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The Shulchan Aruch · Choshen Mishpat

חושן משפט ק״יChoshen Mishpat 110

Siman 110 of 427 in Choshen Mishpat — 11 se'ifim

הלכות גביית חוב מהיתומיםEstate Debt· siman 110

Choshen Mishpat is set from the Lemberg 1898 edition, which is unpointed, so the vowels switch has nothing to remove here.

Se’if 1א׳

אין נזקקין לנכסי קטן. ובו יא סעיפים: כבר נתבאר בתחלת סימן ק"ח שאין גובים מיורשי' קטנים שלא הגיעו לי"ג שנה אפי' יש עליהם שטר שום מלוה שאינה על אחד משלשה דרכים שנתבארו שם אפי' היה בו נאמנות ואפי' היה בו כל תנאי שבעולם אין גובים בו אלא א"כ יש עליהם מלוה ברבית שלוה אביהם מעכו"ם שקבל עליו לדון בדיני ישראל שלא יתבע ליתומים עד שיגדילו ולא קבל עליו שלא יקח ריבית: הגה וכן אם ראו בית דין שיש בו שאר תועלת ליתומים לגבות כשהם קטנים כגון שבעל חוב רוצה לוותר קצת ולמחול להם כדי שיגבה עכשיו הרשות ביד ב"ד להגבותו (תשובת ר"ן סי' ל"א) וכן נפרעים מהם כתובת אשה כמו שנתבאר בטור א"ע ואם יש יתומים קטנים וגדולים המלוה נפרע מהגדולים חלק המגיע להם וכדי שיפרע בע"ח מחלק הגדולים צריכין ב"ד להעמיד אפוטרופוס לקטנים ולחלק עם הגדולים ויגבו לב"ח מהגדולים חלקם המגיע להם לפרוע: הגה הא דאין נזקקין לנכסי קטנים היינו שהוא ודאי של קטנים אבל אם יש לספק שמא מורישם עדיין חי אע"פ ששמעו בו שמת גובים מנכסיהם תשו' הנ"ל:

They do not attend to the property of a minor; it contains eleven se'ifim. It has already been explained at the beginning of siman 108 that they do not collect from minor heirs who have not reached thirteen years, even if there is a document against them — of any loan that is not in one of the three ways explained there, even if there was a clause of trust (a clause making the lender believed as to non-payment) in it, and even if every condition in the world was in it — they do not collect by it; unless there is against them a loan at interest that their father borrowed from a gentile who accepted upon himself to be judged by the laws of Israel, not to claim from the orphans until they grow up, but did not accept upon himself not to take interest. Hagah [Rema]: And likewise, if the court saw that there is some other benefit for the orphans in collecting while they are minors — for instance, that the creditor wishes to give up a part and forgive it to them so that he may collect now — the court has the power to have it collected (responsum of the Ran, siman 31). And likewise a woman's ketubah (the sum settled upon her in her marriage contract) is paid from them, as was explained in Tur, Even HaEzer. And if there are minor and adult orphans, the lender is repaid from the adults the portion that falls to them; and so that the creditor may be repaid from the adults' portion, the court must appoint a guardian for the minors, to divide with the adults, and they collect for the creditor from the adults the portion that falls to them to pay. Hagah [Rema]: That they do not attend to the property of minors is where it certainly belongs to the minors; but if there is doubt whether their testator is perhaps still alive, even though they heard that he died, they collect from their property (the responsum mentioned above).

Se’if 2ב׳

טעמא דאין נפרעים מהקטנים משום דחיישינן שמא התפיס אביהם למלוה צררי לפיכך אם תפס משלהם אפי' אחרי מות אביהם והוא בענין שיכול להחזיק בו לטעון לקוח הוא בידי מהניא ליה תפיסתו כיון שידוע וברור לו שלא נפרע מאביהם:

The reason that they are not repaid from the minors is that we are concerned lest their father gave the lender bundles of coins to hold; therefore, if he seized something of theirs, even after their father's death, and it is in such a case that he could hold on to it by pleading, "It is bought, and in my hand", his seizure avails him, since it is known and clear to him that he was not repaid by their father.

Se’if 3ג׳

נזקקין לנכסי ערב אע"פ שהיתומי' קטנים:

They attend to the property of a guarantor, even though the orphans are minors.

…and 6 more se'ifim in this siman.

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Shulchan Aruch, Choshen Mishpat — Lemberg 1898 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English rendered from the Hebrew for this app — The Gematria's own rendering program. A rendering of the words, not a ruling; practical halacha is learned with a rav