ביצה ג׳Beitzah 3

Mishnah 1א׳

אֵין צָדִין דָּגִים מִן הַבֵּיבָרִין בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְאֵין נוֹתְנִין לִפְנֵיהֶם מְזוֹנוֹת. אֲבָל צָדִין חַיָּה וָעוֹף מִן הַבֵּיבָרִין, וְנוֹתְנִין לִפְנֵיהֶם מְזוֹנוֹת. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, לֹא כָל הַבֵּיבָרִין שָׁוִין. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל הַמְחֻסָּר צִידָה אָסוּר, וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ מְחֻסָּר צִידָה מֻתָּר:

One may not hunt fish from fish ponds on a festival, nor may one place food before them. But one may hunt wild animals and poultry from pens, and one may place food before them. Rabbi Shimon ben Gamliel says: not all pens are alike. This is the general rule: any [animal] that still requires hunting is forbidden [to capture on a festival], and one that does not require hunting is permitted.

Mishnah 2ב׳

מְצוּדוֹת חַיָּה וָעוֹף וְדָגִים שֶׁעֲשָׂאָן מֵעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב, לֹא יִטֹּל מֵהֶן בְּיוֹם טוֹב, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁנִּצּוֹדוּ מֵעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב. וּמַעֲשֶׂה בְנָכְרִי אֶחָד, שֶׁהֵבִיא דָגִים לְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, וְאָמַר, מֻתָּרִין הֵן, אֶלָּא שֶׁאֵין רְצוֹנִי לְקַבֵּל הֵימֶנּוּ:

If traps for wild animals, or poultry, or fish were laid on the eve of a festival, one may not remove [any captured animals] from them on the festival, unless it is known that they were trapped on the eve of the festival. It happened that a gentile once brought fish to Rabban Gamliel, and he said, "They are permitted, but I do not wish to receive them from him."

Mishnah 3ג׳

בְּהֵמָה מְסֻכֶּנֶת לֹא יִשְׁחֹט, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן יֵשׁ שָׁהוּת בַּיּוֹם לֶאֱכֹל מִמֶּנָּה כַּזַּיִת צָלִי. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ כַזַּיִת חַי מִבֵּית טְבִיחָתָהּ. שְׁחָטָהּ בַּשָּׂדֶה, לֹא יְבִיאֶנָּה בְמוֹט וּבְמוֹטָה. אֲבָל מֵבִיא בְיָדוֹ אֵבָרִים אֵבָרִים:

An animal in grave danger [of dying] may not be slaughtered on a festival, unless there would be sufficient time during that day to eat the equivalent of an olive [in volume] of its roasted meat. Rabbi Akiva says: even [enough time for] the equivalent of an olive of raw meat taken from the place of slaughtering [i.e. the neck, would be sufficient]. If one slaughtered it in the field, he may not bring it [back] on a pole or in a barrow; rather he may bring it back in his hands, piece by piece.

Mishnah 4ד׳

בְּכוֹר שֶׁנָּפַל לְבוֹר, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, יֵרֵד מֻמְחֶה וְיִרְאֶה, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ מוּם, יַעֲלֶה וְיִשְׁחֹט. וְאִם לָאו, לֹא יִשְׁחֹט. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כֹּל שֶׁאֵין מוּמוֹ נִכָּר מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם, אֵין זֶה מִן הַמּוּכָן:

If a firstborn [animal] fell into a pit [on a festival], Rabbi Yehuda says: an expert should go down and inspect it; if it has a blemish, one may bring it up and slaughter it; and if it does not, one may not slaughter it. Rabbi Shimon says: any [animal] whose blemish was not recognized while it was still the previous day is not [considered] prepared [before the festival, and therefore it may not be used on that day].

Mishnah 5ה׳

בְּהֵמָה שֶׁמֵּתָה, לֹא יְזִיזֶנָּה מִמְּקוֹמָהּ. וּמַעֲשֶׂה וְשָׁאֲלוּ אֶת רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַחַלָּה שֶׁנִּטְמְאָה, וְנִכְנַס לְבֵית הַמִּדְרָשׁ וְשָׁאַל, וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ, לֹא יְזִיזֵם מִמְּקוֹמָם:

If an animal died [on a festival], one may not move it from its place. And it happened once that they asked Rabbi Tarfon regarding this, and regarding challah [a portion of dough which one is required to separate out and give to a priest when one bakes bread] that was rendered impure [on a holiday]. So he went into the house of study, and he asked, and they said to him, "one may not move them from their places."

Mishnah 6ו׳

אֵין נִמְנִין עַל הַבְּהֵמָה לְכַתְּחִלָּה בְּיוֹם טוֹב, אֲבָל נִמְנִין עָלֶיהָ מֵעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב וְשׁוֹחֲטִין וּמְחַלְּקִין בֵּינֵיהֶן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שׁוֹקֵל אָדָם בָּשָׂר כְּנֶגֶד הַכְּלִי אוֹ כְנֶגֶד הַקּוֹפִיץ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין מַשְׁגִּיחִין בְּכַף מֹאזְנַיִם כָּל עִקָּר:

Individuals may not appoint themselves upon an animal [i.e. to be part of a group of people each paying for a share of its meat] on a festival at the outset, but they may appoint themselves upon it on the eve of the festival, and they may slaughter it and distribute it among themselves. Rabbi Yehudah says: One may weigh meat [on a holiday] against a vessel or against a hatchet. And the Sages say: a pair of scales may not be handled at all.

Mishnah 7ז׳

אֵין מַשְׁחִיזִין אֶת הַסַּכִּין בְּיוֹם טוֹב, אֲבָל מַשִּׂיאָהּ עַל גַּבֵּי חֲבֶרְתָּהּ. לֹא יֹאמַר אָדָם לַטַּבָּח, שְׁקוֹל לִי בְדִינָר בָּשָׂר. אֲבָל שׁוֹחֵט וּמְחַלְּקִים בֵּינֵיהֶן:

One may not sharpen a knife on a festival, but one may draw it across another one [to sharpen it]. One may not say to a butcher, "Weigh for me one dinar's worth of meat." But he may slaughter [the animal] and they can divide it among themselves [to reach the desired amount, which the customer can then pay for after the holiday].

Mishnah 8ח׳

אוֹמֵר אָדָם לַחֲבֵרוֹ, מַלֵּא לִי כְלִי זֶה, אֲבָל לֹא בַמִּדָּה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיָה כְלִי שֶׁל מִדָּה, לֹא יְמַלְאֶנּוּ. מַעֲשֶׂה בְאַבָּא שָׁאוּל בֶּן בָּטְנִית, שֶׁהָיָה מְמַלֵּא מִדּוֹתָיו מֵעֶרֶב יוֹם טוֹב וְנוֹתְנָן לַלָּקוֹחוֹת בְּיוֹם טוֹב. אַבָּא שָׁאוּל אוֹמֵר, אַף בַּמּוֹעֵד עוֹשֶׂה כֵן, מִפְּנֵי בֵרוּרֵי הַמִּדּוֹת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אַף בְּחֹל עוֹשֶׂה כֵן, מִפְּנֵי מִצּוּי הַמִּדּוֹת. הוֹלֵךְ אָדָם אֵצֶל חֶנְוָנִי הָרָגִיל אֶצְלוֹ, וְאוֹמֵר לוֹ, תֵּן לִי בֵּיצִים וֶאֱגוֹזִים בְּמִנְיָן, שֶׁכֵּן דֶּרֶךְ בַּעַל הַבַּיִת לִהְיוֹת מוֹנֶה בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ:

One may say to his fellow [on a holiday], “Fill this vessel for me,” but it may not be of a specific measure. Rabbi Yehudah says: if it is a measuring vessel, one may not fill it. It happened that Abba Shaul ben Batnit would fill his measuring vessels on the eves of holidays and give them to customers on the festival. Abba Shaul says: he would do this even during the intermediate days on account of the clarification measures [i.e. in order to save time determining specific measures]. And the Sages say: he would do this even on weekdays on account of that [remaining liquid] which is found in the measures [i.e. to makes sure that every drop stuck to the measures went to the customers, in order to ensure that he was not stealing from them]. One may go to a shopkeeper to whom one regularly goes and say to him, “Give me a certain measure of eggs and nuts,” since this is the way a homeowner counts in his own house.