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The Rambam · Sefer Korbanot

הלכות בכורות ז׳Firstlings 7

Chapter 7 of 8 in Firstlings — 9 halachot

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Halacha 1א׳

מִי שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ עֲשָׂרָה טְלָאִים וְהִפְרִישׁ אֶחָד מֵעֲשָׂרָה. הָיוּ לוֹ מֵאָה וְהִפְרִישׁ עֲשָׂרָה לְמַעֲשֵׂר. אֵין אֵלּוּ מַעֲשֵׂר. אֶלָּא כֵּיצַד עוֹשֶׂה. כּוֹנֵס כָּל הַטְּלָאִים אוֹ כָּל הָעֲגָלִים לַדִּיר. וְעוֹשֶׂה לוֹ פֶּתַח קָטָן כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יֵצְאוּ שְׁנַיִם כְּאֶחָד. וְאִמּוֹתֵיהֶן מַעֲמִיד מִבַּחוּץ. וְהֵן גּוֹעוֹת שֶׁיִּשְׁמְעוּ הַטְּלָאִים קוֹלָן וְיֵצְאוּ מִן הַדִּיר לִקְרָאתָן. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כז לב) "כּל אֲשֶׁר יַעֲבֹר תַּחַת הַשָּׁבֶט". שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר מֵעַצְמוֹ וְלֹא שֶׁיּוֹצִיאוֹ בְּיָדוֹ. וּכְשֶׁיֵּצְאוּ מִן הַדִּיר זֶה אַחַר זֶה. מַתְחִיל וּמוֹנֶה אוֹתָן בַּשֵּׁבֶט. א' ב' ג' ד' ה' ו' ז' ח' ט'. וְהַיּוֹצֵא עֲשִׂירִי בֵּין זָכָר בֵּין נְקֵבָה בֵּין תָּמִים בֵּין בַּעַל מוּם סוֹקְרוֹ בְּסִקְרָא וְאוֹמֵר הֲרֵי זֶה מַעֲשֵׂר. לֹא סְקָרוֹ בְּסִקְרָא וְלֹא מְנָאָן בַּשֵּׁבֶט אוֹ שֶׁמְּנָאָן רְבוּצִים אוֹ עוֹמְדִים הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מַעֲשֵׂר הוֹאִיל וּמְנָאָם עֲשָׂרָה עֲשָׂרָה וְקִדֵּשׁ עֲשִׂירִי הֲרֵי זֶה מַעֲשֵׂר:

One who had ten lambs and set apart one of the ten, or who had a hundred and set apart ten as tithe — these are not a tithe. Rather, what does he do? He gathers all the lambs, or all the calves, into a pen, and makes for it a small opening, so that two cannot go out as one, and he stands their mothers outside; and they low, so that the lambs hear their voice and go out of the pen toward them — as it is said (Leviticus 27:32), "whatever passes under the rod": that it pass of itself, and not that he take it out by hand. And when they go out of the pen one after another, he begins and counts them with a rod: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine; and the one that goes out tenth, whether male or female, whether unblemished or blemished, he marks with red dye and says, "This is a tithe." If he did not mark it with red dye and did not count them with a rod, or if he counted them lying down or standing, they are nevertheless a tithe, since he counted them in tens and the tenth was consecrated; it is a tithe.

Halacha 2ב׳

אֵין צָרִיךְ לְצָרֵף כָּל בְּהֵמָה שֶׁנּוֹלְדָה בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ לְדִיר אֶחָד אֶלָּא מְצָרֵף כָּל עֵדֶר וְעֵדֶר לְבַדּוֹ. הָיוּ לוֹ חֲמִשָּׁה טְלָאִים בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וַחֲמִשָּׁה טְלָאִים בְּעַכּוֹ אֵין מִצְטָרְפִין וְכֻלָּן פְּטוּרִין מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר. וְכַמָּה יִהְיֶה בֵּין אֵלּוּ לְאֵלּוּ וְיִצְטָרְפוּ שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר מִיל:

He need not gather every animal born in his possession into one pen; rather he gathers each flock by itself. If he had five lambs in Jerusalem and five lambs in Acre, they do not join together, and all of them are exempt from the tithe. And how far apart may these and those be and still join together? Sixteen mil.

Halacha 3ג׳

הָיוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה עֲדָרִים בֵּין כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר מִיל הֲרֵי שְׁלָשְׁתָּן מִצְטָרְפִין. כֵּיצַד. הָיָה תִּשְׁעָה מִכָּאן וְתִשְׁעָה מִכָּאן וְאֶחָד בְּאֶמְצַע הֲרֵי שְׁלָשְׁתָּן נִכְנָסִין לַדִּיר לְהִתְעַשֵּׂר:

If there were three flocks with sixteen mil between each one and the next, the three of them join together. How so? Nine here and nine there and one in the middle — the three of them enter the pen to be tithed.

…and 4 more halachot in this chapter.

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Mishneh Torah, Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: rendered from the Hebrew for this app — our own, not a borrowed translation