ביצה ד׳Beitzah 4

Mishnah 1א׳

הַמֵּבִיא כַדֵּי יַיִן מִמָּקוֹם לְמָקוֹם, לֹא יְבִיאֵם בְּסַל וּבְקֻפָּה, אֲבָל מֵבִיא הוּא עַל כְּתֵפוֹ אוֹ לְפָנָיו. וְכֵן הַמּוֹלִיךְ אֶת הַתֶּבֶן, לֹא יַפְשִׁיל אֶת הַקֻּפָּה לַאֲחוֹרָיו, אֲבָל מְבִיאָהּ הוּא בְיָדוֹ. וּמַתְחִילִין בַּעֲרֵמַת הַתֶּבֶן, אֲבָל לֹא בָעֵצִים שֶׁבַּמֻּקְצֶה:

One who brings jars of wine from one place to another, he may not bring them in a basket nor in a large vessel, but he may bring [them] on his shoulders or in front of him. Similarly, one who transports straw may not drape the large vessel [in which he is carrying it] over his back, but rather he must bring it in his hands. And one may start on a [new] heap of straw [on a holiday], but not [on a new pile of] wood which was set aside [in the yard].

Mishnah 2ב׳

אֵין נוֹטְלִין עֵצִים מִן הַסֻּכָּה, אֶלָּא מִן הַסָּמוּךְ לָהּ. מְבִיאִין עֵצִים מִן הַשָּׂדֶה מִן הַמְכֻנָּס, וּמִן הַקַּרְפֵּף אֲפִלּוּ מִן הַמְפֻזָּר. אֵיזֶהוּ קַרְפֵּף, כֹּל שֶׁסָּמוּךְ לָעִיר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כֹּל שֶׁנִּכְנָסִין לוֹ בְפוֹתַחַת, וַאֲפִלּוּ בְתוֹךְ תְּחוּם שַׁבָּת:

One may not take wood from a hut, but rather [one can take wood] from what is next to it. Wood may be brought in from the field from that which has been gathered together, and from an enclosure even from that which is scattered. What is [considered] an enclosure [for these purposes]? Any [enclosure] that is close to a city, according to Rabbi Yehudah. Rabbi Yose says: any which one enters into with a key, even if it is [not necessarily close to the city, but rather only] within the techum of Shabbat [the area around a person or community within which it is permissible to travel on Shabbat].

Mishnah 3ג׳

אֵין מְבַקְּעִין עֵצִים, לֹא מִן הַקּוֹרוֹת, וְלֹא מִן הַקּוֹרָה שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָה בְיוֹם טוֹב. וְאֵין מְבַקְּעִין לֹא בְקַרְדֹּם וְלֹא בִמְגֵרָה וְלֹא בְמַגָּל, אֶלָּא בְקוֹפִיץ. בַּיִת שֶׁהוּא מָלֵא פֵרוֹת, סָתוּם וְנִפְחַת, נוֹטֵל מִמְּקוֹם הַפְּחָת. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אַף פּוֹחֵת לְכַתְּחִלָּה וְנוֹטֵל:

One may not chop up wood, neither from beams nor from a beam which broke on the festival. And one may not chop with an axe nor with a saw nor with a sickle, but rather only with a hatchet. Regarding a structure [literally: a house] full of produce which was sealed and then breached [on the festival], one may take [produce] out through the breach. Rabbi Meir says: one may even breach it at the outset, and take out [the produce].

Mishnah 4ד׳

אֵין פּוֹתְחִין אֶת הַנֵּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה כְלִי. וְאֵין עוֹשִׂין פֶּחָמִין בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְאֵין חוֹתְכִין אֶת הַפְּתִילָה לִשְׁנַיִם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, חוֹתְכָהּ בָּאוּר לִשְׁתֵּי נֵרוֹת:

One may not make a hole in [a piece of clay in order to make it a holder for] a candle, because one would [thereby] be making a vessel. And charcoal may not be made on a holiday, nor may one cut a wick into two. Rabbi Yehudah says: one may use a flame to cut it into two candles.

Mishnah 5ה׳

אֵין שׁוֹבְרִין אֶת הַחֶרֶס, וְאֵין חוֹתְכִין אֶת הַנְּיָר לִצְלוֹת בּוֹ מָלִיחַ, וְאֵין גּוֹרְפִין תַּנּוּר וְכִירַיִם, אֲבָל מְכַבְּשִׁין, וְאֵין מַקִּיפִין שְׁתֵּי חָבִיּוֹת לִשְׁפֹּת עֲלֵיהֶן אֶת הַקְּדֵרָה, וְאֵין סוֹמְכִין אֶת הַקְּדֵרָה בְבַקַּעַת, וְכֵן בְּדֶלֶת, וְאֵין מַנְהִיגִין אֶת הַבְּהֵמָה בְמַקֵּל בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מַתִּיר:

One may not break up [pieces of] pottery [to use for cooking], nor may one cut paper to roast a salty [fish] dish in it. And one may not rake out an oven or a stove, but one may press [the ashes] down. And one may not bring two casks near to one another in order to rest a saucepan on them [i.e. like a make-shift stove, with a flame lit between them]. And one may not prop up a pot with a [wooden] shard, and the same applies to a door. And one may not drive livestock with a stick on a festival; and Rabbi Elazar bar Rabbi Shimon permits.

Mishnah 6ו׳

רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, נוֹטֵל אָדָם קֵיסָם מִשֶּׁלְּפָנָיו לַחֲצֹץ בּוֹ שִׁנָּיו. וּמְגַבֵּב מִן הֶחָצֵר וּמַדְלִיק, שֶׁכָּל מַה שֶּׁבֶּחָצֵר מוּכָן הוּא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, מְגַבֵּב מִשֶּׁלְּפָנָיו וּמַדְלִיק:

Rabbi Eliezer says: One may take a [wooden] chip that is before him to pick his teeth with it, and one may rake up [twigs] from the courtyard and light [a fire with them], since everything in a courtyard is [considered] prepared [from the day before for use on the festival]. And the Sages say: one may rake up [only] that which is before him and light [with it].

Mishnah 7ז׳

אֵין מוֹצִיאִין אֶת הָאוּר לֹא מִן הָעֵצִים, וְלֹא מִן הָאֲבָנִים, וְלֹא מִן הֶעָפָר, וְלֹא מִן הַמַּיִם, וְאֵין מְלַבְּנִין אֶת הָרְעָפִים לִצְלוֹת בָּהֶן. וְעוֹד אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, עוֹמֵד אָדָם עַל הַמֻּקְצֶה עֶרֶב שַׁבָּת בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, וְאוֹמֵר, מִכָּאן אֲנִי אוֹכֵל לְמָחָר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עַד שֶׁיִּרְשֹׁם וְיֹאמַר, מִכָּאן וְעַד כָּאן:

One may not produce fire from wood, nor from stones, nor from dust, nor from water [reflecting sunlight]. And one may not heat flints to be white-hot in order to roast on them. Additionally, Rabbi Eliezer said: One may stand beside a set aside pile on the eve of the Sabbat in the sabbatical year and say, “I will eat from here tomorrow,” [and his words are sufficient to permit accessing the set aside items on Shabbat]. And the Sages say: [it is not sufficient] until he marks it and says, “[I will eat] from here to here.”