הלכות שגגות ג׳Offerings for Unintentional Transgressions 3

Halacha 1א׳

מִי שֶׁהֵעִידוּ עָלָיו עֵדִים שֶׁחָטָא חֵטְא שֶׁחַיָּבִין עָלָיו חַטָּאת קְבוּעָה וְלֹא הִתְרוּ בּוֹ אֶלָּא אָמְרוּ רְאִינוּךָ שֶׁעָשִׂיתָ מְלָאכָה בְּשַׁבָּת אוֹ שֶׁאָכַלְתָּ חֵלֶב וְהוּא אוֹמֵר אֲנִי יוֹדֵעַ בְּוַדַּאי שֶׁלֹּא עָשִׂיתִי דָּבָר זֶה. אֵינוֹ חַיָּב חַטָּאת הוֹאִיל וְאִם יֹאמַר מֵזִיד הָיִיתִי יִפָּטֵר מִן הַקָּרְבָּן כְּשֶׁאָמַר לָהֶן לֹא אָכַלְתִּי וְלֹא עָשִׂיתִי נַעֲשָׂה כְּאוֹמֵר לֹא אָכַלְתִּי בִּשְׁגָגָה אֶלָּא בְּזָדוֹן שֶׁהוּא פָּטוּר מִן הַקָּרְבָּן וְלֹא הִכְחִישׁ אֶת הָעֵדִים:

One concerning whom witnesses testified that he committed a sin for which one is liable to a fixed sin-offering, and they did not warn him but only said, "We saw you do work on the Sabbath," or "that you ate forbidden fat," and he says, "I know for certain that I did not do this thing" — he is not liable to a sin-offering. For since he would be exempt from the offering were he to say, "I acted deliberately," then when he said to them, "I did not eat and I did not do it," he becomes as one who says, "I did not eat unwittingly but deliberately," in which case he is exempt from the offering; and he has not contradicted the witnesses.

Halacha 2ב׳

שָׁתַק וְלֹא הִפְלִיג אֶת הָעֵדִים (אֶלָּא) אֲפִלּוּ אָמְרָה לוֹ אִשָּׁה אָכַלְתָּ חֵלֶב אוֹ עָשִׂיתָ מְלָאכָה בְּשַׁבָּת וְשָׁתַק חַיָּב לְהָבִיא חַטָּאת. אָמַר לוֹ עֵד אֶחָד חֵלֶב הוּא זֶה וְשָׁתַק. וְחָזַר וַאֲכָלוֹ בִּשְׁגָגָה מֵבִיא חַטָּאת. וְאִם הִתְרוּ בּוֹ לוֹקֶה עָלָיו. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעִקַּר הָעֵדוּת בְּעֵד אֶחָד:

If he was silent and did not reject the witnesses — and even if a woman said to him, "You ate forbidden fat," or "You did work on the Sabbath," and he was silent — he is obligated to bring a sin-offering. If one witness said to him, "This is forbidden fat," and he was silent, and he then went back and ate it unwittingly, he brings a sin-offering; and if they warned him, he is flogged for it, even though the testimony rests upon a single witness.

Halacha 3ג׳

כְּבָר בֵּאַרְנוּ בְּהִלְכוֹת פְּסוּלֵי הַמֻּקְדָּשִׁין שֶׁהַמַּפְרִישׁ חַטָּאתוֹ עַל הַחֵלֶב שֶׁאָכַל לֹא יְבִיאֶנָּה עַל הַשַּׁבָּת שֶׁחִלֵּל אוֹ עַל הַדָּם שֶׁאָכַל שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא ד כח) "וְהֵבִיא קָרְבָּנוֹ שְׂעִירַת עִזִּים" וְגוֹ' (ויקרא ד כח) "עַל חַטָּאתוֹ אֲשֶׁר חָטָא" עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה קָרְבָּנוֹ לְשֵׁם חֶטְאוֹ לֹא שֶׁיַּקְרִיבֶנָּה מֵחֵטְא עַל חֵטְא. וְאִם הִקְרִיב פְּסָלָהּ. יֶתֶר עַל זֶה אָמְרוּ הִפְרִישׁ חַטָּאתוֹ עַל חֵלֶב שֶׁאָכַל אֶמֶשׁ לֹא יְבִיאֶנָּה עַל חֵלֶב שֶׁאָכַל הַיּוֹם וְאִם הֵבִיא כִּפֵּר. וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שֶׁאִם הִפְרִישָׁהּ אָבִיו וּמֵת וְהָיָה הַבֵּן מְחֻיָּב בְּאוֹתוֹ הַחֵטְא שֶׁלֹּא יְבִיאֶנָּה הַבֵּן עַל חֶטְאוֹ כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר שָׁם:

We have already explained in the Laws of Sacrifices Rendered Unfit that one who sets apart his sin-offering for the forbidden fat he ate may not bring it for the Sabbath he profaned or for the blood he ate, as it is said (Leviticus 4:28), "and he shall bring his offering, a she-goat, etc.... for his sin which he has sinned" — until his offering is for the sake of his sin, and not that he offer it for one sin in place of another; and if he offered it, he has rendered it unfit. More than this they said: if he set apart his sin-offering for forbidden fat that he ate yesterday, he may not bring it for forbidden fat that he ate today; and if he brought it, atonement was effected. And it goes without saying that if his father set it apart and died, and the son was liable for that same sin, the son may not bring it for his own sin, as has been explained there.