The Midrash Rabbah · Bereshit Rabbah
בראשית רבה ד׳Bereshit Rabbah 4
Parashah 4 of 100 in Bereshit Rabbah — 7 sections
Section 1א׳
וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים יְהִי רָקִיעַ, כְּתִיב (תהלים קד, ג): הַמְקָרֶה בַמַּיִם עֲלִיּוֹתָיו, בְּנֹהַג שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם מֶלֶךְ בָּשָׂר וָדָם בּוֹנֶה פָּלָטִין וּמְקָרֶה בַּאֲבָנִים וּבְעֵצִים וּבְעָפָר, אֲבָל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לֹא קֵרָה אֶת עוֹלָמוֹ אֶלָּא בְּמַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הַמְקָרֶה בַמַּיִם עֲלִיּוֹתָיו.
“God said: Let there be a firmament in the midst of the water, and let it divide between water and water” (Genesis 1:6). “God said: Let there be a firmament” – it is written: “He roofs His upper chambers with water” (Psalms 104:3). The way of the world is that a flesh-and-blood king builds a palace and roofs it with stones, wood, and earth. But the Holy One blessed be He is not so, He roofed His world only with water, as it is stated: “He roofs His upper chambers with water.”
Section 2ב׳
וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים יְהִי רָקִיעַ בְּתוֹךְ הַמָּיִם, רַבָּנָן אָמְרִין לָהּ בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי חֲנִינָא וְרַבִּי פִּנְחָס וְרַבִּי יַעֲקֹב בְּרַבִּי אָבִין בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא יְהִי רָקִיעַ בְּתוֹךְ הַמָּיִם, גָּלְדָה טִפָּה הָאֶמְצָעִית וְנַעֲשׂוּ הַשָּׁמַיִם הַתַּחְתּוֹנִים, וּשְׁמֵי שָׁמַיִם הָעֶלְיוֹנִים. רַב אָמַר לַחִים הָיוּ מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם בַּיּוֹם הָרִאשׁוֹן, וּבַשֵּׁנִי קָרְשׁוּ. יְהִי רָקִיעַ, יֶחֱזַק הָרָקִיעַ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בְּרַבִּי סִימוֹן אָמַר יֵעָשֶׂה מַטְלִית לָרָקִיעַ, הֵיךְ מָה דְאַתְּ אָמֵר (שמות לט, ג): וַיְרַקְּעוּ אֶת פַּחֵי הַזָּהָב, אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא יָצְאָה הָאֵשׁ מִלְּמַעְלָה וְלִחֲכָה אֶת פְּנֵי הָרָקִיעַ. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן כְּשֶׁהָיָה מַגִּיעַ לְפָסוּק זֶה (איוב כו, יג): בְּרוּחוֹ שָׁמַיִם שִׁפְרָה, הָיָה אוֹמֵר יָפֶה לִמְּדַנִי רַבִּי חֲנִינָא. אָמַר רַבִּי יוּדָן בְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן יָצָאת הָאֵשׁ מִלְּמַעְלָה וְלִהֲטָה פְּנֵי רָקִיעַ. רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר כַּהֲנָא אָמַר, בָּא מַעֲשֵׂה בְרֵאשִׁית לְלַמֵּד עַל מַתַּן תּוֹרָה וְנִמְצָא לָמֵד מִמֶּנָּהּ, (ישעיה סד, א): כִּקְדֹחַ אֵשׁ הֲמָסִים, אֵימָתַי חָצָה הָאֵשׁ בֵּין הָעֶלְיוֹנִים לַתַּחְתּוֹנִים, לֹא בְמַתַּן תּוֹרָה, אֶתְמְהָא, כָּךְ הָיְתָה בִּבְרִיָּתוֹ שֶׁל עוֹלָם.
“God said: Let there be a firmament in the midst of the water” – the Rabbis say it in the name of Rabbi Ḥanina, Rabbi Pinḥas, and Rabbi Yaakov bar Avin in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman: When the Holy One blessed be He said: “Let there be a firmament in the midst of the water,” the middle drop [of water] congealed and thereby the lower heavens and the upper highest heavens came about. Rav said: Their substance on the first day was damp, and on the second day they congealed. “Let there be a firmament” – let the firmament harden. Rabbi Yehuda bar Rabbi Simon said: Let there be a lining for the firmament [rakia], as it says: “They flattened [vayraku] the sheets of gold” (Exodus 39:3). Rabbi Ḥanina said: Fire emerged from on High and passed over the surface of the firmament. When Rabbi Yoḥanan would reach this verse: “With His wind, the heavens are enhanced” (Job 26:13), he would say: Rabbi Ḥanina taught me well. Rabbi Yudan ben Rabbi Shimon said: The fire emerged from on High and burnished the surface of the firmament. Rabbi Berekhya said in the name of Rabbi Abba bar Kahana: The act of Creation came to teach something about the giving of the Torah, but ultimately learned something from it. “Like [the day of] a splitting fire” (Isaiah 64:1) – when did fire split between what was above and what was below, was it not at the giving of the Torah? That is a rhetorical question. So it was at the creation of the world.
Section 3ג׳
רַבִּי פִּינְחָס בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָא אָמַר, כַּחָלָל שֶׁבֵּין הָאָרֶץ לָרָקִיעַ כָּךְ יֵשׁ בֵּין הָרָקִיעַ לַמַּיִם הָעֶלְיוֹנִים, יְהִי רָקִיעַ בְּתוֹךְ הַמָּיִם, בֵּינַיִם וּבֵנְתַיִם. אָמַר רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא אֲנָא אַמְרֵי טַעֲמָא, אִלּוּ נֶאֱמַר וַיַּעַשׂ אֱלֹהִים אֶת הָרָקִיעַ וַיַּבְדֵּל בֵּין הַמַּיִם אֲשֶׁר עַל הָרָקִיעַ, הָיִיתִי אוֹמֵר עַל גּוּפוֹ שֶׁל רָקִיעַ הַמַּיִם נְתוּנִים, וּכְשֶׁהוּא אוֹמֵר: וּבֵין הַמַּיִם אֲשֶׁר מֵעַל לָרָקִיעַ, הֲרֵי הַמַּיִם הָעֶלְיוֹנִים תְּלוּיִים בְּמַאֲמָר. אָמַר רַבִּי אַחָא כְּהָדֵין קַנְדִילָא וּפֵרוֹתֵיהֶם אֵלּוּ מֵי גְשָׁמִים.
Rabbi Pinḥas said in the name of Rabbi Hoshaya: Equivalent to the space between the earth and the firmament, so is the distance between the firmament and the upper waters. “Let there be a firmament in the midst of the water” – at the midpoint between them. Rabbi Tanḥuma said: I will say the source. Had it been stated: “God made the firmament and he divided between the waters that were on the firmament,” I would have said that the upper waters rest directly upon the firmament. But since it says: “And the waters that were above the firmament” (Genesis 1:7) – [it indicates that] the upper waters are suspended [above the firmament] by the word of God. Rabbi Aḥa said: It is like the flame in a lamp. And its fruits are rainwater.
Bereshit Rabbah — Midrash Rabbah, TE edition, via Sefaria
English: The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 — CC BY