הלכות מחוסרי כפרה ד׳Offerings for Those with Incomplete Atonement 4

Halacha 1א׳

כְּשֶׁיִּתְרַפֵּא הַצָּרוּעַ מִצָּרַעְתּוֹ אַחַר שֶׁמְּטַהֲרִין אוֹתוֹ בְּעֵץ אֶרֶז וְאֵזוֹב וּשְׁנִי תוֹלַעַת וּשְׁתֵּי צִפֳּרִים וּמְגַלְּחִין אֶת כָּל בְּשָׂרוֹ וּמַטְבִּילִין אוֹתוֹ אַחַר כָּל זֹאת יִכָּנֵס לִירוּשָׁלַיִם וּמוֹנֶה שִׁבְעַת יָמִים וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מְגַלֵּחַ תִּגְלַחְתּוֹ שְׁנִיָּה כַּתִּגְלַחַת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה וְטוֹבֵל וַהֲרֵי הוּא טְבוּל יוֹם וּמַעֲרִיב שִׁמְשׁוֹ וּלְמָחָר בַּשְּׁמִינִי טוֹבֵל פַּעַם שְׁנִיָּה וְאַחַר כָּךְ מַקְרִיבִין קָרְבְּנוֹתָיו. וּמִפְּנֵי מָה טוֹבֵל בַּשְּׁמִינִי אַחַר שֶׁטּוֹבֵל מֵאֶמֶשׁ. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהָיָה רָגִיל בְּטֻמְאָה בִּימֵי חִלּוּטוֹ וְאֵינוֹ נִזְהָר מִשּׁוּם טֻמְאָה וְשֶׁמָּא נִטְמָא אַחַר שֶׁטָּבַל. לְפִיכָךְ טוֹבֵל בַּשְּׁמִינִי בְּעֶזְרַת הַנָּשִׁים בְּלִשְׁכַּת הַמְצֹרָעִים שֶׁשָּׁם אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הִסִּיחַ דַּעְתּוֹ:

When the leper is healed of his leprosy, after they have purified him with cedar wood and hyssop and crimson wool and two birds, and have shaved all his flesh and immersed him — after all this he enters Jerusalem and counts seven days; and on the seventh day he performs his second shaving, like the first shaving, and immerses, and he is then one who has immersed that day; and the sun sets upon him, and the next day, on the eighth, he immerses a second time, and only then are his offerings offered. And why does he immerse on the eighth after he had already immersed the evening before? Because he was accustomed to impurity in the days of his confirmed leprosy and is not careful of any impurity, and perhaps he became impure after he immersed. Therefore he immerses on the eighth in the women's courtyard, in the chamber of the lepers that is there, even though his attention did not lapse.

Halacha 2ב׳

נִתְאַחֵר וְלֹא גִּלֵּחַ בַּשְּׁבִיעִי וְגִלֵּחַ בַּשְּׁמִינִי אוֹ אַחַר כַּמָּה יָמִים בַּיּוֹם שֶׁיְּגַלֵּחַ יִטְבּל וְיַעֲרִיב שִׁמְשׁוֹ וּלְמָחָר יָבִיא קָרְבְּנוֹתָיו אַחַר שֶׁיִּטְבּל פַּעַם שְׁנִיָּה כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ. כֵּיצַד עוֹשִׂין לוֹ. הַמְצֹרָע עוֹמֵד חוּץ לְעֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל כְּנֶגֶד פֶּתַח מִזְרָחִית בְּאַסְקֻפַּת שַׁעַר נִיקָנוֹר וּפָנָיו לְמַעֲרָב וְשָׁם עוֹמְדִים כָּל מְחֻסְּרֵי כַּפָּרָה בְּעֵת שֶׁמְּטַהֲרִין אוֹתָן וְשָׁם מַשְׁקִין אֶת הַסּוֹטוֹת. וְהַכֹּהֵן לוֹקֵחַ אָשָׁם שֶׁל מְצֹרָע כְּשֶׁהוּא חַי וּמְנִיפוֹ עִם לוֹג הַשֶּׁמֶן בַּמִּזְרָח כְּדֶרֶךְ כָּל הַתְּנוּפוֹת. וְאִם הֵנִיף זֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ וְזֶה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ יָצָא. וְאַחַר כָּךְ מֵבִיא אֶת הָאָשָׁם שֶׁל מְצֹרָע עַד הַפֶּתַח וּמַכְנִיס שְׁתֵּי יָדָיו לָעֲזָרָה וְסוֹמֵךְ עָלָיו וְשׁוֹחֲטִין אוֹתוֹ מִיָּד. וּמְקַבְּלִין שְׁנֵי כֹּהֲנִים אֶת דָּמוֹ. אֶחָד מְקַבֵּל בִּכְלִי וְזוֹרְקוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְאֶחָד בְּיָדוֹ הַיְמָנִית וּמְעָרֶה לְיָדוֹ הַשְּׂמָאלִית וּמַזֶּה בְּאֶצְבָּעוֹ הַיְמָנִית. וְאִם שִׁנָּה וְקִבֵּל בִּשְׂמֹאל תְּחִלָּה פָּסַל. הַכֹּהֵן שֶׁקִּבֵּל מִקְצָת הַדָּם בִּכְלִי מוֹלִיכוֹ וְזוֹרְקוֹ עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ תְּחִלָּה. וְאַחַר כָּךְ יָבוֹא הַכֹּהֵן שֶׁקִּבֵּל הַדָּם בְּכַפּוֹ אֵצֶל הַמְצֹרָע. הַכֹּהֵן מִבִּפְנִים וְהַמְצֹרָע מִבַּחוּץ. וּמַכְנִיס הַמְצֹרָע רֹאשׁוֹ וְנוֹתֵן הַכֹּהֵן מִן הַדָּם שֶׁבְּכַפּוֹ עַל תְּנוּךְ אָזְנוֹ הַיְמָנִית. וְאַחַר כָּךְ יַכְנִיס יָדוֹ הַיְמָנִית וְיִתֵּן עַל בֹּהֶן יָדוֹ וְאַחַר כָּךְ יַכְנִיס רַגְלוֹ הַיְמָנִית וְיִתֵּן עַל בֹּהֶן רַגְלוֹ וְאִם נָתַן עַל הַשְּׂמֹאל לֹא יָצָא. וְאַחַר כָּךְ יַקְרִיב חַטָּאתוֹ וְעוֹלָתוֹ. וְאַחַר שֶׁיִּתֵּן הַדָּם עַל הַבְּהוֹנוֹת נוֹטֵל הַכֹּהֵן מִלּוֹג הַשֶּׁמֶן וְיוֹצֵק לְתוֹךְ כַפּוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ הַשְּׂמָאלִית וְאִם יָצַק לְתוֹךְ כַּף עַצְמוֹ יָצָא. וְטוֹבֵל אֶצְבָּעוֹ הַיְמָנִית בַּשֶּׁמֶן שֶׁבְּכַפּוֹ וּמַזֶּה שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳדָשִׁים עַל כָּל הֲזָיָה טְבִילַת אֶצְבַּע בְּשֶׁמֶן. וְאִם הִזָּה וְלֹא כִּוֵּן כְּנֶגֶד בֵּית קֹדֶשׁ הַקֳדָשִׁים כְּשֵׁרוֹת. וְאַחַר כָּךְ יָבוֹא אֵצֶל הַמְצֹרָע וְיִתֵּן מִן הַשֶּׁמֶן עַל מְקוֹם דַּם הָאָשָׁם בִּתְנוּךְ אֹזֶן וּבֹהֶן יָדוֹ וּבֹהֶן רַגְלוֹ. וְהַנּוֹתָר מִן הַשֶּׁמֶן שֶׁבְּכַפּוֹ יִתְּנֶנּוּ עַל רֹאשׁ הַמִּתְטַהֵר וְאִם לֹא נָתַן לֹא כִּפֵּר. וּשְׁאָר הַלּוֹג מִתְחַלֵּק לַכֹּהֲנִים:

If he delayed and did not shave on the seventh but shaved on the eighth or after some days, then on the day he shaves he immerses and the sun sets upon him, and the next day he brings his offerings, after he has immersed a second time, as we have explained. How is it done for him? The leper stands outside the Israelites' courtyard, opposite the eastern entrance, on the threshold of the Gate of Nicanor, with his face to the west; and there all those with incomplete atonement stand at the time they are purified, and there the suspected wives are given the water to drink. And the priest takes the leper's guilt-offering while it is alive and waves it together with the log of oil on the east, in the manner of all wavings; and if he waved this one by itself and that one by itself, he has fulfilled the requirement. And afterwards he brings the leper's guilt-offering up to the entrance, and the leper puts both his hands into the courtyard and leans upon it, and it is slaughtered at once. And two priests receive its blood: one receives it in a vessel and dashes it upon the altar, and one receives it in his right hand and pours it into his left hand and sprinkles with his right forefinger; and if he changed and received it in his left hand first, he has rendered it unfit. The priest who received part of the blood in a vessel carries it and dashes it upon the altar first. And afterwards the priest who received the blood in his palm comes to the leper, the priest within and the leper without; and the leper puts his head in, and the priest places some of the blood that is in his palm upon the lobe of his right ear; and afterwards he puts in his right hand and the priest places some upon the thumb of his hand; and afterwards he puts in his right foot and the priest places some upon the great toe of his foot. And if he placed it upon the left, he has not fulfilled the requirement. And afterwards he offers his sin-offering and his burnt-offering. And after he has placed the blood upon the thumb and the toe, the priest takes of the log of oil and pours it into the left palm of his fellow; and if he poured it into his own palm, he has fulfilled the requirement. And he dips his right forefinger into the oil that is in his palm and sprinkles seven times toward the Holy of Holies, dipping his finger into the oil for each and every sprinkling; and if he sprinkled without directing it toward the Holy of Holies, they are valid. And afterwards he comes to the leper and places some of the oil upon the place of the blood of the guilt-offering, upon the lobe of the ear and the thumb of the hand and the great toe of the foot. And what is left of the oil in his palm he places upon the head of the one being purified; and if he did not place it, atonement has not been effected. And the rest of the log is divided among the priests.

Halacha 3ג׳

שְׁיָרֵי הַלּוֹג אֵינוֹ נֶאֱכָל אֶלָּא בָּעֲזָרָה לְזִכְרֵי כְּהֻנָּה כִּשְׁאָר קָדְשֵׁי קָדָשִׁים שֶׁהֲרֵי הֻקַּשׁ לְאָשָׁם. וְאָסוּר לֶאֱכל מִלּוֹג הַשֶּׁמֶן עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן מִמֶּנּוּ מַתַּן שֶׁבַע וּמַתַּן בְּהוֹנוֹת וְאִם אָכַל לוֹקֶה כְּאוֹכֵל קָדָשִׁים קֹדֶם זְרִיקָה:

What is left of the log is eaten only in the Temple courtyard, by the males of the priesthood, like the other offerings of the most holy order, since it is likened to the guilt-offering. And it is forbidden to eat of the log of oil until he has made from it the seven applications and the applications upon the thumb and the toe; and if he ate, he is flogged, like one who eats consecrated food before the dashing of the blood.