שבת כ״גShabbat 23

Mishnah 1א׳

שׁוֹאֵל אָדָם מֵחֲבֵרוֹ כַּדֵּי יַיִן וְכַדֵּי שֶׁמֶן, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יֹאמַר לוֹ הַלְוֵנִי, וְכֵן הָאִשָּׁה מֵחֲבֶרְתָּהּ כִּכָּרוֹת. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מַאֲמִינוֹ, מַנִּיחַ טַלִּיתוֹ אֶצְלוֹ וְעוֹשֶׂה עִמּוֹ חֶשְׁבּוֹן לְאַחַר שַׁבָּת. וְכֵן עֶרֶב פֶּסַח בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת, מַנִּיחַ טַלִּיתוֹ אֶצְלוֹ וְנוֹטֵל אֶת פִּסְחוֹ, וְעוֹשֶׂה עִמּוֹ חֶשְׁבּוֹן לְאַחַר יוֹם טוֹב:

A man may ask of his neighbor (on Shabbath) pitchers of wine and pitchers of oil, so long as he does not say: "Lend me." [For "a loan" connotes "for a long time," and it is ruled that "a loan," unqualified, is for thirty days — so that the lender might come to write in his account book (on Sabbath): "I lent that man this and this," so that he not forget.] Likewise, a woman (may ask) loaves of her neighbor. And if he does not trust him, he leaves his cloak with him and he makes an accounting with him after Shabbath. Likewise, on Pesach eve in Jerusalem which falls out on Shabbath, he leaves his cloak with him [if he does not trust him] and he takes his Pesach offering [and dedicates it on Shabbath, for time-specific obligations may be dedicated on Shabbath.], and he makes an accounting with him after the festival.

Mishnah 2ב׳

מוֹנֶה אָדָם אֶת אוֹרְחָיו וְאֶת פַּרְפְּרוֹתָיו מִפִּיו, אֲבָל לֹא מִן הַכְּתָב. וּמֵפִיס עִם בָּנָיו וְעִם בְּנֵי בֵיתוֹ עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִתְכַּוֵּן לַעֲשׂוֹת מָנָה גְדוֹלָה כְּנֶגֶד קְטַנָּה, מִשּׁוּם קֻבְיָא. וּמַטִּילִין חֲלָשִׁים עַל הַקָּדָשִׁים בְּיוֹם טוֹב, אֲבָל לֹא עַל הַמָּנוֹת:

A man may count his guests and his portions verbally, but not from a memo. [If he wrote on Sabbath eve: "Such and such guests, etc." so that he not forget them, he may not read from that memo on Shabbath — a decree, lest he erase. Or else, because he might come to read "secular notes," and on Shabbath it is permitted to read only the written Law and the oral Law (after it was written down), and their commentaries. But other things, or books of wisdom which are not of words of prophecy or their exegeses are forbidden.] And one may cast lots at the table [(to determine who will get which portion)] with his children and family members, [who are "regulars" at his table and who are not overly particular; but not with others, for members of a group who are fastidious with each other, who are not forgiving and yielding with each other, transgress through measuring, weighing, numbering, lending, and paying, the rabbis having decreed against these lest he write.], so long as he not intend a large portion against a small portion, because of gambling. [Our Mishnah is wanting. This is what is meant: "One may cast lots with his children and with his household members at the table, even a large portion against a small portion — but only with his children and household members and not with others. And only if he not intend a large portion against a small portion." It is only then that it is forbidden on a festival and permitted on a weekday. But if he intends a large portion against a small portion, it is forbidden even on a weekday, because of gambling. For this is akin to theft, and asmachta ("reliance") does not effect acquisition. This instance is one of asmachta, for he "relies" on the lot's falling on the large portion, for which reason he acquiesces in the possibility of its falling on the small portion, too. But if he knew ab initio that this would occur, he would not acquiesce.] And it is permitted to cast lots (chalashim) on a festival [upon offerings that were slaughtered on the festival, for distribution among the Cohanim. ("chalashim":) lots, as in (Isaiah 14:12): "Cholesh ('He casts lots') upon the nations."], but not on the portions [of the offerings of the day before.]