הלכות שגגות ב׳Offerings for Unintentional Transgressions 2

Halacha 1א׳

אֵין אָדָם חַיָּב חַטָּאת עַל שִׁגְגָתוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה שׁוֹגֵג מִתְּחִלָּה וְעַד סוֹף אֲבָל אִם שָׁגַג בַּתְּחִלָּה וְהֵזִיד בַּסּוֹף אוֹ הֵזִיד בַּתְּחִלָּה וְשָׁגַג בַּסּוֹף פָּטוּר מִקָּרְבַּן חַטָּאת. כֵּיצַד. כְּגוֹן שֶׁהוֹצִיא חֵפֶץ מֵרְשׁוּת לִרְשׁוּת בְּשַׁבָּת עָקַר בְּזָדוֹן וְהִנִּיחַ בִּשְׁגָגָה אוֹ שֶׁעָקַר בִּשְׁגָגָה וְהִנִּיחַ בְּזָדוֹן פָּטוּר עַד שֶׁיַּעֲקֹר בִּשְׁגָגָה וְיַנִּיחַ בִּשְׁגָגָה. וְכֵן כָּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּזֶה:

A person is not liable to a sin-offering for his unintentional act unless he was unaware from beginning to end. But if he was unaware at the beginning and deliberate at the end, or deliberate at the beginning and unaware at the end, he is exempt from a sin-offering. How so? As when he carried an object from one domain to another on the Sabbath: if he lifted it deliberately and set it down unwittingly, or lifted it unwittingly and set it down deliberately, he is exempt — until he lifts it unwittingly and sets it down unwittingly. And so in all like cases.

Halacha 2ב׳

עָבַר עֲבֵרָה וְיוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהִיא בְּלֹא תַּעֲשֶׂה אֲבָל אֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁחַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ כָּרֵת הֲרֵי זוֹ שְׁגָגָה וּמֵבִיא חַטָּאת. אֲבָל אִם יָדַע שֶׁהִיא בְּכָרֵת וְשָׁגַג בְּקָרְבָּן וְלֹא יָדַע אִם חַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ קָרְבָּן אִם לָאו הֲרֵי זֶה מֵזִיד. שֶׁשִּׁגְגַת קָרְבָּן אֵינָהּ שְׁגָגָה בַּעֲבֵרוֹת אֵלּוּ שֶׁחַיָּבִין עֲלֵיהֶן כָּרֵת:

If he transgressed and knew that the thing is under a negative commandment but did not know that one is liable to excision for it, this is an unintentional transgression and he brings a sin-offering. But if he knew that it carries excision and erred concerning the offering, not knowing whether one is liable to an offering for it or not, this is a deliberate act; for error concerning the offering is not an unintentional transgression in those offences for which one is liable to excision.

Halacha 3ג׳

מִי שֶׁלֹּא נוֹדַע לוֹ עַצְמוֹ שֶׁל חֵטְא שֶׁחָטָא. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיָּדַע בְּוַדַּאי שֶׁעָבַר עַל לֹא תַּעֲשֶׂה שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ כָּרֵת. הֲרֵי זֶה פָּטוּר מִקָּרְבַּן חַטָּאת. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא ד כג) "אֲשֶׁר חָטָא בָּהּ" עַד שֶׁיֵּדַע הַחֵטְא שֶׁחָטָא בּוֹ. כֵּיצַד. חֵלֶב וְנוֹתָר לְפָנָיו וְאָכַל אֶת אֶחָד מֵהֶם וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵי זֶה אָכַל. אִשְׁתּוֹ נִדָּה וַאֲחוֹתוֹ בַּבַּיִת וְשָׁגַג וּבָא עַל אַחַת מֵהֶן וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵי זוֹ מֵהֶן בָּעַל. שַׁבָּת וְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים לְפָנָיו וְעָשָׂה מְלָאכָה בְּאֶחָד מֵהֶן וְאֵין יָדוּעַ בְּאֵי זֶה מֵהֶן עָשָׂה הֲרֵי זֶה פָּטוּר מִקָּרְבַּן חַטָּאת:

One to whom the very identity of the sin he committed did not become known — even though he knows for certain that he transgressed a negative commandment carrying excision — is exempt from a sin-offering, as it is said (Leviticus 4:23), "wherein he has sinned": until he knows the sin wherein he sinned. How so? Forbidden fat and leftover sacrificial meat were before him and he ate one of them and it is not known which he ate; his wife was a menstruant and his sister was in the house and he erred and had intercourse with one of them and it is not known which of them he lay with; the Sabbath and the Day of Atonement were before him and he did work on one of them and it is not known on which of them he did it — in all these he is exempt from a sin-offering.