הלכות מלכים ומלחמות ט׳Kings and Wars 9

Halacha 1א׳

עַל שִׁשָּׁה דְּבָרִים נִצְטַוָּה אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן. עַל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. וְעַל בִּרְכַּת הַשֵּׁם. וְעַל שְׁפִיכוּת דָּמִים. וְעַל גִּלּוּי עֲרָיוֹת. וְעַל הַגֵּזֶל. וְעַל הַדִּינִים. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכֻּלָּן הֵן קַבָּלָה בְּיָדֵינוּ מִמּשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ. וְהַדַּעַת נוֹטָה לָהֶן. מִכְּלַל דִּבְרֵי תּוֹרָה יֵרָאֶה שֶׁעַל אֵלּוּ נִצְטַוָּה. הוֹסִיף לְנֹחַ אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית ט, ד) "אַךְ בָּשָׂר בְּנַפְשׁוֹ דָמוֹ לֹא תֹאכֵלוּ". נִמְצְאוּ שֶׁבַע מִצְוֹת. וְכֵן הָיָה הַדָּבָר בְּכָל הָעוֹלָם עַד אַבְרָהָם. בָּא אַבְרָהָם וְנִצְטַוָּה יֶתֶר עַל אֵלּוּ בְּמִילָה. וְהוּא הִתְפַּלֵּל שַׁחֲרִית. וַיִּצְחָק הִפְרִישׁ מַעֲשֵׂר וְהוֹסִיף תְּפִלָּה אַחֶרֶת לִפְנוֹת הַיּוֹם. וְיַעֲקֹב הוֹסִיף גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה וְהִתְפַּלֵּל עַרְבִית. וּבְמִצְרַיִם נִצְטַוָּה עַמְרָם בְּמִצְוֹת יְתֵרוֹת. עַד שֶׁבָּא משֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ וְנִשְׁלְמָה תּוֹרָה עַל יָדוֹ:

Regarding six things Adam the First was commanded: regarding foreign worship, and cursing [lit. blessing] God, and spilling blood, and forbidden sexual relations, and theft, and [a justice system]. Even though they are all received traditions in our hands from our teacher Moses, and reason is inclined to them from the principles of the Torah, it appears that regarding these he was commanded. He added for Noah [the prohibition on eating] the limb of a live animal, as it is said "but flesh in its life its blood you shall not eat." We find seven commandments. And so was the matter in the whole world until Abraham. Abraham came and he was commanded, in addition to these, with circumcision. And he prayed shaharit. And Isaac separated a tithe and added another prayer as the day wanes. And Jacob added the [fobidden] sinew and prayed arvit. And in Egypt Amram was commanded with additional commandments, until Moses our teacher came and the Torah was completed by himmatters was Adam the first commanded.

Halacha 2ב׳

בֶּן נֹחַ שֶׁעָבַד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה הֲרֵי זֶה חַיָּב. וְהוּא שֶׁיַּעֲבֹד כְּדַרְכָּהּ. וְכָל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁבֵּית דִּין שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל מְמִיתִין עָלֶיהָ בֶּן נֹחַ נֶהֱרָג עָלֶיהָ. וְכָל שֶׁאֵין בֵּית דִּין שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל מְמִיתִין עָלֶיהָ אֵין בֶּן נֹחַ נֶהֱרָג עָלֶיהָ. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶהֱרָג אָסוּר בַּכּל. וְאֵין מְנִיחִין אוֹתוֹ לְהָקִים מַצֵּבָה. וְלֹא לִטַּע אֲשֵׁרָה. וְלֹא לַעֲשׂוֹת צוּרוֹת וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן לְנוֹי:

A Ben Noach (Son of Noah – a non-Jew that upholds the Seven Noahide Laws) that worshiped a foreign G-d (other than the G-d of Israel) is liable [for the Death Penalty]. And that is [specifically] if he worshiped it in it's normal manner. And for all foreign worship that the Jewish court of law puts [a Jewish person] to death, the Ben-Noach is put to death. And for all foreign worship that the Jewish court of law does not put [a Jewish person] to death, the Ben-Noach is not put to death. And although he is not put to death, it is all forbidden And we do not allow him to erect an altar, or plant an asheira tree (a tree that is used for idolatrous purposes), or to make images or the like for the sake of beautification.

Halacha 3ג׳

בֶּן נֹחַ שֶׁבֵּרֵךְ אֶת הַשֵּׁם. בֵּין שֶׁבֵּרֵךְ בַּשֵּׁם הַמְיֻחָד. בֵּין שֶׁבֵּרֵךְ בְּכִנּוּי בְּכָל לָשׁוֹן חַיָּב. מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל:

A Ben Noach that blasphemed – whether he blasphemed the principal Name [of H-shem], or a blasphemed a contemporary name (of the G-d of Israel) he is liable [for the Death penalty] – in any language. This is not the case for a Jew.