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The Midrash Rabbah · Bereshit Rabbah

בראשית רבה ג׳Bereshit Rabbah 3

Parashah 3 of 100 in Bereshit Rabbah — 9 sections

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Section 1א׳

וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים יְהִי אוֹר, רַבִּי יִצְחָק פָּתַח (תהלים קיט, קל): פֵּתַח דְּבָרֶיךָ יָאִיר מֵבִין וגו', רַבִּי יְהוּדָה וְרַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר הָאוֹרָה נִבְרֵאת תְּחִלָּה, מָשָׁל לְמֶלֶךְ שֶׁבִּקֵּשׁ לִבְנוֹת פָּלָטִין, וְהָיָה אוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם אָפֵל, מֶה עָשָׂה, הִדְלִיק נֵרוֹת וּפַנָּסִין לֵידַע הֵיאַךְ הוּא קוֹבֵעַ תִּימִלְיוֹסִים, כָּךְ הָאוֹרָה נִבְרֵאת תְּחִלָּה. וְרַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אָמַר הָעוֹלָם נִבְרָא תְּחִלָּה, מָשָׁל לְמֶלֶךְ שֶׁבָּנָה פָּלָטִין וְעִטְּרָהּ בְּנֵרוֹת וּפַנָּסִין. עַד כָּאן דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי יוּדָן, אֲתָא רַבִּי פִּנְחָס וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר רַבִּי סִימוֹן וְרַבִּי חָנוֹן בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק פָּתַח, פֵּתַח דְּבָרֶיךָ יָאִיר מֵבִין פְּתָיִים, מִפְתַּח פּוּמָךְ לָן הֲוָה נְהוֹרָא, וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים יְהִי אוֹר וגו'.

“God said: Let there be light, and there was light” (Genesis 1:3). “God said: Let there be light” – Rabbi Yitzḥak began: “Your opening words enlighten; they bring understanding [to the simple]” (Psalms 119:130). Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Neḥemya, Rabbi Yehuda says: The light was created first. This is analogous to a king who sought to build a palace, but that location was dark. What did he do? He kindled lamps and lanterns to ascertain how he would lay the foundation. So, too, the light was created first. Rabbi Neḥemya said: The world was created first. This is analogous to a king who built a palace and adorned it with lamps and lanterns. Up to this point, Rabbi Yudan expounded. Rabbi Pinḥas, Rabbi Yehuda bar Rabbi Simon, and Rabbi Ḥanon came and began in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar Rav Yitzḥak: “Your opening words enlighten; they bring understanding to the simple” – the opening of Your mouth for us was light: “God said: Let there be light…”

Section 2ב׳

רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר סִימוֹן פָּתַח (תהלים לג, ו): בִּדְבַר ה' שָׁמַיִם נַעֲשׂוּ וגו', רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בַּר סִימוֹן אָמַר, לֹא בֶעָמָל לֹא בִיגִיעָה בָּרָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶת עוֹלָמוֹ, אֶלָּא בִּדְבַר ה', וּכְבָר שָׁמַיִם נַעֲשׂוּ, אַף הָכָא וְהָיָה אוֹר אֵין כְּתִיב כָּאן אֶלָּא וַיְהִי אוֹר, כְּבָר הָיָה.

Rabbi Berekhya began in the name of Rabbi Yehuda bar Simon: “By the word of the Lord the heavens were made” (Psalms 33:6). Rabbi Yehuda bar Simon said: It was not with toil and not with exertion that the Holy One blessed be He created His world, but rather, “by the word of God,” and the heavens were already made. Here, too, “and there was [vehaya] light” is not written here, but rather, “vayhi light” – it immediately came about.

Section 3ג׳

רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחָאי פָּתַח (משלי טו, כג): שִׂמְחָה לָאִישׁ בְּמַעֲנֵה פִיו וְדָבָר בְּעִתּוֹ מַה טּוֹב. שִׂמְחָה לָאִישׁ, זֶה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות טו, ג): ה' אִישׁ מִלְחָמָה ה' שְׁמוֹ. בְּמַעֲנֵה פִיו, וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים יְהִי אוֹר. וְדָבָר בְּעִתּוֹ מַה טּוֹב, וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים אֶת הָאוֹר כִּי טוֹב.

Rabbi Shimon bar Yoḥai began: “There is joy for a man in the pronouncement of his mouth, and how good is a word at its time” (Proverbs 15:23). “Joy for a man [ish]” – this is the Holy One blessed be He, as it is stated: “The Lord is a warrior [ish milḥama]; the Lord is His name” (Exodus 15:3). “In the pronouncement of his mouth” – “the Lord said: Let there be light.” “And how good is a word at its time” – “God saw the light, that it was good” (Genesis 1:4).

…and 4 more sections in this chapter.

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Bereshit Rabbah — Midrash Rabbah, TE edition, via Sefaria

English: The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 — CC BY