הלכות טומאת מת ה׳Defilement by a Corpse 5

Halacha 1א׳

כָּל הַמִּתְטַמְּאִין מֵחֲמַת הַמֵּת בֵּין אָדָם בֵּין כֵּלִים טְמֵאִים טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. כֵּיצַד. אָדָם אוֹ כְּלִי שֶׁנָּגַע בִּדְבָרִים שֶׁמְּטַמְּאִין מִן הַמֵּת בְּמַגָּע. אוֹ שֶׁנִּטְמָא בְּאֹהֶל בְּאֶחָד מִדְּבָרִים שֶׁמְּטַמְּאִין בְּאֹהֶל. וְכֵן אָדָם שֶׁנָּשָׂא דְּבָרִים שֶׁמְּטַמְּאִין מִן הַמֵּת בְּמַשָּׂא. הַכּל טְמֵאִים טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר יט יד) "כָּל הַבָּא אֶל הָאֹהֶל וְכָל אֲשֶׁר בָּאֹהֶל יִטְמָא שִׁבְעַת יָמִים":

All that are made impure on account of a corpse, whether persons or vessels, are impure with a seven-day impurity. How so? A person or a vessel that touched the things that convey impurity from a corpse by contact, or that became impure through a tent by one of the things that convey impurity by a tent; and likewise a person who carried the things that convey impurity from a corpse by carrying — all are impure with a seven-day impurity, as it is said (Numbers 19:14), "Everyone that comes into the tent, and everything that is in the tent, shall be impure seven days."

Halacha 2ב׳

אָדָם שֶׁנִּטְמָא בְּמֵת וְכֵלִים שֶׁיִּגַּע בָּהֶן אָדָם זֶה טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר לא כד) "וְכִבַּסְתֶּם בִּגְדֵיכֶם בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וּטְהַרְתֶּם". אֲבָל אָדָם שֶׁנָּגַע בְּאָדָם שֶׁנִּטְמָא בְּמֵת. בֵּין שֶׁנָּגַע בּוֹ אַחַר שֶׁפֵּרַשׁ מִמְּטַמְּאָיו בֵּין שֶׁנָּגַע בּוֹ כְּשֶׁהוּא עֲדַיִן נוֹגֵעַ בְּמֵת. הֲרֵי זֶה הַשֵּׁנִי טָמֵא טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר יט כב) "וְהַנֶּפֶשׁ הַנֹּגַעַת תִּטְמָא עַד הָעָרֶב". זֶהוּ דִּין תּוֹרָה אֲבָל מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּמֵת וְנָגַע בְּאָדָם אַחֵר וַעֲדַיִן הוּא מְחֻבָּר בַּמֵּת שְׁנֵיהֶן טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה וּכְאִלּוּ נָגַע זֶה הַשֵּׁנִי בַּמֵּת עַצְמוֹ. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים לְעִנְיַן תְּרוּמָה וְקָדָשִׁים. אֲבָל לְנָזִיר וּלְעוֹשֶׂה פֶּסַח בֵּין בִּשְׁעַת חִבּוּר בֵּין אַחַר שֶׁפֵּרַשׁ אֵינוֹ טָמֵא אֶלָּא טֻמְאַת עֶרֶב כְּדִין תּוֹרָה:

A person who became impure through a corpse, and vessels that this person touched, are impure with a seven-day impurity, as it is said (Numbers 31:24), "And you shall wash your garments on the seventh day and be pure." But a person who touched a person who had become impure through a corpse — whether he touched him after he had separated from what made him impure, or touched him while he was still touching the corpse — this second one is impure with an impurity until evening, as it is said (Numbers 19:22), "and the person who touches shall be impure until evening." This is Torah law. But by the words of the Scribes, if one touched a corpse and another person touched him while he is still joined to the corpse, both of them are impure with a seven-day impurity, as though this second one had touched the corpse itself. To what does this apply? With regard to heave-offering and consecrated food. But for a nazirite and for one who brings the paschal offering, whether at the time of the joining or after he has separated, he is impure only with an impurity until evening, as by Torah law.

Halacha 3ג׳

כֵּלִים שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ בְּמֵת בֵּין בְּמַגָּע בֵּין בְּאֹהֶל הֲרֵי הֵן לַנּוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶן כְּנוֹגֵעַ בַּמֵּת עַצְמוֹ. מָה הַמֵּת מְטַמֵּא הַנּוֹגֵעַ בּוֹ בֵּין אָדָם בֵּין כֵּלִים טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה אַף כֵּלִים שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ בַּמֵּת הֵם וְהַכֵּלִים אוֹ הָאָדָם שֶׁיִּגַּע בָּהֶן טְמֵאִין טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר יט טז) "בַּחֲלַל חֶרֶב אוֹ בְמֵת". מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ שֶׁהַחֶרֶב כְּמֵת וְהוּא הַדִּין לִשְׁאָר כֵּלִים. בֵּין כְּלֵי מַתָּכוֹת בֵּין כְּלֵי שֶׁטֶף וּבְגָדִים. הֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר (במדבר לא יט) "כּל הֹרֵג נֶפֶשׁ וְכל נֹגֵעַ בֶּחָלָל" וְכִי תַּעֲלֶה עַל דַּעְתְּךָ שֶׁזֶּה יָרָה חֵץ וְהָרַג אוֹ זָרַק אֶבֶן וְהָרַג נִטְמָא שִׁבְעַת יָמִים. אֶלָּא הוֹרֵג נֶפֶשׁ בְּחֶרֶב וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהּ שֶׁנִּטְמָא בִּנְגִיעָתוֹ בַּכְּלִי שֶׁהָרַג בּוֹ שֶׁהֲרֵי נָגַע הַכְּלִי בְּמֵת. וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁאַף הַכֵּלִים הַנּוֹגְעִין בָּאָדָם שֶׁנָּגַע בְּכֵלִים שֶׁנִּטְמְאוּ בַּמֵּת שֶׁטְּמֵאִים טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה שֶׁהֲרֵי הוּא אוֹמֵר (במדבר לא כד) "וְכִבַּסְתֶּם בִּגְדֵיכֶם בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וּטְהַרְתֶּם". הָא לָמַדְתָּ שֶׁכָּל אָדָם הַטָּמֵא טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה מְטַמֵּא בְּגָדִים טֻמְאַת שִׁבְעָה:

Vessels that became impure through a corpse, whether by contact or by a tent, are for one who touches them as one who touches the corpse itself. Just as a corpse conveys to one who touches it, whether person or vessels, a seven-day impurity, so vessels that became impure through a corpse — they, and the vessels or the person that touch them, are impure with a seven-day impurity, as it is said (Numbers 19:16), "one slain by a sword, or one dead." From tradition they learned that the sword is as the corpse; and the same law applies to the other vessels, whether metal vessels or vessels that can be rinsed, and garments. And so it says (Numbers 31:19), "whoever has killed a person and whoever has touched a slain one." And could it enter your mind that one who shot an arrow and killed, or threw a stone and killed, becomes impure for seven days? Rather it is one who kills a person with a sword and the like, who became impure by his touching the vessel with which he killed, since that vessel touched a corpse. And from where do we know that even the vessels touching a person who touched vessels that became impure through a corpse are impure with a seven-day impurity? For it says (Numbers 31:24), "And you shall wash your garments on the seventh day and be pure." From this you learn that every person impure with a seven-day impurity conveys a seven-day impurity to garments.