הלכות בכורות ח׳Firstlings 8

Halacha 1א׳

הַמַּכְנִּיס צֹאן לַדִּיר וְהִתְחִילוּ לָצֵאת אַחַת אַחַת וְהוּא מוֹנֶה כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ וְטָעָה בַּמִּנְיָן וְקָרָא לַשְּׁמִינִי אוֹ לְשֶׁלְּמַטָּה מִמֶּנּוּ עֲשִׂירִי אוֹ שֶׁקָּרָא לַשְּׁנֵים עָשָׂר אוֹ שֶׁלְּמַעְלָה מִמֶּנּוּ עֲשִׂירִי לֹא נִתְקַדְּשׁוּ. אֲבָל אִם קָרָא לַתְּשִׁיעִי אוֹ לָאַחַד עָשָׂר עֲשִׂירִי נִתְקַדְּשׁוּ. וְדָבָר זֶה הֲלָכָה מִפִּי הַקַּבָּלָה נִשְׁמַע שֶׁהַטָּעוּת מִתְקַדְּשׁוֹת לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁלְּמַעְלָה מִמֶּנּוּ וְשֶׁלְּמַטָּה מִמֶּנּוּ אֲבָל לֹא שֶׁלִּפְנֵיהֶם וְשֶׁלְּאַחֲרֵיהֶם. אֲפִלּוּ קָרָא לַתְּשִׁיעִי עֲשִׂירִי וְלַעֲשִׂירִי תְּשִׁיעִי וְלָאַחַד עָשָׂר עֲשִׂירִי בֵּין בְּטָעוּת בֵּין בְּכַוָּנָה שְׁלָשְׁתָּן מֻקְדָּשִׁים:

One who brings a flock into a pen and they begin to go out one by one and he counts them as we have explained, and he erred in the count and called the eighth, or one below it, "tenth," or called the twelfth, or one above it, "tenth" — they are not consecrated. But if he called the ninth or the eleventh "tenth," they are consecrated. And this matter is a law heard from tradition: that the mistaken ones are consecrated as tithe when they are one above it or one below it, but not those before them or after them. Even if he called the ninth "tenth," and the tenth "ninth," and the eleventh "tenth" — whether by error or with intent — all three are consecrated.

Halacha 2ב׳

וְהֵיאַךְ דִּינָם. הַתְּשִׁיעִי אֵינוֹ קָרֵב אֶלָּא נֶאֱכָל בְּמוּמוֹ. וְהָעֲשִׂירִי מַעֲשֵׂר. וְהָאַחַד עָשָׂר יִקָּרֵב שְׁלָמִים וְטָעוּן נְסָכִים כִּשְׁלָמִים וְאֵינוֹ עוֹשֶׂה תְּמוּרָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא עַצְמוֹ כִּתְמוּרָה. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים כְּשֶׁהָיָה הַמּוֹנֶה הוּא בַּעַל הַבְּהֵמוֹת אֲבָל הָעוֹשֶׂה שָׁלִיחַ לְעַשֵּׂר לוֹ וְטָעָה בֵּין בַּתְּשִׁיעִי בֵּין בָּאַחַד עָשָׂר אֵין מְקַדֵּשׁ אֶלָּא הָעֲשִׂירִי הַוַּדַּאי בִּלְבַד. שֶׁלֹּא עֲשָׂאָהוּ שָׁלִיחַ לִטְעוֹת וּלְהַפְסִיד אֶלָּא לְקַדֵּשׁ כָּרָאוּי:

And what is their law? The ninth is not offered, but is eaten once it is blemished; the tenth is tithe; and the eleventh is offered as a peace-offering and requires libations like a peace-offering, and it does not effect a substitution, since it is itself like a substitute. To what does this apply? When the one counting was the owner of the animals. But one who appointed an agent to tithe for him, and the agent erred, whether in the ninth or in the eleventh — only the certain tenth is consecrated; for he did not appoint him an agent to err and to cause loss, but to consecrate as is proper.

Halacha 3ג׳

זֶה שֶׁאָמַרְנוּ שֶׁאִם קָרָא לָאַחַד עָשָׂר עֲשִׂירִי נִתְקַדֵּשׁ כְּשֶׁקָּרָא לָעֲשִׂירִי תְּשִׁיעִי אֲבָל אִם קָרָא לָעֲשִׂירִי עֲשִׂירִי וְקָרָא אַחֲרָיו לָאַחַד עָשָׂר עֲשִׂירִי לֹא נִתְקַדֵּשׁ אַחַד עָשָׂר שֶׁהֲרֵי הָעֲשִׂירִי הַוַּדַּאי לֹא עָקַר שֵׁם עֲשִׂירִי מֵעָלָיו. וַאֲפִלּוּ יָצָא הָעֲשִׂירִי וְלֹא קְרָאָהוּ לֹא עֲשִׂירִי וְלֹא אַחַד עָשָׂר אֶלָּא שָׁתַק וְאַחַר כָּךְ יָצָא אַחַד עָשָׂר וּקְרָאָהוּ עֲשִׂירִי לֹא נִתְקַדֵּשׁ שֶׁהָעֲשִׂירִי מֵעַצְמוֹ נִתְקַדֵּשׁ. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא קְרָאָהוּ עֲשִׂירִי הוֹאִיל וְלֹא עָקַר שֵׁם עֲשִׂירִי מֵעָלָיו אֵין אַחַד עָשָׂר מְקֻדָּשׁ:

This that we said, that if he called the eleventh "tenth" it is consecrated, is where he called the tenth "ninth." But if he called the tenth "tenth" and afterwards called the eleventh "tenth," the eleventh is not consecrated, since he did not remove the name "tenth" from the certain tenth. And even if the tenth came out and he called it neither "tenth" nor "eleventh" but was silent, and afterwards the eleventh came out and he called it "tenth," it is not consecrated; for the tenth was consecrated of itself, and even though he did not call it "tenth," since he did not remove the name "tenth" from it, the eleventh does not become consecrated.