The Midrash Rabbah · Bereshit Rabbah
בראשית רבה י״חBereshit Rabbah 18
Parashah 18 of 100 in Bereshit Rabbah — 6 sections
Section 1א׳
וַיִּבֶן ה' אֱלֹהִים אֶת הַצֵּלָע, רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן זִמְרָא אָמַר נִתַּן בָּהּ בִּינָה יוֹתֵר מִן הָאִישׁ, דְּתָנִינָן בַּת י"א שָׁנָה וְיוֹם אֶחָד נְדָרֶיהָ נִבְדָּקִין, בַּת י"ב שָׁנָה וְיוֹם אֶחָד נְדָרֶיהָ קַיָּימִין וּבוֹדְקִין כָּל י"ב, אֲבָל לְזָכָר בֶּן י"ב שָׁנָה וְיוֹם אֶחָד נְדָרָיו נִבְדָקִין, בֶּן י"ג נְדָרָיו קַיָּימִין וּבוֹדְקִין כָּל י"ג. רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר רַב יִצְחָק אָמַר אִית דִּמְחַלְּפִין, דַּרְכָּהּ שֶׁל אִשָּׁה לִהְיוֹת יוֹשֶׁבֶת בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתָהּ וְדַרְכּוֹ שֶׁל אִישׁ לִהְיוֹת יוֹצֵא לַשּׁוּק וְלָמֵד בִּינָה מִבְּנֵי אָדָם. רַבִּי אַיְבוּ וְאַמְרֵי לָהּ בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי בְּנָיָיה וְהוּא תָּנֵי לָהּ בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יוֹחָאי, קִשְׁטָהּ כַּכַּלָּה וְאַחַר כָּךְ הֱבִיאָהּ לוֹ. אִית אַתְרִין דְּקָרְיָין לְקַלְעִיתָא בִּנְיָתָא. אָמַר רַבִּי חָמָא בַּר חֲנִינָא אַתְּ סָבוּר שֶׁמִּתַּחַת חָרוּב אֶחָד אוֹ שִׁקְמָה אַחַת הֱבִיאָהּ לוֹ, אֶלָּא מִשֶּׁקִּשְׁטָהּ בְּכ"ד מִינֵי תַּכְשִׁיטִין אַחַר כָּךְ הֱבִיאָהּ לוֹ, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (יחזקאל כח, יג): בְּעֵדֶן גַּן אֱלֹהִים הָיִיתָ כָּל אֶבֶן יְקָרָה מְסֻכָתֶךָ אֹדֶם פִּטְדָה וגו'. רַבָּנָן וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ, רַבָּנָן אָמְרֵי עֶשֶׂר, וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אָמַר י"א. רַבִּי חָמָא בַּר חֲנִינָא וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ תַּרְוֵיהוֹן אָמְרִין כְּלַל וּפְרַט, עָשָׂה אֶת הַכְּלַל מוֹסֶפֶת לַפְּרַט וְהַכֹּל בִּכְלַל, כָּל אֶבֶן יְקָרָה מְסֻכָתֶךָ כְּלַל, אֹדֶם פִּטְדָה וְיָהֲלֹם תַּרְשִׁישׁ וגו' פְּרַט, הַכֹּל בִּכְלַל. כָּל אֶבֶן יְקָרָה מְסֻכָתֶךָ, רַבִּי לֵוִי וְרַבִּי סִימוֹן, חַד אָמַר ט' וְחַד אָמַר י', מַאן דְּאָמַר עֶשֶׂר, כְּרַבָּנָן, וּמַאן דְּאָמַר ט' הָדֵין דְּהַב דְּהָכָא לֵית הוּא חֻפָּה. רַבִּי אַחָא בַּר חֲנִינָא אָמַר עָשָׂה כְּתָלִים שֶׁל זָהָב, וּבָתֵּי קְרָיוֹת שֶׁל אֲבָנִים טוֹבוֹת וּמַרְגָּלִיּוֹת. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר בִּיסְנָא בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי אַחָא אָמַר אֲפִלּוּ קוֹרְקוּסִים שֶׁל זָהָב עָשָׂה לוֹ.
“The Lord God built the side that He had taken from the man into a woman, and brought her to the man” (Genesis 2:22). “The Lord God built [vayiven] the side” – Rabbi Elazar said in the name of Rabbi Yosei ben Zimra: Understanding [bina] was inserted in her, more than in man, as we learned: A girl who is aged eleven years and one day, her vows are examined; at age twelve years and one day her vows take effect [without examination]. And she is examined during her entire twelfth year. A boy who is aged twelve years and one day, his vows are examined; at age thirteen years and one day his vows take effect [without examination]. And he is examined during his entire thirteenth year. Rabbi Yirmeya said in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar Yitzḥak: Some reverse it; the woman typically sits inside her house, while a man typically goes out to the marketplace and gains understanding from [interaction with other] people. Rabbi Aivu, and some say it in the name of Rabbi Benaya, and he taught it in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yoḥai: He [God] adorned her [Eve] like a bride and then brought her before him [Adam]. There are places where they call braiding hair binyata. Rabbi Ḥama bar Ḥanina said: Do you think that He brought her to him under a carob or under a sycamore? It was only after He adorned her with twenty-four types of ornaments that He brought her to him. That is what is written: “You were in Eden, the garden of God; every precious stone was your canopy: Ruby, topaz…” (Ezekiel 28:13). The Rabbis and Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish, the Rabbis said: There were ten [canopies], and Rabbi Shimon said: Eleven. [This is because] Rabbi Ḥama bar Ḥanina and Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish, both of them say: When there is a generalization followed by details, the generalization is meant to add on something to the details, so that the word “every” is also included. “Every precious stone was your canopy” is the generalization; “Ruby, topaz and clear quartz, beryl…” are the details, and the word “every” is included: “Every precious stone was your canopy.” Rabbi Levi and Rabbi Simon, one said: There were nine [canopies], and one said: Ten. The one who said ten, it is in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis. The one who says that there were nine, [this is because] the gold mentioned here is not one of the canopies. Rabbi Ḥama bar Ḥanina said: He made the [canopy’s] walls of gold and the roofing of gems and pearls. Rabbi Elazar bar Bisena said in the name of Rabbi Aḥa: He even made hooks of gold for it.
Section 2ב׳
רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ דְּסִכְנִין בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי לֵוִי אָמַר (בראשית ב, כב): וַיִּבֶן כְּתִיב, הִתְבּוֹנֵן מֵאַיִן לִבְרֹאתָהּ, אָמַר לֹא אֶבְרָא אוֹתָהּ מִן הָרֹאשׁ שֶׁלֹא תְּהֵא מְיַקֶּרֶת ראשָׁהּ, לֹא מִן הָעַיִן שֶׁלֹא תְּהֵא סַקְרָנִית, וְלֹא מִן הָאֹזֶן שֶׁלֹא תְּהֵא צַיְתָנִית, וְלֹא מִן הַפֶּה שֶׁלֹא תְּהֵא דַּבְּרָנִית, וְלֹא מִן הַלֵּב שֶׁלֹא תְּהֵא קַנְתָּנִית, וְלֹא מִן הַיָּד שֶׁלֹא תְּהֵא מְמַשְׁמְשָׁנִית, וְלֹא מִן הָרֶגֶל שֶׁלֹא תְּהֵא פַּרְסָנִית, אֶלָּא מִמָּקוֹם שֶׁהוּא צָנוּעַ בָּאָדָם, אֲפִלּוּ בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאָדָם עוֹמֵד עָרוֹם אוֹתוֹ הַמָּקוֹם מְכֻסֶּה, וְעַל כָּל אֵבָר וְאֵבָר שֶׁהָיָה בוֹרֵא בָהּ הָיָה אוֹמֵר לָהּ תְּהֵא אִשָּׁה צְנוּעָה אִשָּׁה צְנוּעָה, אַף עַל פִּי כֵן (משלי א, כה): וַתִּפְרְעוּ כָל עֲצָתִי, לֹא בָרָאתִי אוֹתָהּ מִן הָרֹאשׁ, וַהֲרֵי הִיא מְיַקֶּרֶת רֹאשָׁהּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה יג, טז): וַתֵּלַכְנָה נְטוּיוֹת גָּרוֹן, וְלֹא מִן הָעַיִן, וַהֲרֵי הִיא סַקְרָנִית, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה יג, טז): וּמְסַקְּרוֹת עֵינַיִם, וְלֹא מִן הָאֹזֶן, וַהֲרֵי הִיא צַיְתָנִית, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית יח, י): וְשָׂרָה שׁוֹמַעַת פֶּתַח הָאֹהֶל, וְלֹא מִן הַלֵּב, וַהֲרֵי הִיא קַנְתָּנִית, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית ל, א): וַתְּקַנֵּא רָחֵל בַּאֲחוֹתָהּ, וְלֹא מִן הַיָּד, וַהֲרֵי הִיא מְמַשְׁמְשָׁנִית, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית לא, יט): וַתִּגְנֹב רָחֵל אֶת הַתְּרָפִים, וְלֹא מִן הָרֶגֶל, וַהֲרֵי הִיא פַּרְסָנִית, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית לד, א): וַתֵּצֵא דִּינָה.
Rabbi Yehoshua of Sikhnin said in the name of Rabbi Levi: Vayaven is written – He contemplated [hitbonen] from where to create her. He said: I will not create her from [Adam’s] head, so she should not hold her head high [in arrogance]; nor from the eye, so she should not be too curious; nor from the ear, so she should not be an eavesdropper; nor from the mouth, so she should not be a chatterer; nor from the heart, so she should not be envious; nor from the hand, so she should not be one who touches everything; nor from the foot, so she should not walk off. But rather, [I will create her] from a place that is covered up in man, as even when a person stands naked, that place is covered. Regarding each and every limb that He created for her, he said to her: ‘Be a modest woman, a modest woman.’ Nevertheless, [what happened was,] “You neglected all my counsel” (Proverbs 1:25). I did not create her from the head, yet she holds her head high, as it is stated: “They walk with outstretched necks” (Isaiah 3:16). Nor from the eye, yet she is excessively curious, as it is stated: “And they went with curious eyes” (Isaiah 3:16). Nor from the ear, yet she is an eavesdropper, as it is stated: “Sarah was listening at the entrance of the tent” (Genesis 18:10). Nor from the heart, yet she is envious, as it is stated: “Rachel was jealous of her sister” (Genesis 30:1). Nor from the hand, yet she touches everything, as it is stated: “Rachel stole the household idols” (Genesis 31:19). Nor from the foot, yet she walks off, as it is stated: “Dina went out [to see the daughters of the land]” (Genesis 34:1).
Section 3ג׳
רַב חִסְדָא אָמַר בָּנָה בָהּ מְגוֹרוֹת יוֹתֵר מִן הָאִישׁ, רְחָבָה מִלְּמַטָּן וְצָרָה מִלְּמַעְלָן, כְּדֵי שֶׁתְּהֵא מְקַבֶּלֶת עֻבָּרִים. (בראשית ב, כב): וַיְבִאֶהָ אֶל הָאָדָם, אָמַר רַבִּי אָבִין טָבוֹי לִקְרָיָה דְּמַלְכָּא שׁוֹשְׁבִינֵיהּ.
Rav Ḥisda said: He built her to be more suitable to storage than a man, broad below and narrow above, so that she should be able to retain fetuses. “And brought her to the man” – Rabbi Avin said: How fortunate is the villager for whom the king acts as groomsman.
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