the waiting for the money that he raises it, it is as though he stated it, and it is forbidden. Hagah [Rema]: A thing that is sold for ten, and sometimes, when the officers come to the city, is sold for twelve: if it is usual in the greater number of times that the officers come to the city, it is permitted to sell it for twelve. (Hagahot Mordechai, chapter "Which is interest")

Se’if 2ב׳

הָיוּ לוֹ פֵּרוֹת שֶׁאִם יִרְצֶה לְמָכְרָם בַּשּׁוּק וְלִקַּח דְּמֵיהֶם מִיָּד, מוֹכְרָם בְּי', וְאִם תָּבַע אוֹתָם הַלּוֹקֵחַ לִקְנוֹתָם וְיִתֵּן הַמָּעוֹת מִיָּד, יִקְנֶה אוֹתָם בְּי"ב, הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר.

He had produce such that, if he wished to sell it in the market and take its price immediately, he would sell it for ten; and if the buyer asked for it, to buy it and give the money immediately, he would buy it for twelve — this is permitted.

Se’if 3ג׳

מָכַר לוֹ סְחוֹרָה בְּי"ב עַל מְנָת לְפָרְעוֹ לְאַחַר זְמַן, יָכוֹל לוֹמַר לוֹ: תִּפְרַע לִי מִיָּד, וְלֹא אֶקַּח מִמְּךָ אֶלָּא עֲשָׂרָה. הַגָּה: וְדַוְקָא שֶׁכְּבָר נִגְמַר הַמִּקָּח בְּי"ב וְזָכָה בּוֹ הַלּוֹקֵחַ כְּבַר. (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם נ"י וּמָרְדְּכַי). אֲבָל קֹדֶם שֶׁנִּגְמַר הַמִּקָּח, אִם אָמַר לוֹ: תִּפְרַע לִי עַכְשָׁו י', שׁוּב אָסוּר לִקַּח אַחַר זְמַן י"ב (פִּי' דִּבְרֵי נ"י הַנִּזְכָּר לְדַעַת בֵּית יוֹסֵף), אִם לֹא יִרְצֶה הַלּוֹקֵחַ לִתֵּן עַכְשָׁו.

He sold him merchandise for twelve on condition to pay him after a time — he may say to him: pay me immediately and I will take from you only ten. Hagah [Rema]: And this is specifically where the sale has already been completed at twelve and the buyer has already acquired it. (Beit Yosef in the name of the Nimukei Yosef and the Mordechai) But before the sale has been completed, if he said to him: pay me now, ten — it is thereafter forbidden to take twelve after a time (that is, the words of the Nimukei Yosef mentioned, according to the view of the Beit Yosef), if the buyer does not wish to give now.

…and 14 more se'ifim in this siman.

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Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah — Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English rendered from the Hebrew for this app — The Gematria's own rendering program. A rendering of the words, not a ruling; practical halacha is learned with a rav