Choshen MishpatAll 1,704 simanim of the Shulchan Aruch open with Premium, from $2.60 a month.Become a premium member

The Shulchan Aruch · Choshen Mishpat

חושן משפט פ״גChoshen Mishpat 83

Siman 83 of 427 in Choshen Mishpat — 4 se'ifim

הלכות טוען ונטעןPlaintiff and Defendant· siman 83

Choshen Mishpat is set from the Lemberg 1898 edition, which is unpointed, so the vowels switch has nothing to remove here.

Se’if 1א׳

דין מלוה שהודה בשטר שהוא מזוייף. ובו ד סעיפים: אם המלוה מודה שקבל ממנו דמי השטר אלא שאמר שקבלם בשביל מלוה על פה שהיה לו עליו ואין הלוה מודה באותה מלוה נתבאר בסי' נ"ח:

The law of a lender who admitted that a document is forged; it contains four se'ifim. If the lender admits that he received from him the money of the document, but said that he received it on account of a loan by word of mouth that he had against him, and the borrower does not admit to that loan — it was explained in siman 58.

Se’if 2ב׳

אם הלוה מודה בשתי הלואות ושתיהן עבר זמנן ונתן לו מנה סתם ולא פירש והמלוה אומר שרוצה לחשוב אותם בפרעון החוב שאין לו כח על הלוה כל כך ובאחרת יש לו כח יותר כגון שיש לו ערב והלוה רוצה לחשוב אותם בפרעון המלוה שיש לו בה ערב כי אומר שלאותה נתכוין אין שומעין לו (טור ס"ג בשם בעה"ת) ואפי' אומר בפי' לא אפרע לך אלא מחוב פלו' והמלוה אומר לא אקבלם אלא מחוב אחר הדין עם המלוה: הגה אפילו שתק כשקבלם יכול אח"כ לומר מה ששתקתי כדי שתתן לי המעות ולא אקבלם רק על חוב אחר (ר"ן פ' הכותב) וכן אם שלח עם המלוה מעות לאחרים וקבלם בשתיקה יכול לומר אח"כ אקבלם לעצמי ומה ששתקתי כדי שתתן לי המעות (ב"י סי' נ"ח בשם הרשב"א):

If the borrower admits to two loans, and the term of both has passed, and he gave him a maneh (a hundred zuz) without specifying and did not explain, and the lender says that he wants to count it in repayment of the debt on which he has less power against the borrower, whereas on the other he has more power — for example, he has a guarantor on it — and the borrower wants to count it in repayment of the loan on which he has a guarantor, for he says that this is what he intended — they do not listen to him (Tur, se'if 3, in the name of Ba'al haTerumot). And even if he says explicitly, "I will pay you only from such-and-such a debt", and the lender says, "I will accept them only from another debt", the law is with the lender. Hagah [Rema]: Even if he was silent when he received them, he can say afterwards, "I was silent so that you would give me the money, and I accept them only for the other debt" (the Ran, chapter "One who writes"). And likewise if he sent money with the lender for others, and he received it in silence, he can say afterwards, "I take it for myself, and I was silent so that you would give me the money" (Beit Yosef, siman 58, in the name of the Rashba).

Se’if 3ג׳

אם הלוה אומר מחוב פלו' שפלו' ערב בו נתתים לך ועל מנת כן קבלתם והמלוה אומר לא נתרציתי לקבלם אלא מחוב פלו' שאין לי בו ערב אם החוב שאמר הלוה שפרעו דהוא מלוה על פה נאמן הלוה בשבועת היסת ונפטר הערב אפי' אם היה קבלן ואם שני החובות יש לו עליהם שני שטרות אם לא פרעו בעדים נאמן המלוה במגו דלא היו דברים מעולם ונשבע ונוטל ואם יש בו נאמנות נוטל בלא שבועה ואפי' אם פרעו בעדים ומעידים שבתורת פרעון נתנם לו ואינם יודעים מאיזה שטר נאמן לומר שקבלם בשביל החוב שאין לו בו ערב ונשבע וגובה חובו מהלוה או מהערב ואם יש בו נאמנות גובה בלא שבועה:

If the borrower says, "From such-and-such a debt, for which So-and-so is guarantor, I gave them to you, and on that condition you received them", and the lender says, "I agreed to receive them only from such-and-such a debt, for which I have no guarantor" — if the debt that the borrower said he repaid is a loan by word of mouth, the borrower is believed with the oath of hesset (the oath the Sages imposed on one who denies a claim outright), and the guarantor is exempt, even if he was a kablan (a guarantor from whom the lender may collect directly). And if he has two documents for the two debts — if he did not repay him before witnesses, the lender is believed by a migo (a plea he could have made in which he would have been believed) of "these things never happened", and he swears and takes; and if there is a clause of trust (a clause making the lender believed as to non-payment) in it, he takes without an oath. And even if he repaid him before witnesses, and they testify that he gave it to him by way of repayment and do not know for which document, he is believed to say that he received them on account of the debt for which he has no guarantor, and he swears and collects his debt from the borrower or from the guarantor; and if there is a clause of trust in it, he collects without an oath.

Become a premium member

Or start free — a free account opens your first 5 gematria searches in full. Create free account

The daily learning is free on your account, every day.

Shulchan Aruch, Choshen Mishpat — Lemberg 1898 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English rendered from the Hebrew for this app — The Gematria's own rendering program. A rendering of the words, not a ruling; practical halacha is learned with a rav