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ויקרא רבה ט״וVayikra Rabbah 15

Parashah 15 of 37 in Vayikra Rabbah — 9 sections

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Section 1א׳

אָדָם כִּי יִהְיֶה בְעוֹר בְּשָׂרוֹ שְׂאֵת אוֹ סַפַּחַת אוֹ בַהֶרֶת (ויקרא יג, ב), הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (איוב כח, כה): לַעֲשׂוֹת לָרוּחַ מִשְׁקָל וּמַיִם תִּכֵּן בְּמִדָּה, אָמַר רַב הוּנָא בִּשְׁלשָׁה מְקוֹמוֹת יָצְתָה רוּחַ שֶׁלֹּא בְמִשְׁקָל וּכְבָר הָיָה לָהּ לְהַחֲרִיב אֶת הָעוֹלָם, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: אֶחָד בִּימֵי אִיּוֹב, וְאֶחָד בִּימֵי יוֹנָה, וְאֶחָד בִּימֵי אֵלִיָּהוּ. בִּימֵי אִיּוֹב שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (איוב א, יט): וְהִנֵּה רוּחַ גְּדוֹלָה בָּאָה מֵעֵבֶר הַמִּדְבָּר. בִּימֵי יוֹנָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יונה א, ד): וַה' הֵטִיל רוּחַ גְּדוֹלָה אֶל הַיָּם. בִּימֵי אֵלִיָּהוּ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים א יט, יא): וַיֹּאמֶר צֵא וְעָמַדְתָּ בָהָר [לפני ה'] וְהִנֵּה ה' עֹבֵר וְרוּחַ גְּדוֹלָה וְחָזָק מְפָרֵק הָרִים, אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָא בְּרַבִּי שָׁלוֹם הִיא אוֹתָהּ שֶׁל אִיּוֹב הִיא אוֹתָהּ שֶׁל יוֹנָה הִיא אוֹתָהּ שֶׁל אֵלִיָּהוּ, בִּשְׁבִיל אוֹתָהּ הַבַּיִת הָיְתָה אוֹתָהּ שֶׁל אִיּוֹב, בִּשְׁבִיל אוֹתָהּ סְפִינָה הָיְתָה אוֹתָהּ שֶׁל יוֹנָה, בִּשְׁבִיל אוֹתָהּ מַעֲשֶׂה הָיְתָה אוֹתָהּ שֶׁל אֵלִיָּהוּ, וְאֵין לְךָ גְּדוֹלָה בָּהֶם אֶלָּא אוֹתָהּ שֶׁל אֵלִיָּהוּ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: וַיֹּאמֶר צֵא וְעָמַדְתָּ בָהָר. אָמַר רַבִּי תַּנְחוּם בְּרַבִּי חִיָּא וְאָמְרֵי לָהּ בְּשֵׁם רַבָּנָן, אֵין מֶלֶךְ הַמָּשִׁיחַ בָּא עַד שֶׁיִּכְלוּ כָּל הַנְּפָשׁוֹת שֶׁעָלוּ בַּמַּחֲשָׁבָה לְהִבָּראוֹת, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן הָאֲמוּרוֹת בַּסֵּפֶר שֶׁל אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (בראשית ה, א): זֶה סֵפֶר תּוֹלְדֹת אָדָם, אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהָרוּחַ יוֹצֵאת מִלִּפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְשַׁבְּרוֹ בֶּהָרִים וּמְרַשְׁלוֹ בַּגְּבָעוֹת וְאוֹמֵר לוֹ הֱוֵי זָהִיר שֶׁלֹּא תַּזִיק לִבְרִיּוֹתַי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה נז, טז): כִּי רוּחַ מִלְּפָנַי יַעֲטוֹף וּנְשָׁמוֹת אֲנִי עָשִׂיתִי, בִּשְׁבִיל נְשָׁמוֹת שֶׁאֲנִי עָשִׂיתִי, (איוב כח, כה): וּמַיִם תִּכֵּן בְּמִדָּה, רַבִּי יוּדָן בַּר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אָמַר אֲפִלּוּ מַיִם שֶׁיּוֹרְדִין מִלְּמַעְלָה לֹא נִתְּנוּ אֶלָּא בְּמִדָּה, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (איוב לו, כט): כִּי יְגָרַע נִטְפֵי מָיִם, וּכְתִיב (ויקרא כז, יח): וְנִגְרַע מֵעֶרְכְּךָ.

“A man, if he will have on the skin of his flesh a spot, or a scab, or a bright spot, and it will become a mark of leprosy on the skin of his flesh, he shall be brought to Aaron the priest, or to one of his sons the priests” (Leviticus 13:2). “A man, if he will have on the skin of his flesh a spot, or a scab, or a bright spot” – that is what is written: “To set calibration of the wind and allocate water by measure” (Job 28:25). Rav Huna said: In three instances wind emerged without calibration, and it had the capacity to destroy the world. These are they: One in the days of Job, one in the days of Jonah, and one in the days of Elijah. In the days of Job, as it is stated: “And behold, a great wind came from across the wilderness” (Job 1:19). In the days of Jonah, as it is stated: “But the Lord cast a great wind toward the sea” (Jonah 1:4). In the days of Elijah, as it is stated: “He said: Go out and stand on the mountain [before the Lord]. And behold, the Lord was passing, and there was a great and powerful wind, smashing mountains” (I Kings 19:11). Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Shalom said: It was the same one [in the time] of Job, [in the time] of Jonah, [and in the time] of Elijah. The one [in the time] of Job was for that house. The one [in the time] of Jonah was for that ship. The one [in the time] of Elijah was for that action. But the greatest among them was the one of Elijah. That is what is written: “Go out and stand on the mountain [before the Lord].” Rabbi Tanḥum ben Rabbi Ḥiyya said, and some say it in the name of the Rabbis: The messianic king will come only after all the souls that [God] intended to create will be finished. These are those that are stated in the book of Adam the first man. That is what is written: “This is the book of the descendants of Adam” (Genesis 5:1). Rabbi Yehoshua ben Rabbi Ḥanina said: When the wind emerges from before the Holy One blessed be He, He breaks it on the mountains, weakens it on the hills, and says to it: ‘Be careful that you do not harm My creations,’ as it is stated: “For the wind will submit before Me and it is I who crafted their souls” (Isaiah 57:16); ‘For the sake of the souls that I crafted.’ “And allocate water by measure” – Rabbi Yudan bar Rabbi Shimon said: Even water that descends from above is given only by measure. That is what is written: “For He withholds [yegara] water drops” (Job 36:27), and it is written: “And it shall be deducted [venigra] from your valuation” (Leviticus 27:18).

Section 2ב׳

דָּבָר אַחֵר (איוב כח, כה): לַעֲשׂוֹת לָרוּחַ מִשְׁקָל, אָמַר רַבִּי אַחָא אֲפִלּוּ רוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ שֶׁשּׁוֹרָה עַל הַנְּבִיאִים אֵינָהּ שׁוֹרָה אֶלָּא בְּמִשְׁקָל, יֵשׁ שֶׁמִּתְנַבֵּא סֵפֶר אֶחָד וְיֵשׁ שְׁנַיִם. אָמַר רַבִּי סִימוֹן שְׁנֵי דְבָרִים נִתְנַבֵּא בְּאֵרִי וְלֹא הָיָה בָהֶם כְּדֵי סֵפֶר וְנִטַפְּלוּ בִּישַׁעְיָה, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן (ישעיה ח, יט): וְכִי יֹאמְרוּ אֲלֵיכֶם דִּרְשׁוּ אֶל הָאֹבוֹת וְאֶל הַיִּדְעֹנִים, וַחֲבֵרוֹ (איוב כח, כה): וּמַיִם תִּכֵּן בְּמִדָּה, אָמַר רַבִּי יוּדָן בְּרַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל וַאֲפִלּוּ דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה שֶׁנִּתְּנוּ מִלְּמַעְלָה לֹא נִתְּנוּ אֶלָּא בְּמִדָּה, וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: מִקְרָא, מִשְׁנָה, תַּלְמוּד, הֲלָכוֹת וְאַגָּדָה, יֵשׁ זוֹכֶה לְמִקְרָא וְיֵשׁ לְמִשְׁנָה וְיֵשׁ לְתַלְמוּד וְיֵשׁ לְהַגָּדָה וְיֵשׁ זוֹכֶה לְכֻלָּן. דָּבָר אַחֵר, לַעֲשׂוֹת לָרוּחַ מִשְׁקָל, בְּנֹהַג שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם הַבְּרִיּוֹת אוֹמְרִים אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי רוּחוֹ יְתֵרָה, אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי רוּחוֹ קְצָרָה, שֶׁנִּתְּנָה בּוֹ רוּחַ קָטִיקָטוֹן. וּמַיִם תִּכֵּן בְּמִדָה, אָדָם הָיָה מְשׁוּקָל חֶצְיוֹ מַיִם וְחֶצְיוֹ דָּם, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהוּא זוֹכֶה לֹא הַמַּיִם רָבִין עַל הַדָּם וְלֹא הַדָּם רָבִין עַל הַמַּיִם, וּבִזְמַן שֶׁחוֹטֵא פְּעָמִים שֶׁהַמַּיִם רָבִין עַל הַדָּם וְנַעֲשָׂה אַדְרִיפִיקוֹס, וּפְעָמִים שֶׁהַדָּם רָבִין עַל הַמַּיִם וְנַעֲשָׂה מְצוֹרָע, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב אָדָם, אוֹ דָם.

Another matter, “to set calibration of the wind [laruaḥ]” – Rabbi Aḥa said: Even the Divine Spirit [ruaḥ] that rests upon the prophets, rests only with calibration. Some prophesy one book, and some two. Rabbi Simon said: Be’eri prophesied two matters, but they did not suffice for a book, so they were subsumed in Isaiah. These are they: “If they will say to you: Seek the mediums and the oracles” (Isaiah 8:19), and its counterpart. “And allocate water by measure” – Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Shmuel said: Even matters of Torah that were given from above, were given only by measure, and these are: Bible, Mishna, Talmud, halakhot, and aggadot. Some merit [to study] Bible, some [merit to study] Mishna, some [merit to study] Talmud, some [merit to study] aggada, and some [merit to study] them all. Another matter, “to set calibration of the wind” – the way of the world is that people say: So-and-so is broad of spirit; so-and-so is narrow of spirit, as a spirit of pettiness has been introduced into him. “And allocate water by measure” – a person is balanced, half of him water and half of him blood. When he merits, the water is not greater than the blood and the blood is not greater than the water. But when he sins, sometimes the water is greater than the blood and he is afflicted with dropsy, and sometimes the blood is greater than the water and he becomes a leper. That is what is written: “A man [adam],” or blood [o dam].

Section 3ג׳

דָּבָר אַחֵר, אָדָם כִּי יִהְיֶה בְעוֹר בְּשָׂרוֹ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (איוב לח, כה): מִי פִלַּג לַשֶּׁטֶף תְּעָלָה, אָמַר רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה אִית אַתְרִין דְּצָוְחִין לְשַׂעֲרָא שִׁיטְפָא, מַעֲשֶׂה בְּאָדָם אֶחָד שֶׁהָיָה יוֹשֵׁב וְדוֹרֵשׁ וְאָמַר אֵין לְךָ כָּל נִימָא וְנִימָא שֶׁלֹּא בָּרָא לָהּ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא גּוּמָא בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא תְּהֵא אַחַת מֵהֶן נֶהֱנֵית מֵחֲבֶרְתָּהּ, אָמְרָה לוֹ אִשְׁתּוֹ וְעַכְשָׁיו אַתָּה מְבַקֵּשׁ לָצֵאת לָתוּר פַּרְנָסָתְךָ, תִּיב וּבָרְיָךְ קָאֵים לָךְ. שָׁמַע לָהּ וִיתִיב לֵיהּ וְקָם לֵיהּ בָּרְיֵהּ. (איוב לח, כה): וְדֶרֶךְ לַחֲזִיז קֹלוֹת, אֲפִלּוּ קוֹל שֶׁיּוֹצֵא מִן הָרָקִיעַ עָשָׂה לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שְׁבִיל בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, וְכָל כָּךְ לָמָּה שֶׁלֹּא תֵצֵא וְתַחֲרִיב אֶת הָעוֹלָם. דָּבָר אַחֵר, וְדֶרֶךְ לַחֲזִיז קֹלוֹת, אָמַר רַבִּי אָבִין מָשָׁל לְגִנַּת יָרָק שֶׁהַמַּעְיָן לְתוֹכָהּ, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהַמַּעְיָן לְתוֹכָהּ יַרְקָהּ מַשְׁחִיר, פָּסַק הַמַּעְיָן הִלְבִּין יַרְקָהּ. כָּךְ זָכָה אָדָם (ויקרא יג, לז): וְשֵׂעָר שָׁחֹר צָמַח בּוֹ נִרְפָּא הַנֶּתֶק טָהוֹר הוּא, וְאִם לָאו, (ויקרא יג, ג): וְשֵׂעָר בַּנֶּגַע הָפַךְ לָבָן, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: אָדָם כִּי יִהְיֶה, אוֹ דָם.

Another matter, “A man, if he will have on the skin of his flesh” – that is what is written: “Who cleaved a channel for the torrent [shetef]” (Job 38:25). There are places where they call hair shitfa. There was an incident involving a certain man who was sitting and expounding, and he said: ‘You do not have any hair for which the Holy One blessed be He did not create its own follicle, so that one would not derive benefit from that of another.’ His wife said to him: ‘Now you want to go out and seek your sustenance? Stay and your Creator will sustain you.’ He heeded her and stayed, and his Creator sustained him. “Or a path for the lightning of thunder” (Job 38:25); even for thunder that comes from the sky, the Holy One blessed be He crafts for it its own path. Why to that extent? So it will not go out and destroy the entire world. Alternatively, “or a path for the lightning of thunder” – Rabbi Avin said: This is analogous to a vegetable garden into which a spring flows. As long as the spring flows into it, its vegetables are dark. If the spring stops, its vegetables will grow pale. So too, if a person merits, “black hair grew in it; the scall healed, it is pure” (Leviticus 13:37). If not, “the hair in the mark turned white” (Leviticus 13:3). That is what is written: “A man [adam], if he will have,” or blood [o dam].

…and 4 more sections in this chapter.

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Vayikra Rabbah — Midrash Rabbah, TE edition, via Sefaria

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