הלכות טומאת מת י״טDefilement by a Corpse 19

Halacha 1א׳

כַּוְּרֶת שְׁהִיא מֻטֶּלֶת בָּאָרֶץ וְהִיא בְּתוֹךְ פֶּתַח הַבַּיִת וּפִיהָ לַחוּץ וּכְזַיִת מִן הַמֵּת נָתוּן תַּחְתֶּיהָ אוֹ עַל גַּבָּהּ מִבַּחוּץ. כָּל שֶׁהוּא כְּנֶגֶד הַזַּיִת בְּתַחְתֶּיהָ אוֹ בָּגֹבַהּ טָמֵא וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבַּאֲוִיר תּוֹכָהּ טָהוֹר חוּץ מִכְּלִי שֶׁהוּא כְּנֶגֶד הַטֻּמְאָה וְהַבַּיִת טָהוֹר. הָיְתָה הַטֻּמְאָה בַּבַּיִת אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא הַבַּיִת אֲבָל כֵּלִים שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ תַּחְתֶּיהָ אוֹ עַל גַּבָּהּ טְהוֹרִים. הָיְתָה הַטֻּמְאָה בְּתוֹכָהּ הַכּל טָמֵא כָּל שֶׁבַּבַּיִת וְכָל שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ וְכָל שֶׁעַל גַּבָּהּ וְכָל שֶׁתַּחְתֶּיהָ כְּנֶגֶד הַטֻּמְאָה כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ. הָיְתָה גְּבוֹהָה מִן הָאָרֶץ טֶפַח וְטֻמְאָה תַּחְתֶּיהָ אוֹ בַּבַּיִת אוֹ עַל גַּבָּהּ הַכּל טָמֵא כָּל שֶׁבַּבַּיִת וְכָל שֶׁתַּחְתֶּיהָ וְכָל שֶׁעַל גַּבָּהּ אֲבָל כָּל שֶׁבַּאֲוִיר תּוֹכָהּ טָהוֹר חוּץ מִכְּלִי שֶׁהוּא כְּנֶגֶד הַטֻּמְאָה. הָיְתָה הַטֻּמְאָה בְּתוֹכָהּ הַכּל טָמֵא כָּל שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ וְכָל שֶׁבַּבַּיִת וְכָל שֶׁתַּחְתֶּיהָ וְכָל שֶׁעַל גַּבָּהּ. שֶׁהַכֵּלִים אוֹ הָאָדָם שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ אֹהֶל עַל הַטֻּמְאָה אוֹ שֶׁהָיְתָה הַטֻּמְאָה עַל גַּבֵּיהֶן מְבִיאִין וְלֹא חוֹצְצִין כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא כְּלִי וּמְחֻלְחֶלֶת. אֲבָל אִם הָיְתָה פְּחוּתָה וְסָתַם הַמָּקוֹם הַנִּפְחָת בְּקַשׁ שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵינָהּ כְּלִי. אוֹ שֶׁהָיְתָה אֲפוּצָה עַד שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה בָּהּ חֲלַל טֶפַח אֶלָּא אֲטוּמָה כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִמָּצֵא בָּהּ חֲלַל טֶפַח בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד. הָיְתָה גְּבוֹהָה מִן הָאָרֶץ טֶפַח וְטֻמְאָה תַּחְתֶּיהָ אוֹ בַּבַּיִת. הֲרֵי הַבַּיִת וְכָל שֶׁתַּחְתֶּיהָ טְמֵאִין מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא אֹהֶל אֶחָד וְתוֹכָהּ וְגַבָּהּ טָהוֹר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא אֹהֶל שֶׁל עֵץ וְאֵינוֹ כְּלִי. הָיְתָה טֻמְאָה בְּתוֹכָהּ אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא תּוֹכָהּ. הָיְתָה עַל גַּבָּהּ כְּנֶגְדּוֹ עַד לָרָקִיעַ טָמֵא. הָיְתָה מֻנַּחַת עַל הָאָרֶץ וּפִיהָ לַחוּץ וּכְזַיִת מִן הַמֵּת נָתוּן תַּחְתֶּיהָ כְּנֶגְדּוֹ עַד הַתְּהוֹם טָמֵא. הָיְתָה עַל גַּבָּיו כְּנֶגְדּוֹ עַד הָרָקִיעַ טָמֵא. הָיְתָה טֻמְאָה בַּבַּיִת אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא הַבַּיִת בִּלְבַד. הָיְתָה טֻמְאָה בְּתוֹכָהּ אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא תּוֹכָהּ:

A beehive that is lying upon the ground within the doorway of the house with its mouth facing outwards, and an olive's bulk of a corpse is placed beneath it or upon it on the outer side: everything that is opposite the olive's bulk, beneath it or in the height above it, is impure; and everything that is in the airspace within it is pure, except a vessel that is opposite the impurity; and the house is pure. If the impurity was in the house, only the house is impure, but vessels that are within it, or beneath it, or upon it are pure. If the impurity was within it, all is impure — all that is in the house, and all that is within it, and all that is upon it, and all that is beneath it opposite the impurity, as we have explained. If it was raised a handbreadth from the ground and the impurity was beneath it, or in the house, or upon it, all is impure — all that is in the house, and all that is beneath it, and all that is upon it; but all that is in the airspace within it is pure, except a vessel that is opposite the impurity. If the impurity was within it, all is impure — all that is within it, and all that is in the house, and all that is beneath it, and all that is upon it; for vessels or a person that have been made a tent over the impurity, or upon which the impurity rested, bring and do not interpose, as we have explained. To what does this apply? When it is a vessel and is hollow within. But if it was broken through and he stopped up the broken place with straw, so that it is no longer a vessel; or if it was packed tight so that there is not in it a hollow of a handbreadth but it is stopped up, so that no hollow of a handbreadth is found in it in any one place — if it was raised a handbreadth from the ground and the impurity was beneath it or in the house, the house and all that is beneath it are impure, since it is one tent; and its inside and its top are pure, since it is a tent of wood and is not a vessel. If the impurity was within it, only its inside is impure. If it was upon it, what is opposite it up to the sky is impure. If it was resting upon the ground with its mouth facing outwards and an olive's bulk of a corpse was placed beneath it, what is opposite it down to the depths is impure. If it was upon it, what is opposite it up to the sky is impure. If the impurity was in the house, only the house alone is impure. If the impurity was within it, only its inside is impure.

Halacha 2ב׳

כַּוֶּרֶת הַמֻּטֶּלֶת בָּאָרֶץ בְּתוֹךְ הַפֶּתַח וּפִיהָ לְפָנִים וְהִיא כְּלִי שָׁלֵם וַחֲלוּלָה וּכְזַיִת מִן הַמֵּת נָתוּן תַּחְתֶּיהָ אוֹ עַל גַּבָּהּ מִבַּחוּץ כָּל שֶׁהוּא כְּנֶגֶד הַזַּיִת בְּתַחְתֶּיהָ אוֹ עַל גַּבָּהּ טָמֵא. וְכָל מַה שֶּׁבַּאֲוִיר תּוֹכָהּ טָהוֹר חוּץ מִכְּנֶגֶד הַטֻּמְאָה. וְהַבַּיִת טָהוֹר. הָיְתָה טֻמְאָה בְּתוֹכָהּ אוֹ בַּבַּיִת הַכּל טָמֵא. הָיְתָה גְּבוֹהָה מִן הָאָרֶץ טֶפַח וְטֻמְאָה תַּחְתֶּיהָ אוֹ בְּתוֹכָהּ אוֹ עַל גַּבָּהּ אוֹ בַּבַּיִת הַכּל טָמֵא כָּל שֶׁבַּבַּיִת וְכָל שֶׁתַּחְתֶּיהָ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא וְהַבַּיִת כְּאֹהֶל אֶחָד. וְכָל שֶׁעַל גַּבָּהּ וְכָל שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ טָמֵא שֶׁהַכְּלִי מֵבִיא אֶת הַטֻּמְאָה וְאֵינוֹ חוֹצֵץ כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר. הָיְתָה פְּחוּתָה וּפְקוּקָה בְּקַשׁ אוֹ אֲפוּצָה וּגְבוֹהָה מִן הָאָרֶץ טֶפַח וְטֻמְאָה תַּחְתֶּיהָ אוֹ בַּבַּיִת אוֹ בְּתוֹכָהּ הַכּל טָמֵא חוּץ מֵעַל גַּבָּהּ. הָיְתָה טֻמְאָה עַל גַּבָּהּ כְּנֶגְדּוֹ בִּלְבַד עַד לָרָקִיעַ טָמֵא אֲבָל תּוֹכָהּ טָהוֹר וְתַחְתֶּיהָ וְהַבַּיִת כָּל מַה שֶּׁבָּהֶן טָהוֹר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵינָהּ כְּלִי חוֹצֶצֶת. הָיְתָה מֻנַּחַת עַל הָאָרֶץ וּפִיהָ לְפָנִים וּכְזַיִת מִן הַמֵּת נָתוּן תַּחְתֶּיהָ כְּנֶגְדּוֹ עַד הַתְּהוֹם טָמֵא. הָיְתָה עַל גַּבָּהּ כְּנֶגְדּוֹ עַד לָרָקִיעַ טָמֵא. הָיְתָה הַטֻּמְאָה בְּתוֹכָהּ אוֹ בַּבַּיִת תּוֹכָהּ וְהַבַּיִת טָמֵא:

A beehive lying upon the ground within the doorway with its mouth facing inwards, being a whole vessel and hollow, and an olive's bulk of a corpse placed beneath it or upon it on the outer side: everything that is opposite the olive's bulk, beneath it or upon it, is impure; and all that is in the airspace within it is pure, except what is opposite the impurity; and the house is pure. If the impurity was within it or in the house, all is impure. If it was raised a handbreadth from the ground and the impurity was beneath it, or within it, or upon it, or in the house, all is impure — all that is in the house and all that is beneath it, since it and the house are as one tent; and all that is upon it and all that is within it is impure, since a vessel brings the impurity and does not interpose, as has been explained. If it was broken through and stopped up with straw, or packed tight, and was raised a handbreadth from the ground, and the impurity was beneath it, or in the house, or within it, all is impure except what is upon it. If the impurity was upon it, only what is opposite it up to the sky is impure; but its inside is pure, and beneath it and the house — all that is in them is pure, since it is not a vessel, and it interposes. If it was resting upon the ground with its mouth facing inwards and an olive's bulk of a corpse was placed beneath it, what is opposite it down to the depths is impure. If it was upon it, what is opposite it up to the sky is impure. If the impurity was within it or in the house, its inside and the house are impure.

Halacha 3ג׳

כַּוֶּרֶת שֶׁהִיא בְּתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת וְהִיא מְמַלְּאָה אֶת כָּל גֹּבַהּ הַבַּיִת וּפִיהָ לְמַעְלָה לְקוֹרוֹת הַבַּיִת וְאֵין בֵּינָהּ לְבֵין הַקּוֹרוֹת פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח וְטֻמְאָה בְּתוֹכָהּ הַבַּיִת טָמֵא. טֻמְאָה בַּבַּיִת מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָהּ טָהוֹר. שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ הַטֻּמְאָה לָצֵאת לְתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת בְּפָחוֹת מִטֶּפַח וְאֵין דַּרְכָּהּ לְהִכָּנֵס. בֵּין שֶׁהָיְתָה מֻטָּה עַל צִדָּה וּפִיהָ לַכֹּתֶל וּבֵינוֹ וּבֵין הַכֹּתֶל פָּחוֹת מִטֶּפַח בֵּין שֶׁהָיְתָה כַּוֶּרֶת אַחַת בֵּין שֶׁהָיוּ שְׁתַּיִם זוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי זוֹ וְאֵין בֵּין הָעֶלְיוֹנָה לַקּוֹרוֹת אוֹ לַכֹּתֶל פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח. הָיְתָה עוֹמֶדֶת בְּתוֹךְ הַפֶּתַח וּפִיהָ לְמַעְלָה וְאֵין בֵּינוֹ לְבֵין הַמַּשְׁקוֹף פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח וְטֻמְאָה בְּתוֹכָהּ הַבַּיִת טָהוֹר. טֻמְאָה בַּבַּיִת מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָהּ טָמֵא שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ טֻמְאָה לָצֵאת וְאֵין דַּרְכָּהּ לְהִכָּנֵס:

A beehive that is within the house and fills the whole height of the house, its mouth upwards toward the beams of the house, and there is not between it and the beams an opening of a handbreadth, and there is impurity within it — the house is impure; and if the impurity is in the house, what is within it is pure, for it is the way of impurity to go out into the house through less than a handbreadth, and it is not its way to enter. And this is so whether it was tilted upon its side with its mouth toward the wall and there is less than a handbreadth between it and the wall, and whether there was one beehive or there were two, one upon the other, with not an opening of a handbreadth between the upper one and the beams or the wall. If it was standing within the doorway with its mouth upwards and there is not between it and the lintel an opening of a handbreadth, and there is impurity within it — the house is pure; and if the impurity is in the house, what is within it is impure, for it is the way of impurity to go out and it is not its way to enter.