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The Shulchan Aruch · Choshen Mishpat

חושן משפט רס״הChoshen Mishpat 265

Siman 265 of 427 in Choshen Mishpat — 1 se'if

הלכות אבידה ומציאהLost Property· siman 265

Choshen Mishpat is set from the Lemberg 1898 edition, which is unpointed, so the vowels switch has nothing to remove here.

Se’if 1א׳

אין ליטול שכר על האבידה. ובו סעיף אחד: הרואה אבידה חייב להחזיר בחנם אם הוא בטל אבל אם היה עוסק במלאכה ובטל ממלאכתו ששוה דינר והחזיר אבידה ששוה מאה דינר לא יאמר לו תן לי דינר שהפסדתי אלא נותן לו שכרו כפועל בטל שיבטל מאותה מלאכה שהיה עוסק בה: הגה ויש מפרשים כפועל בטל כפי מה שרוצה לבטל ולהתעסק בהשבתה כגון שהיה עוסק במלאכה שנותנין עליה ד' דינרין ואם היה בטל לגמרי נוטל דינר ולהתעסק בהשבתה נוטל שני דינרין צריך ליתן ב' דינרין אע"פ שמגיע לו דינר בשכר ההשבה ואם שכר ההשבה הוא יותר ממלאכתו א"צ ליתן לו רק כדי שכר מלאכתו והא דמותר ליקח שכר השבה היינו שאין הבעלים שם ועשה מעצמו והשיב אבל אם שם הבעלים ולא התנה איהו דאפסיד אנפשיה ואין לו אלא כפועל בטל לגמרי ולא מה שהיה נוטל לטרוח בהשבתה (טור) ואם התנה עם הבעלים או בפני ב"ד שיטול מה שיפסיד והרשוהו ה"ז נוטל (וצריך להשיב מאחר שרוצין לשלם דמי הפסדו וגם הם מחוייבים ליתן לו כל מה שפסקו ואפי' אם פסקו לו יותר מן הראוי) (טור) ואם אין שם בעלים ולא ב"ד שלו קודם:

One may not take a fee for a lost object; it contains one se'if. One who sees a lost object is obliged to return it for nothing, if he is idle. But if he was engaged in work, and was idle from his work that is worth a dinar and returned a lost object worth a hundred dinars, he may not say to him, "Give me the dinar that I lost"; rather, the owner gives him his wage as an idle labourer, as one would be paid to be idle from that work in which he was engaged. Hagah [Rema]: And some explain "as an idle labourer": according to what he would want in order to be idle and busy himself with returning it. For example, if he was engaged in work for which they give four dinars, and if he were wholly idle he would take one dinar, and to busy himself with returning it he would take two dinars — he must give him two dinars, even though one dinar is due to him as the fee for returning it. And if the fee for returning it is more than his work, he need give him only as much as the wage of his work. And that which it is permitted to take a fee for returning applies where the owner is not there and he acted of his own accord and returned it; but if the owner is there and he did not stipulate, he brought the loss upon himself, and he has only as an idle labourer wholly idle, and not what he would take to trouble himself with returning it (Tur). And if he stipulated with the owner, or before a court, that he would take whatever he would lose, and they gave him leave, he takes it (and he must return it, since they are willing to pay the value of his loss; and they too are obliged to give him all that they fixed, even if they fixed for him more than is fitting) (Tur). And if neither the owner nor a court is there, his own comes first.

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Shulchan Aruch, Choshen Mishpat — Lemberg 1898 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English rendered from the Hebrew for this app — The Gematria's own rendering program. A rendering of the words, not a ruling; practical halacha is learned with a rav