שבת כ״דShabbat 24

Mishnah 1א׳

מִי שֶׁהֶחְשִׁיךְ בַּדֶּרֶךְ, נוֹתֵן כִּיסוֹ לְנָכְרִי, וְאִם אֵין עִמּוֹ נָכְרִי, מְנִיחוֹ עַל הַחֲמוֹר. הִגִּיעַ לֶחָצֵר הַחִיצוֹנָה, נוֹטֵל אֶת הַכֵּלִים הַנִּטָּלִין בְּשַׁבָּת, וְשֶׁאֵינָן נִטָּלִין בְּשַׁבָּת, מַתִּיר אֶת הַחֲבָלִים, וְהַשַּׂקִּין נוֹפְלִין מֵאֲלֵיהֶם:

If it were getting dark for one on the road (on Sabbath eve), he gives his purse to a gentile [while it is still day. And even though he becomes the Jew's messenger to carry his purse on Shabbath, it is axiomatic with the rabbis that a man will not contain himself when his money is at stake, and if this (the above) were not permitted, he would come to carry it four cubits in the public domain.] And if there is no gentile with him, he places it on an ass. [But if there is a gentile with him, he gives it to the gentile. Why so? For one is commanded vis-à-vis the resting of an ass, but not vis-à-vis the resting of a gentile. And when he places his purse on the ass when it gets dark, he does so while it is walking; that is, after it lifted its legs to walk, so that it does not perform akirah. And when the animal is going to stop, he removes it from her. And when she again lifts her legs to walk, he again places it upon her — this, so that the animal not perform akirah and hanachah. For if he is allowed to perform akirah and hanachah with him driving and leading it, he is "mechamer" (driving a laden beast) on Shabbath, which is forbidden whatever the beast is carrying, viz. (Exodus 20:10): "You shall not perform any labor, you … and your beast." Which labor is it that is performed jointly between a man and his beast? Mechamer.] When he reaches the outer courtyard [of the city, the first guarded place — When he comes to unload the ass] he takes [from it with his hand] vessels which may be moved on Shabbath. And (to release) those which may not be moved on Shabbath, he frees the [saddle] ropes, and the sacks fall of themselves.

Mishnah 2ב׳

מַתִּירִין פְּקִיעֵי עָמִיר לִפְנֵי בְהֵמָה, וּמְפַסְפְּסִים אֶת הַכֵּפִין, אֲבָל לֹא אֶת הַזֵּרִין. אֵין מְרַסְּקִין לֹא אֶת הַשַּׁחַת וְלֹא אֶת הֶחָרוּבִין לִפְנֵי בְהֵמָה, בֵּין דַּקָּה בֵּין גַּסָּה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַתִּיר בֶּחָרוּבִין לַדַּקָּה:

It is permitted to untie bundles of sheaves before a beast (on Shabbath). [For so long as they are tied, they are not (ready) food, and they are untied to render them food. But to scatter them, as grass is scattered before animals, so that they smell them and find them appetizing — this is forbidden with bundles of sheaves. For since they are rendered food with the untying of the bundles, the scattering only provides for greater enjoyment, and it is forbidden to exert oneself (on Shabbath) for something which is already food.] It is permitted to scatter kifin [moist rice leaves. It is permitted to scatter and spread them out before the beast to smell. For without such scattering it is not food], but not zirin. [They are the same as "pekiei amir" ("bundles of sheaves," above) but whereas peki'in have two ties, one on either end, zirin have three ties. And even though they are tightly compressed and generate heat, so that the animal shuns them, still, he is permitted only to free the three ties, rendering them "food," as peki'in.] It is forbidden to cut up both grain-grass or carobs as fodder for a beast, either large or small, [this being (regarded as) unnecessary exertion]. R. Yehudah permits it with carobs for a small animal, [it being hard for a small animal to chew carobs with its thin teeth. The halachah is not in accordance with R. Yehudah.]