הלכות תמורה ג׳Substitution 3

Halacha 1א׳

כֵּיצַד דִּין הַתְּמוּרוֹת לִקָּרֵב. תְּמוּרַת הָעוֹלָה תִּקָּרֵב עוֹלָה וְאִם הָיְתָה תְּמוּרָתָהּ נְקֵבָה אוֹ בַּעֲלַת מוּם תִּרְעֶה הַנְּקֵבָה עַד שֶׁיִּפּל בָּהּ מוּם וְתִמָּכֵר וְיָבִיא בְּדָמֶיהָ עוֹלָה. תְּמוּרַת הַחַטָּאת תָּמוּת כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ בִּפְסוּלֵי הַמֻּקְדָּשִׁין. תְּמוּרַת הָאָשָׁם תִּרְעֶה עַד שֶׁיִּפּל בָּהּ מוּם וְיִפְּלוּ דָּמֶיהָ לִנְדָבָה. תְּמוּרַת הַשְּׁלָמִים כִּשְׁלָמִים לְכָל דָּבָר טְעוּנָה סְמִיכָה וּנְסָכִים וּתְנוּפַת חָזֶה וְשׁוֹק. תְּמוּרַת הַתּוֹדָה כְּתוֹדָה אֶלָּא שֶׁאֵינָהּ טְעוּנָה לֶחֶם כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ בְּהִלְכוֹת פְּסוּלֵי הַמֻּקְדָּשִׁין. תְּמוּרַת הַפֶּסַח אִם הֵמִיר בָּהּ קֹדֶם חֲצוֹת יוֹם אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר אֵין תְּמוּרָתוֹ קְרֵבָה אֶלָּא תִּרְעֶה עַד שֶׁיִּפּל בָּהּ מוּם וְיָבִיא בְּדָמֶיהָ שְׁלָמִים וְאִם הֵמִיר בָּהּ אַחַר חֲצוֹת הֲרֵי הַתְּמוּרָה עַצְמָהּ תִּקָּרֵב שְׁלָמִים. תְּמוּרַת הַבְּכוֹר וְהַמַּעֲשֵׂר אֵינָם קְרֵבִין לְעוֹלָם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בִּבְכוֹר (ויקרא כז כו) (ויקרא כז ל) "לַה' הוּא". מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ הוּא קָרֵב וְאֵין תְמוּרָתוֹ קְרֵבָה. וְדִין הַמַּעֲשֵׂר בִּבְכוֹר תְּמוּרָתָן תִּרְעֶה עַד שֶׁיִּפּל בָּהּ מוּם וְתֵאָכֵל:

How does the law of substitutes stand as to their being offered? The substitute of a burnt-offering is offered as a burnt-offering; and if its substitute was a female or was blemished, the female grazes until a blemish befalls it and it is sold, and he brings a burnt-offering with its value. The substitute of a sin-offering is left to die, as we have explained in the Laws of Sacrifices Rendered Unfit. The substitute of a guilt-offering grazes until a blemish befalls it, and its value falls to the fund for freewill-offerings. The substitute of a peace-offering is like a peace-offering in every respect: it requires the laying on of hands, and libations, and the waving of the breast and the thigh. The substitute of a thanksgiving-offering is like a thanksgiving-offering, except that it does not require bread, as we have explained in the Laws of Sacrifices Rendered Unfit. As for the substitute of a paschal offering: if he substituted for it before midday on the fourteenth, its substitute is not offered but grazes until a blemish befalls it, and he brings a peace-offering with its value; and if he substituted for it after midday, the substitute itself is offered as a peace-offering. The substitutes of a firstborn and of the tithe are never offered, as it is said of the firstborn (Leviticus 27:26, 30), "it is the Lord's" — from tradition they learned: it is offered, and its substitute is not offered. And the law of the tithe is as that of the firstborn: their substitute grazes until a blemish befalls it and it is eaten.

Halacha 2ב׳

תְּמוּרַת הַבְּכוֹר לַכֹּהֲנִים וּתְמוּרַת הַמַּעֲשֵׂר לַבְּעָלִים. וּכְשֵׁם שֶׁאֵין פּוֹדִין בְּכוֹר וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁנָּפַל בָּהֶן מוּם כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ בְּהִלְכוֹת אִסּוּרֵי מִזְבֵּחַ כָּךְ אֵין פּוֹדִים תְּמוּרָתָן:

The substitute of a firstborn belongs to the priests, and the substitute of the tithe belongs to the owners. And just as a firstborn and a tithe in which a blemish arose are not redeemed, as we have explained in the Laws of Things Forbidden on the Altar, so their substitutes are not redeemed.

Halacha 3ג׳

בְּהֵמָה שֶׁהִקְדִּישָׁהּ חֶצְיָהּ עוֹלָה וְחֶצְיָהּ שְׁלָמִים תְּמוּרָתָהּ כָּמוֹהָ. וְכֵן כָּל בֶּהֱמַת הֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁאֵינָהּ קְרֵבָה מִפְּנֵי תְּחִלַּת הֶקְדֵּשָׁהּ הֲרֵי תְּמוּרָתָהּ כָּמוֹהָ. אָמַר חֲצִי בְּהֵמָה זוֹ תְּמוּרָה וְחֶצְיָהּ עוֹלָה הֲרֵי זוֹ תִּקָּרֵב עוֹלָה. חֶצְיָהּ עוֹלָה וְחֶצְיָהּ מַעֲשֵׂר תִּקָּרֵב עוֹלָה. חֶצְיָהּ תְּמוּרָה וְחֶצְיָהּ מַעֲשֵׂר הֲרֵי זוֹ סָפֵק וְאֵינָהּ קְרֵבָה:

An animal that he consecrated half as a burnt-offering and half as a peace-offering — its substitute is like it. So too every consecrated animal that is not offered on account of the manner of its original consecration — its substitute is like it. If he said, "Half of this animal is a substitute and half of it is a burnt-offering," it is offered as a burnt-offering. "Half of it is a burnt-offering and half of it is tithe" — it is offered as a burnt-offering. "Half of it is a substitute and half of it is tithe" — it is in doubt, and it is not offered.