יבמות י״דYevamot 14

Mishnah

משנה: חֵרֵשׁ שֶׁנָּשָׂא פִיקַּחַת וּפִיקֵּחַ שֶׁנָּשָׂא חֵרֶשֶׁת אִם רָצָה יוֹצִיא וְאִם רָצָה יְקַיֵים כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהוּא כוֹנֵס בִּרְמִיזָה כָּךְ הוּא מוֹצִיא בִרְמִיזָה. פִּיקֵּחַ שֶׁנָּשָׂא פִיקַּחַת וְנִתְחָרְשָׁה אִם רָצָה יוֹצִיא וְאִם רָצָה יְקַיֵים. נִשְׁטַתְּתָה לֹא יוֹצִיא. נִתְחָרַשׁ הוּא אוֹ נִשְׁתַּטָּה אֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא עוֹלָמִית.

MISHNAH: A deaf-mute man who married a hearing woman or a hearing man who married a deaf-mute woman may divorce or stay married at will; just as he marries with sign language so he divorces with sign language. A hearing man who married a hearing woman who then became deaf-mute may divorce or stay married at will. If she became insane he shall not divorce. If he became deaf-mute or insane, he can never divorce.

Halakhah

הלכה: חֵרֵשׁ שֶׁנָּשָׂא פִיקַּחַת כול׳. כֵּיצַד הוּא עוֹשֶׂה. רוֹמֵז וְהוּא נוֹתֵן לָהּ גִּיטָּהּ. כְּשֵׁם שֶׁהוּא רוֹמֵז כָּךְ הוּא נִרְמָז.

HALAKHAH: “A deaf-mute who married a hearing woman”, etc. How does he do it? He communicates in sign language and gives her the bill of divorce. In the same way he communicates with others, others communicate with him.

מַתְנִיתָא בְשֶׁקִּידְּשָׁהּ בַּכֶּסֶף. אֲבָל אִם קִידְּשָׁהּ בִּבְעִילָה קִידּוּשָׁיו מַעֲשֶׂה וְגֵירוּשָׁיו אֵינוֹ מַעֲשֶׂה.

The Mishnah applies if he became betrothed to her by money. But if he became betrothed to her by copulation, his betrothal is an action but his divorce is not an action.

רִבִּי לָעְזָר שָׁאַל לְרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁלַּחֵרֵשׁ וְשֶׁלַּשּׁוֹטֶה. אָמַר לֵיהּ. אֲפִילוּ אָשָׁם תָּלוּי אֵין בָּהּ. רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אָחָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוּחָנָן רִבִּי הִילָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי לָעְזָר. אֲפִילוּ אָשָׁם תָּלוּי אֵין בָּהּ. מִכֵּיוָן דְּאַתְּ אָמַר. אֲפִילוּ אָשָׁם תָּלוּי אֵין בָּהּ וּבָא אַחֵר וְקִידְּשָׁהּ נִתְפְּשׂוּ בָהּ קִידּוּשִׁין. גֵּירַשׁ מוּתֶּרֶת לְהִינָּשֵׂא לָרִאשׁוֹן. הָדָא הִיא דְתַנֵּי רִבִּי חִיָיה. אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁלַּחֵרֵשׁ שֶׁגֵּירְשָׁהּ חֵרֵשׁ וְהָלְכָה וְנִישֵּׂאת לְחֵרֵשׁ אוֹ לְפִקֵּחַ. קוֹרֵא אֲנִי עָלֶיהָ לֹא יוֹכַל בַּעֲלָהּ הָרִאשׁוֹן אֲשֶׁר שִׁלְּחָהּ לָשׁוּב לְקַחְתָּהּ. אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁלַּפִּיקֵחַ שֶׁגֵּירְשָׁהּ וְהָלְכָה וְנִישֵּׂאת לְחֵרֵשׁ אוֹ לְפִיקֵּחַ. קוֹרֵא אֲנִי עָלֶיהָ לֹא יוֹכַל בַּעֲלָהּ הָרִאשׁוֹן אֲשֶׁר שִׁלְּחָהּ. אִשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁלַּחֵרֵשׁ שֶׁהָלַךְ לוֹ בַעֲלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם. וּבָאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ. מֵת בַּעֲלֵיךְ. וְהָלְכָה וְנִישֵּׂאת לְחֵרֵשׁ אוֹ לְפִיקֵּחַ וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא בַעֲלָהּ. תֵּצֵא מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה. אִשְׁתּוֹ שְׁלַּפִּיקֵחַ שֶׁהָלַךְ בַעֲלָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם. בָּאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ. מֵת בַּעֲלֵיךְ. וְהָלְכָה וְנִישֵּׂאת לְחֵרֵשׁ וְאַחַר כָּךְ בָּא הַפִּיקֵּחַ. הֲוֵינָן סָבְרִין מֵימַר. יוֹצִיא הַחֵרֵשׁ וִיקַיֵים הַפִּיקֵּחַ. עוֹד הִיא כְאִילֵּין קְנָסַיָיא.

Rebbi Eleazar asked Rebbi Joḥanan: The wife of a deaf-mute or an insane? He said to him, that does not even need a reparation sacrifice for a possible sin. Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan, Rebbi Hila in the name of Rebbi Eleazar: It does not even need a reparation sacrifice for a possible sin. Since you say, it does not even need a reparation sacrifice for a possible sin; if another man came and gave her qiddušin, they take hold of her. If he divorced, is she permitted to remarry the first [husband]? That is what Rebbi Ḥiyya stated: About the wife of a deaf-mute who after being divorced by the deaf-mute went and married a deaf-mute or a hearing person, I am reading: “Her first husband who sent her away cannot come to take her back.” About the wife of a hearing person who after being divorced went and married a deaf-mute or a hearing person, I am reading: “Her first husband who sent her away cannot …” If a deaf-mute’s husband went overseas and they came and told his wife, your husband has died, and she went and married a deaf- mute or a hearing person, and then her husband returned, she has to leave both of them. If the husband of a hearing wife went overseas and they came and told her, your husband has died, and she went and married a deaf-mute, and then her hearing [husband] returned, we would think that the deaf-mute should divorce her but the hearing person can keep her. She is still under these disabilities.

נִשְׁתַּטָּה לֹא יוֹצִיא. דְּבֵית רִבִּי יִנַּאי אָמְרֵי. מִפְּנֵי גְדֵירָה. רִבִּי זְעִירָה וְרִבִּי אִילָא תְּרֵיהוֹן אָמְרִין. שֶׁאֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לְשַׁמֵּר אֶת גִּיטָּהּ. רִבִּי נְחֶמְיָה בַּר מַר עוּקְבָּן בְּרֵיהּ דְּרִבִּי יוֹסֵי אָמַר תְּלָתָא. עָבַר וְגֵירַשׁ. מָאן דְּאָמַר. מִפְּנֵי גְדֵירָה. גֵּירַשׁ. מָאן דְּאָמַר. שֶׁאֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לְשַׁמֵּר אֶת גִּיטָּהּ. אָסוּר. יֵשׁ לָהּ בֵּן וְאָב וְאָח. מָאן דְּאָמַר. מִפְּנֵי גְדֵירָה. אָסוּר. מָאן דְּאָמַר. שֶׁאֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לְשַׁמֵּר אֶת גִּיטָּהּ. יֵשׁ לָהּ אָב וִיכוֹלָה הִיא לִשְׁמוֹר אֶת גִּיטָּהּ. פְּעָמִים שׁוֹטָה פְעָמִים חֲלוּמָה. מָאן דְּאָמַר. מִפְּנֵי גְדֵירָה. אָסוּר. מָאן דְּאָמַר. שֶׁאֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לְשַׁמֵּר אֶת גִּיטָּהּ. יֵשׁ לָהּ עִיתִּים וִיכוֹלָה הִיא לְשַׁמֵּר אֶת גִּיטָּהּ.

“If she became insane he shall not divorce.” In the House of Rebbi Yannai they said, because of the fence. Rebbi Ze‘ira and Rebbi Hila both say, because she cannot preserve her bill of divorce. Rebbi Nehemiah bar Mar Uqban (the son) [in the name] of Rebbi Yose explained three cases. If he transgressed and divorced her. According to him who said because of a fence, he divorced. According to him who said because she cannot preserve her bill of divorce, it is forbidden. If she has a son, or a father, or a brother. According to him who said because of a fence, it is forbidden. According to him who said because she cannot preserve her bill of divorce, she has a father and can preserve her bill of divorce. Sometimes she is insane and sometimes of lucid mind. According to him who said because of a fence, it is forbidden. According to him who said because she cannot preserve her bill of divorce, sometimes she can preserve her bill of divorce.

Mishnah

משנה: אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי וְכִי מִפְּנֵי מָה הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁנִּתְחָרְשָּׁה יוֹצְאָה וְהָאִישׁ שֶׁנִּתְחָרַשׁ אֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא. אָמְרוּ לוֹ אֵינוֹ דוֹמֶה הָאִישׁ הַמְגָרֵשׁ לָאִשָּׁה הַמִּתְגָּרֶשֶׁת שֶׁהָאִשָּׁה יוֹצְאָה לִרְצוֹנָהּ וְשֶׁלֹּא לִרְצוֹנָהּ וְהָאִישׁ אֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא אֶלָּא לִרְצוֹנוֹ. הֵעִיד רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן גּוּדְגָּדָה עַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת שֶׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ שֶׁהִיא יוֹצְאָה בְגֵט אָמְרוּ לוֹ אַף זוֹ כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהּ.

MISHNAH: Rebbi Joḥanan ben Nuri said, why can a deaf-mute woman be divorced but a deaf-mute man cannot divorce? They told him, a divorcing man is not comparable to a divorced woman since a woman can be divorced with or against her will but a man divorces only by his own will. Rebbi Joḥanan ben Gudgada testified about a deaf-mute girl who was married off by her father that she could be divorced by a bill of divorce. They said to him, that is an example.

Halakhah

הלכה: הֵעִיד רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי כול׳. רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה בְּעָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי הִילָא. נִרְאִין הַדְּבָרִים בְּפִיקַּחַת שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ דַּעַת שֶׁהִיא יוֹצְאָה בֵּין לְדַעַת בֵין שֶׁלֹּא לְדַעַת. וְחֵרֶשֶׁת שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ דַּעַת לֹא תֵצֵא אֶלָּא לְדַעַת. וְלֹא עֵידוּת הִיא. אַף זוֹ כְיוֹצֵא בָהּ וּמוֹסִיפִין עַל הָעֵדוּת. וְרִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה סָבַר מֵימַר בְּפִיקַּחַת שֶׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ וְנִתְחָרְשָׁה. רִבִּי יוֹסֵה סָבַר מֵימַר בִּקְטַנָּה שֶׁהִשִּׂיאָהּ אָבִיהָ וְנִתְגָּרְשָׁה.

HALAKHAH: “Rebbi Joḥanan ben Nuri testified,” etc. Rebbi Ḥananiah asked before Rebbi Hila. The matters seem reasonable for a hearing woman of sound mind, that she is divorced with or without her acquiescence. But a deaf-mute woman who has no will should not be divorced except with her acquiescence. But is it not testimony “that is an example”; does one add to a testimony? But Rebbi Ḥanania is of the opinion that this deals with a hearing girl who was married off by her father and became deaf-and-dumb. Rebbi Yose is of the opinion that this deals with an underage girl who was married off by her father and became divorced.

אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. לֵית כֵּן עַל רֹאשָׁהּ. אִית כֵּן עַל סוֹפָהּ. מַה אִית כֵּן עַל רֹאשָׁהּ. כְּשֶׁהָיָה חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל הַחֵרֶשֶׁת פִּיקֵּחַ בַּעַל הַפִּקַּחַת. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה חֵרֵשׁ בַּעַל הַפִּיקַּחַת פִּיקֵּחַ בַּעַל חֵרֶשֶׁת הָדָא הִיא דְתַנִּינָן דְּבָתָר דְּבָתָר דְּבַתְרָה.

Rebbi Joḥanan said, there is nothing to be learned from the beginning, but there is something to be learned from the end. What is there at the beginning? If the deaf-mute [brother] was the husband of the deaf-mute [woman] and the hearing the husband of the hearing. But if the deaf-mute [brother] was the husband of the hearing [woman] and the hearing the husband of the deaf-mute, that should have been stated at the very end.