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ויקרא רבה י״דVayikra Rabbah 14

Parashah 14 of 37 in Vayikra Rabbah — 9 sections

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Section 1א׳

אִשָּׁה כִּי תַזְרִיעַ (ויקרא יב, ב), הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (תהלים קלט, ה): אָחוֹר וָקֶדֶם צַרְתָּנִי, אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אִם זָכָה אָדָם נוֹחֵל שְׁנֵי עוֹלָמוֹת, הַזֶּה וְהַבָּא, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: אָחוֹר וָקֶדֶם צַרְתָּנִי, וְאִם לָאו בָּא לִתֵּן דִּין וְחֶשְׁבּוֹן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קלט, ה): וַתָּשֶׁת עָלַי כַּפֶּכָה, כְּדִכְתִיב (איוב יג, כא): כַּפְּךָ מֵעָלַי הַרְחַק, אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁבָּרָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן, אַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס בְּרָאוֹ, אָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁנִּבְרָא דוּ פַּרְצוּפִין נִבְרָא וּנְסָרוֹ וְנַעֲשָׂה שְׁנַיִם גַּבִּים, גַּב לְזָכָר גַּב לִנְקֵבָה. אֵיתִיבוּן לֵיהּ (בראשית ב, כא): וַיִּקַּח אַחַת מִצַּלְעֹתָיו, אָמַר לָהֶן מִסִּטְרוֹהִי, כְּדִכְתִיב (שמות כו, כ): וּלְצֶלַע הַמִּשְׁכָּן. אָמַר רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה וְרַבִּי חֶלְבּוֹ וְרַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁבָּרָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן מִסּוֹף הָעוֹלָם וְעַד סוֹפוֹ מְלוֹא כָל הָעוֹלָם כֻּלּוֹ בְּרָאוֹ. מִן הַמִּזְרָח לַמַּעֲרָב מִנַּיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אָחוֹר וָקֶדֶם צַרְתָּנִי, מִן הַצָּפוֹן לַדָּרוֹם מִנַיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ד, לב): וּלְמִקְצֵה הַשָּׁמַיִם וְעַד קְצֵה הַשָּׁמָיִם, וּמִנַּיִן כַּחֲלָלוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַתָּשֶׁת עָלַי כַּפֶּכָה. אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אָחוֹר זֶה יוֹם רִאשׁוֹן, וָקֶדֶם זֶה יוֹם הָאַחֲרוֹן, עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר דִּכְתִיב (בראשית א, כד): תּוֹצֵא הָאָרֶץ נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה לְמִינָהּ, נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה, זוֹ רוּחוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן. אָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ אָחוֹר זֶה יוֹם הָאַחֲרוֹן, וָקֶדֶם זֶה יוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן, עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרֵישׁ לָקִישׁ דִּכְתִיב (בראשית א, ב): וְרוּחַ אֱלֹהִים מְרַחֶפֶת עַל פְּנֵי הַמָּיִם, זֶה רוּחוֹ שֶׁל מֶלֶךְ הַמָּשִׁיחַ, אִם זָכָה אָדָם אוֹמְרִים לוֹ אַתָּה קָדַמְתָּ לְכָל מַעֲשֵׂה בְרֵאשִׁית, וְאִם לָאו אוֹמְרִים לוֹ יַתּוּשׁ קַדְמָךְ, שִׁלְשׁוּל קַדְמָךְ. אָמַר רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּרַבִּי תַּנְחוּם, אָחוֹר לְכָל הַמַּעֲשִׂים, וָקֶדֶם לְכָל הָעֳנָשִׁין, רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אוֹמֵר אַף קִלּוּסוֹ לֹא בָּא אֶלָּא בָּאַחֲרוֹנָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קמח, י): הַחַיָּה וְכָל בְּהֵמָה רֶמֶשׂ וְצִפּוֹר כָּנָף, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מַלְכֵי אֶרֶץ וְכָל לְאֻמִּים. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׂמְלָאי, כְּשֵׁם שֶׁיְצִירָתוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם אַחַר בְּהֵמָה חַיָּה וָעוֹף, כָּךְ תּוֹרָתוֹ אַחַר בְּהֵמָה חַיָּה וָעוֹף, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (ויקרא יא, מו): זֹאת תּוֹרַת הַבְּהֵמָה, וְאַחַר כָּךְ אִשָּׁה כִּי תַזְרִיעַ.

“Speak to the children of Israel, saying: When a woman conceives and bears a male child, she shall be impure seven days; like the days of her menstrual infirmity she shall be impure” (Leviticus 12:2). “When a woman conceives” – that is what is written: “Back and front You shaped me” (Psalms 139:5). Rabbi Yoḥanan said: If a person merits, he inherits two worlds, this one and the next. That is what is written: “Back and front You shaped me.” If not, he comes to present an accounting, as it is stated: “You placed Your hand upon me” (Psalms 139:5), as it is written: “Distance Your hand from me” (Job 13:21). Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman said: When the Holy One blessed be He created Adam the first man, He created him androgynous. Reish Lakish said: When he was created, he was created with two faces. [God] sawed him, and two backs were formed, a back for the male and a back for the female. They raised an objection to him: “He took one of his ribs [mitzalotav]…[the Lord God built the rib that He took from the man into a woman]” (Genesis 2:21). He said to them: It was one of his sides, as it is written: “For the [second] side [ultzela] of the Tabernacle” (Exodus 26:20). Rabbi Berekhya, Rabbi Ḥelbo, and Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman said: When the Holy One blessed be He created Adam the first man, He created him such that he filled the entire world from one end to the other. From where is it derived [that he filled the world] from east to west? As it is stated: “Back and front You shaped me.” From where is it derived [that he filled the world] from north to Ssouth? As it is stated: “From one end of the heavens to the other end” (Deuteronomy 4:32). And from where is it derived [that he filled] the entire space of the world? As it is stated: “You placed Your hand upon me.” Rabbi Elazar said: “Back,” this is the first day, “and front,” this is the final day. According to the opinion of Rabbi Elazar, [this is] as it is written: “God said: Let the earth produce living creatures in its kind” (Genesis 1:24); this is the spirit of Adam the first man. Reish Lakish said: “Back” is the final day, “and front,” this is the first day. According to Reish Lakish, as it is written: “The spirit of God hovered over the surface of the water” (Genesis 1:2), this is the spirit of the messianic king. If a person merits, they say to him: ‘You preceded the entire act of Creation.’ If not, they say to him: ‘The gnat preceded you, the worm preceded you.’ Rabbi Yishmael ben Rabbi Tanḥum said: “Back,” after all the creations, “front,” before all the punishments. Even his praise came only last, as it is stated: “Beasts and all animals, creeping animals, and birds of wing” (Psalms 148:10), and thereafter: “Kings of the earth and all nations” (Psalms 148:11). Rabbi Simlai said: Just as the creation of man was after animal, beast, and bird, so, his law is [written] after those of the animal, beast and bird. That is what is written: “This is the law of the animal” (Leviticus 11:46), and thereafter: “When a woman conceives.”

Section 2ב׳

דָּבָר אַחֵר, אִשָּׁה כִּי תַזְרִיעַ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (איוב לו, ג): אֶשָׂא דֵעִי לְמֵרָחוֹק וּלְפֹעֲלִי אֶתֵּן צֶדֶק, אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר הַלָּשׁוֹן הַזֶּה מְשַׁמֵּשׁ שְׁתֵּי לְשׁוֹנוֹת, לְשׁוֹן שִׁירָה, לְשׁוֹן דָּבָר. לְשׁוֹן שִׁירָה, עַל שִׁבְחָן שֶׁל צַדִּיקִים. לְשׁוֹן דָּבָר, עַל מַפַּלְתָּן שֶׁל רְשָׁעִים. לְמֵרָחוֹק נֶאֱמַר עַל הָרְחוֹקִים שֶׁנִּקְרְבוּ. אֶשָּׂא דֵעִי לְמֵרָחוֹק וּלְפֹעֲלִי אֶתֵּן צֶדֶק, אָמַר רַבִּי נָתָן מְחַשְׁבִין לִשְׁמוֹ שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ אוֹתוֹ שֶׁבָּא מֵרָחוֹק, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (בראשית כב, ד): וַיִּשָּׂא אַבְרָהָם אֶת עֵינָיו וַיַּרְא אֶת הַמָּקוֹם מֵרָחֹק, וְאָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בַּר פָּפָּא מְחַשְּׁבִין אָנוּ לִשְׁמוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁהָיִינוּ רְחוֹקִים וְקֵרְבָנוּ לוֹ. אָמַר רַבִּי חַגַּי דְּבָרִים שֶׁרְחוֹקִים מִמֶּנּוּ מַהֲלַךְ חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת שָׁנָה, שֶׁהַבְּרִיּוֹת יְשֵׁנִין עַל מִטּוֹתֵיהֶן וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַשִּׁיב רוּחוֹת וּמַעֲלֶה עֲנָנִים וּמוֹרִיד גְּשָׁמִים וּמְגַדֵּל צְמָחִים וּמְנַגְּבָן וּמַעֲרִיךְ שֻׁלְחָן לִפְנֵי כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד. אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר אִידֵי בְּשֵׁם רַב אַחָא, הַפָּסוּק הַזֶּה אִם אֱלִיהוּא אֲמָרוֹ מֵאֵלָיו, שֶׁבַח, וְאִם בְּרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ אֲמָרוֹ, שִׁבְחֵי שְׁבָחִים. רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר תְּלַת, בְּנֹהַג שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם מַפְקִיד אָדָם אֵצֶל חֲבֵרוֹ אַרְנָקִי שֶׁל כֶּסֶף בַּחֲשַׁאי וּמַחְזִיר לוֹ לִיטְרָא שֶׁל זָהָב בְּפַרְהֶסְיָא, אֵינוֹ מַחְזִיק לוֹ טוֹבָה. כָּךְ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַפְקִידִין לוֹ הַבְּרִיּוֹת טִפָּה שֶׁל לִכְלוּכִית בַּחֲשַׁאי, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מַחֲזִיר לָהֶם נְפָשׁוֹת מְשֻׁבָּחוֹת שְׁלֵמוֹת בְּפַרְהֶסְיָא, וְאֵין זֶה שֶׁבַח, הֱוֵי (איוב לו, ג): אֶשָּׂא דֵעִי לְמֵרָחוֹק וּלְפֹעֲלִי אֶתֵּן צֶדֶק. רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר אוֹחֲרֵי, בְּנֹהַג שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם אָדָם חָבוּשׁ בְּבֵית הָאֲסוּרִין אֵין כָּל בְּרִיָה מַשְׁגַּחַת עָלָיו, בָּא אֶחָד וְהִדְלִיק לוֹ שָׁם נֵר אֵינוֹ מַחֲזִיק לוֹ טוֹבָה, כָּךְ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא הַוָּלָד שָׁרוּי בִּמְעֵי אִמּוֹ וּמֵאִיר לוֹ שָׁם נֵר, הוּא שֶׁאִיּוֹב אוֹמֵר (איוב כט, ג): בְּהִלּוֹ נֵרוֹ עֲלֵי רֹאשִׁי, אֵין זֶה שֶׁבַח, הֱוֵי: וּלְפֹעֲלִי אֶתֵּן צֶדֶק, רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר אוֹחֲרֵי, בְּנֹהַג שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם אָדָם חָבוּשׁ בְּבֵית הָאֲסוּרִין וְאֵין כָּל בְּרִיָּה מַשְׁגַּחַת עָלָיו, בָּא אֶחָד וְהִתִּירוֹ וְהוֹצִיאוֹ מִשָּׁם, אֵינוֹ מַחֲזִיק לוֹ טוֹבָה, כָּךְ הַוָּלָד שָׁרוּי בִּמְעֵי אִמּוֹ וּבָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְהִתִּירוֹ וְהוֹצִיאוֹ מִשָּׁם.

Another matter, “when a woman conceives” – that is what is written: “I will project [esa] my opinion afar, and I will ascribe righteousness to my Maker” (Job 36:3). Rabbi Meir said: This term is employed in two senses; in the sense of song, and in the sense of speech. In the sense of song, regarding the praise of the righteous, and in the sense of speech, regarding the downfall of the wicked. “Afar’ is stated regarding the distant who drew near. “I will project my opinion afar, and I will ascribe righteousness to my Maker.” Rabbi Natan said: One contemplates the name of Abraham our patriarch, the one who came from afar. That is what is written: “Abraham lifted his eyes and saw the place from afar” (Genesis 22:4). Rabbi Ḥanina bar Pappa said: We contemplate the name of the Holy One blessed be He, as we were distant and He drew us near to Him. Rabbi Ḥagai said: Matters that are distant from us a journey of five hundred years, as people are asleep on their beds, and the Holy One blessed be He causes winds to blow, clouds to rise, rains to fall, and plants to grow, and he dries them and sets a table before each and every one. Rabbi Shmuel bar Idi said in the name of Rav Aḥa: This verse, if Elihu said it on his own, [he is entitled to] praise. If he said it inspired by the Divine Spirit, [he is entitled to] the praise of praises. Rabbi Levi said three things, [the first of which is]: The way of the world is that if a person deposits a purse of silver in private and [the other individual] returns a litra of gold in public, does he not feel a debt of gratitude toward him? So it is with the Holy One blessed be He, people deposit a putrid drop in private and the Holy One blessed be He returns completed, high quality human beings in public. Is this not worthy of praise? That is, “I will project my opinion afar, and I will ascribe righteousness to my Maker.” Rabbi Levi said another thing: The way of the world is that when a person is incarcerated in prison, no one pays attention to him. If one would come and kindle a lamp for him there, would [the prisoner] not feel a debt of gratitude toward him? So it is with the Holy One blessed be He; the fetus is situated in his mother’s womb and the Holy One blessed be He kindles a lamp for him. That is what Job said: “When His lamp would shine over my head” (Job 29:3). Is this not praise? That is: “And I will ascribe righteousness to my Maker.” Rabbi Levi said another thing: The way of the world is that when a person is incarcerated in prison, no one pays attention to him. If one would come and free him, and take him out of there, would [the prisoner] not feel a debt of gratitude toward him? So, the fetus is situated in his mother’s womb and the Holy One blessed be He comes and frees him and takes him out of there.

Section 3ג׳

דָּבָר אַחֵר, אִשָּׁה כִּי תַזְרִיעַ וְיָלְדָה זָכָר, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (איוב י, יב): חַיִּים וָחֶסֶד עָשִׂיתָ עִמָּדִי וּפְקֻדָּתְךָ שָׁמְרָה רוּחִי, רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר כַּהֲנָא אָמַר תְּלַת, בְּנֹהַג שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם אִם נוֹטֵל אָדָם אַרְנָקִי שֶׁל מָעוֹת וְנוֹתֵן הַפֶּה לְמַטָּה, אֵין הַמָּעוֹת מִתְפַּזְּרוֹת, וְהַוָּלָד שָׁרוּי בִּמְעֵי אִמּוֹ וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְשַׁמְּרוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יִפֹּל וְיָמוּת, אֵין זֶה שֶׁבַח, הֱוֵי: חַיִּים וָחֶסֶד עָשִׂיתָ עִמָּדִי. רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר כַּהֲנָא אָמַר אוֹחֲרֵי, בְּנֹהַג שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם בְּהֵמָה זוֹ מְהַלֶּכֶת רְבוּצָה וְהַוָּלָד נָתוּן בְּתוֹךְ מֵעֶיהָ כְּמִין שַׂק, וְהָאִשָּׁה זוֹ מְהַלֶּכֶת זְקוּפָה וְהַוָּלָד נָתוּן בְּתוֹךְ מֵעֶיהָ וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְשַׁמְּרוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יִפֹּל וְיָמוּת, הֱוֵי: חַיִּים וָחֶסֶד עָשִׂיתָ עִמָּדִי. רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר כַּהֲנָא אָמַר אוֹחֲרֵי, בְּנֹהַג שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם בְּהֵמָה זוֹ דַּדֶּיהָ בְּמָקוֹם רַחֲמָהּ, וְהַוָּלָד יוֹנֵק בְּמָקוֹם בָּשְׁתָּהּ, וְהָאִשָּׁה זוֹ דַדֶּיהָ בְּמָקוֹם נָאֶה, וְהַוָּלָד יוֹנֵק בְּמָקוֹם כְּבוֹדָהּ, וְאֵין זֶה חַיִּים וָחֶסֶד, הֱוֵי: חַיִּים וָחֶסֶד עָשִׂיתָ עִמָּדִי. אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אִם יִשְׁהֶה אָדָם בְּחַמִּין שָׁעָה אַחַת אֵינוֹ מֵת, וּמֵעֶיהָ שֶׁל אִשָּׁה מְרֻתָּחִין וְהַוָּלָד נָתוּן בְּתוֹךְ מֵעֶיהָ וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְשַׁמְּרוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יֵעָשֶׂה שְׁפִיר וְשֶׁלֹּא יֵעָשֶׂה שִׁלְיָא וְשֶׁלֹּא יֵעָשֶׂה סַנְדָּל, וְאֵין זֶה חַיִּים וָחֶסֶד, הֱוֵי: חַיִּים וָחֶסֶד עָשִׂיתָ עִמָּדִי. אָמַר רַבִּי תַּחְלִיפָא דְּקֵסָרְיָא אִם אָכַל אָדָם פְּרוּסָה אַחַר פְּרוּסָה לֹא שְׁנִיָּה דּוֹחָה אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, הָאִשָּׁה הַזּוֹ כַּמָּה מַאֲכָל הִיא אוֹכֶלֶת וְכַמָּה מַשְׁקִים הִיא שׁוֹתָה וְאֵינוֹ דּוֹחָה הַוָּלָד, אֵין זֶה חַיִּים וָחֶסֶד. אָמַר רַבִּי סִימוֹן מֵעֶיהָ שֶׁל אִשָׁה עֲשׂוּיָה קִינִין קִינִין, פִּיקִין פִּיקִין, חֲבִילִין חֲבִילִין, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהִיא יוֹשֶׁבֶת עַל הַמַּשְׁבֵּר אֵינָהּ מַשְׁלִיכַתּוּ בְּבַת אַחַת, בְּמַתְלָא אֲמַר אִשְׁתְּרֵי חַד חֲבַל אִשְׁתְּרֵי תְּרֵין חַבְלִין. אָמַר רַבִּי מֵאִיר כָּל תִּשְׁעָה חֳדָשִׁים שֶׁאֵין הָאִשָּׁה רוֹאָה דָּם בְּדִין הוּא שֶׁתְּהֵא רוֹאָה, מָה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עוֹשֶׂה מְסַלְּקוֹ לְמַעְלָה לְדַדֶּיהָ וְעוֹשֵׂהוּ חָלָב, כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּצֵא הַוָּלָד וְיִהְיֶה לוֹ מָזוֹן לֶאֱכֹל, וּבְיוֹתֵר אִם הָיָה זָכָר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אִשָּׁה כִּי תַזְרִיעַ וְיָלְדָה זָכָר.

Another matter, “when a woman conceives and bears a male child” – that is what is written: “You granted me life and grace, and Your command preserved my spirit” (Job 10:12). Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said three [things, the first of which is]: The way of the world is that if a person takes a purse of coins and places the opening facing downward, do the coins not scatter? But the fetus is situated in his mother’s womb and the Holy One blessed be He protects it so that it will not fall out and die. Is this not praise? That is, “You granted me life and grace.” Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said another: The way of the world is that the animal walks with its body horizontal and the fetus is situated inside its womb like a sack, but the woman walks erect and the fetus is situated inside her womb and the Holy One blessed be He protects it so that it will not fall out and die. That is, “You granted me life and grace.” Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said another: The way of the world is that the teats of an animal are in a place [near the entrance to] its womb, and the offspring suckles in the place of its shame. But the woman, her breasts are in a place of beauty, and the baby suckles in the place of her glory. Is that not life and grace? That is, “You granted me life and grace.” Rabbi Elazar said: If a person were to remain in hot water for a short while, would he not die? Yet the innards of a woman are boiling and the fetus is situated in her womb, and the Holy One blessed be He protects it so that it will not become a fetal sac, it will not become a placenta, and it will not become a sandal. Is that not life and grace? That is, “You granted me life and grace.” Rav Taḥlifa of Caesarea said: If a person eats slice after slice, does the second not force the first downward? The woman, how much food does she eat, how many drinks does she drink, but it does not force the fetus downward. Is that not life and grace? Rabbi Simon said: A woman’s womb is constructed compartments upon compartments, rings upon rings, bands upon bands. When she sits on the birthing stool, she does not cast it out all at once. In the parable it is said: One band is loosened, two bands are loosened. Rabbi Meir said: All nine months that the woman does not see blood, by right she should see. What does the Holy One blessed be He do? He diverts it upward to her breasts and transforms it into milk so that when the offspring emerges, he will have food to eat. This is especially if he is a male, as it is stated: “When a woman conceives and bears a male child.”

…and 4 more sections in this chapter.

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Vayikra Rabbah — Midrash Rabbah, TE edition, via Sefaria

English: The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 — CC BY