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The Jerusalem Talmud

סוכה ג׳Sukkah 3

Perek 3 of 5 in Sukkah — 12 halakhot

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Halakhah 1א׳

Mishnah

משנה: לוּלָב הַגָּזוּל וְהַיָּבֵשׁ פָּסוּל. שֶׁל אֲשֵׁירָה וְשֶׁל עִיר הַנִּדַּחַת פָּסוּל. נִקְטַם רֹאשׁוֹ נִפְרְצוּ עָלָיו פַּסוּל. נִפְרְדוּ עָלָיו כָּשֵׁר. רִבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר יְאַגְּדֶנּוּ מִלְמַעְלָה. צִינֵּי הַר הַבַּרְזֶל כְּשֵׁירוֹת. כָּל לוּלָב שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ שְׁלשָׁה טְפָחִים כְּדֵי לְנַעְנֵעַ בּוֹ כָּשֵׁר:

MISHNAH: A robbed or dried up lulav is disqualified. Of an ashera or a seduced city, it is disqualified. If it was truncated, its leaves broken out, it is disqualified. If its leaves were spread out, it is qualified; Rebbi Jehudah says, he shall tie them at the top. The stone palms of Iron Mountain are qualified. Any lulav three hand-breadths long to shake it is qualified.

Halakhah

הלכה: לוּלָב הַגָּזוּל וְהַיָּבֵשׁ פָּסוּל כול׳. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי חִיָיה. וּלְקַחְתֶּם לָכֶם. מִשֶׁלָּכֶם. וְלֹא הַגָּזוּל. אָמַר רִבִּי לֵוִי. זֶה שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל לוּלָב גָּזוּל לְמָה הוּא דוֹמֶה. לְאֶחָד שֶׁכִּיבֵּד אֶת הַשִּׁלְטוֹן תַּמְחוּי אֶחָד וְנִמְצָא מִשֶׁלּוֹ. אָמְרוּ. אִי לוֹ לָזֶּה שֶׁנַּעֲשֶׂה סֻנֵיגוֹרוֹ קַטֵּיגוֹרוֹ.

HALAKHAH: “A robbed or dried up lulav is disqualified,” etc. Rebbi Ḥiyya stated: You shall take for yourselves, from what is your own. Rebbi Levi said, to what is one compared who takes a robbed lulav? To one who honored the ruler with a basket and it turned out that it belonged to the latter. One says, woe to this one whose defender became his prosecutor.

שׁוֹפָר שֶׁלְעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְשֶׁלְעִיר הַנִּידַּחַת. רִבִּי לָעְזְר אָמַר. כָּשֵׁר. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי חִיָיה. כָּשֵׁר. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה. פָּסוּל. הַכֹּל מוֹדִין בַּלּוּלָב שֶּׁהוּא פָסוּל. מַה בֵין שׁוֹפָר וּמַה בֵין לוּלָב. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵה. בַּלּוּלָב כָּתוּב וּלְקַחְתֶּם לָכֶם. מִשֶׁלָּכֶם. לֹא מִשֶּׁלְאִיסּוּרֵי הֲנָיָיה. בְּרַם הָכָא יוֹם תְּרוּעָה יִהְיֶה לָכֶם. מִכָּל מָקוֹם. אָמַר רִבִּי לָעְזְר. תַּמָּן בְגוּפוֹ הוּא יוֹצֵא. בְּרַם הָכָא בְקוֹלוֹ הוּא יוֹצֵא. וְיֵשׁ קוֹל אָסוּר בַּהֲנָיָיה.

A ram’s horn of idolatry or a seduced city. Rebbi Eleazar said, it is qualified. Rebbi Ḥiyya stated, it is qualified. Rebbi Hoshaia stated, it is disqualified. Everybody agrees about a lulav that it is disqualified. What is the difference between a ram’s horn and a lulav? Rebbi Yose said, about a lulav it is written: You shall take for yourselves, from what is your own. Not from what is forbidden for usufruct. But here, a day of horn blowing it shall be for you. Rebbi Eleazar said, there he fulfills his obligation by the thing itself. But here he fulfills his obligation by the sound. Is there a sound which is forbidden for usufruct?

מַה פְלִיגִין. בְּשֶׁגְּזָלוֹ מְשׁוּפֶּה. אֲבָל אִם גְּזָלוֹ וְשִׁיפֵּהוּ. דָּמִים הוּא חַיָיב לוֹ. גָּזַל לוּלָב מִיכָּן וְהָדָס מִיכָּן וַעֲרָבָה מִיכָּן וַאֲגָדָן. נִישׁמְעִינָהּ מִן הָדָא. סּוּכָּה גְזוּלָה. אִית תַּנָּיֵי תַנֵּי. כְּשֵׁירָה. אִית תַּנָּיֵי תַנֵּי. פְּסוּלָה. רִבִּי סִימוֹן בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי. מָאן דְּאָמַר. כְּשֵׁירָה. בְּשֶׁגָּזַל קַרְקַע. מָאן דְּאָמַר. פְּסוּלָה. בְּשֶׁגָּזַל פְּסָל. וְאֵיפְשַׁר שֶׁלֹּא יִיקָּשֵׁר. בִּמְיַישֵּׁב מִלְּמַעֲלָן. רַבָּנִן דְּקַיְסָרִין בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. בֵּין זֶה וּבֵין זֶה פְּסוּלָה. אֵי זוֹ הִיא גְזוּלָה פְסוּלָה. כָּל שֶׁהוּא נִכְנַס בְּתוֹךְ סוּכָּתוֹ שֶׁלְחֲבֵירוֹ שֶׁלֹּא מִדַּעְתּוֹ. כְּהָדָא. גַּמְלִיאֵל זֶוּגָא עֲבַד לֵיהּ מַטַלָּא גַּו שׁוּקָא. עֲבַר רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. מָאן שְׁרָא לָךְ.

Where do they disagree? If he robbed it smoothed. But if he robbed it and smoothed it, he owes him money. If he robbed a lulav from one, a myrtle branch from another, and a willow branch from a third and tied them together? Let us hear from the following: A robbed sukkah, there are Tannaim who stated, it is qualified; there are Tannaim who stated, it is disqualified. Rebbi Simon in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi: He who said, it is qualified, if he robbed the real estate. He who said, it is disqualified, if he robbed the agricultural waste. It is impossible that he not tie them together. If he places it from the top. The rabbis of Caesarea in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: In every case it is disqualified. What is the robbed one which is disqualified? Any time a person enters another’s sukkah without his knowledge. As the following. Gamliel the twin made himself a sukkah on the market. Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish passed by and told him, who gave you permission?

יָבֵשׁ פָּסוּל. רִבִּי אַבִּין בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יוּדָה בַּר פָּזִי. הַיָּבֵשׁ פָּסוּל עַל שֵׁם לֹא הַמֵּתִים יְהַלְלוּ יָהּ. תַּנֵּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוּדָה. הַיָּבֵשׁ עַצְמוֹ כָשֵׁר. אָמַר לָהֶן רִבִּי יְהוּדָה. וַהֲלֹא בְכַרַכֵּי הַיָּם מוֹרִישִׁין לוּלְבֵיהֶן לִבְנֵיהֶן. אָמְרוּ לוֹ. אֵין לְמֵידִין מִשְּׁעַת הַדּוֹחַק. בְּעוֹן קוֹמֵי רִבִּי אֲבִינָּא. יָבְשָׁה צִיצִּיתוֹ מָהוּ מַה בֵינוֹ לְקָטוּם. אֲמַר לוֹן. זֶה הִדּוּר וָזֶה אֵינוֹ הִדּוּר.

“Dried up is disqualified.” Rebbi Abbin in the name of Rebbi Jehudah bar Pazi: The dried-up is disqualified because the dead ones cannot praise the Eternal. It was stated in the name of Rebbi Jehudah, “the dried up one is qualified. Rebbi Jehudah told them, do they not have their sons inherit their lulavim in the port cities overseas? They told him, one does not make inferences from emergency situations.” They asked before Rebbi Avinna, if its fringe was dried up, what? What is the difference to when its head was chopped off? He told them, the first is splendor, the second is not splendor.

רִבִּי מָלוּךּ בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי. נֶחֱלַק הַמַּתְאִים כְּמִי שֶׁנִּפְרְדוּ הֶעָלִין. כַּפּוֹת תְּמָרִים. רִבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר. כַּפּוֹת תְּמָרִים. רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה אוֹמֵר. כַּפּוֹת תְּמָרִים כִּשְׁמָן. רִבִּי יוּדָה אוּמֵר. אִם נִפְרָד יְאַגְּדֶנּוּ.

Rebbi Maluk in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi: If the spine is split it is as if the leaves were spread out. Date-palm palms. Rebbi Tarphon says, tied date-palms. Rebbi Aqiba says, palms of date palms as they are called. Rebbi Jehudah says, if they are spread out he shall tie them together.

אֵילּוּ הֵן צִינֵּי הַר הַבַּרְזֶל שֶׁהֵן כְּשֵׁירוֹת. כָּל שֶׁרֹאשָׁהּ שֶׁלָּזֶה מָגִּיעַ לְצַד עִיקָּרָהּ שֶׁלְּזוֹ. תַּנֵּי. חָרוּת פְּסוּלָה. דּוֹמֶה לְחָרוּת כָּשֵׁר.

The following are the stone palms of Iron Mountain which are qualified: Any of which the top of one reaches the root of the next. It was stated: Burned is disqualified, looking like burned is qualified.

רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר אַבָּא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. כֵּינִי מַתְנִיתָא. כְּדֵי לְנַעְנֵעַ בּוֹ כָּשֵׁר. תַּנֵּי. הֲדַס וַעֲרָבָה שְׁלֹשָׁה וְלוּלָב אַרְבָּעָה. תַּנֵּי. בָּאַמַּת חֲמִשָּׁה. דִּבְרֵי רִבִּי טַרְפוֹן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים. בָּאַמָּת שִׁשָּׁה. עַל דְּרִבִּי טַרְפוֹן פּוֹשְׁכִין רַבְרְבִין. עַל דַּעְתְּהוֹן דְּרַבָּנִן פּוֹשְׁכִין דַּקִּיקִין. רִבִּי יוֹנָה וְרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוּדָה נְשִׂיָיא. לוּלָב טֶפַח. רִבִּי סִימוֹן בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי. אֵזוֹב טֶפַח. רִבִּי זְעִירָה בָעֵי. לוּלָב טֶפַח. אֵזוֹב טֶפַח. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. קִיְימָהּ רִבִּי סִימוֹן. רִבִּי חִינְנָא רִבִּי סִימוֹן בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי. לוּלָב טֶפַח. אֵזוֹב טֶפַח. שׁוֹפָר טֶפַח. שִׁילְיָיא טֶפַח. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים. אַף דוֹפָן שְׁלִישִׁית טֶפַח. רִבִּי זְעוּרָא בָעֵי. לוּלָב טֶפַח (וּבִלְבַד) [מִלְּבַד] שִׁיזְרָה. אֵזוֹב טֶפַח חוּץ מִגִּבְעוֹלִין. רִבִּי יוֹסֵה רִבִּי טָבִי בְשֵׁם רַב רִבִּי חִינְנָא רִבִּי פַּרְנָךְ רַב מַתָּנָה יוֹסֵי בַּר מָּנִישָׁא בְשֵׁם רַב. לוּלָב טֶפַח (וּבִלְבַד) [מִלְּבַד] שִׁזְרָה. אֵזוֹב טֶפַח חוּץ מִגִּבְעוֹלָיו.

Rebbi Simeon bar Abba in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan. So is the Mishnah: If one can shake it, it is qualified. It was stated: Myrtle and willow twig three, and lulav four. It was stated, by the cubit of five {hand-breadths}, the words of Rebbi Tarphon, but the Sages are saying, by the cubit of six. For Rebbi Tarphon, large hand-breadths; in the opinion of the Sages, thin hand-breadths. Rebbi Jonah and Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish in the name of Rebbi Jehudah the Patriarch: The lulav a hand-breadth. Rebbi Simon in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi: the hyssop a hand-breadth. Rebbi Ze`ira asked, the lulav a hand-breadth, the hyssop a hand-breadth? Rebbi Yose said, Rebbi Simon confirmed it. Rebbi Ḥinena, Rebbi Simon in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi: the lulav a hand-breadth, the hyssop a hand-breadth, the ram’s horn a hand-breadth, the placenta a hand-breadth, and some are saying, also the third wall a hand-breadth. Rebbi Ze`ira asked, the lulav a hand-breadth except the spine? The hyssop a hand-breadth except for the stalk? Rebbi Yose, Rebbi Tabi in the name of Rav; Rebbi Ḥinena, Rebbi Parnakh, Rav Mattanah, Yose bar Manisha in the name of Rav: The lulav a hand-breadth except for the spine; the hyssop a hand-breadth except for its stalks.

Halakhah 2ב׳

Mishnah

משנה: הֲדַס הַגָּזוּל וְהַיָּבֵשׁ פָּסוּל. שֶׁל אֲשֵׁירָה וְשֶׁל עִיר הַנִּדַּחַת פָּסוּל. נִקְטַם רֹאשׁוֹ נִפְרְצוּ עָלָיו אוֹ שֶׁהָיוּ עֲנָבָיו מְרוּבּוֹת מֵעָלָיו פָּסוּל וְאִם מִיעֲטָן כָּשֵׁר. וְאֵין מְמַעֲטִין בְּיוֹם טוֹב:

MISHNAH: A robbed or dried up myrtle is disqualified. Of an ashera or a seduced city, it is disqualified. If it was truncated, its leaves broken out, or its berries more than its leaves, it is disqualified; if one reduced their number it is qualified but one may not reduce on the holiday.

Halakhah

הלכה: כְּתִיב וַעֲנַף עֵץ עָבוֹת. עַץ שֶׁעֲנָפָיו חוֹפִין אֶת רוּבּוֹ וְעוֹלֶה כְּמִין קְלִיעָה. וְאֵי זֶה זֶה. זֶה הֲדַס. אִין תֵּימַר זֵיתָא. עוֹלֶה כְּמִין קְלִיעָה וְאֵין עֲנָפָיו חוֹפִין אֶת רוּבּוֹ. אִין תֵּימַר זַרַגּוּנָה. עֲנָפָיו חוֹפוֹת אֶת רוּבּוֹ וְאֵינוֹ עוֹלֶה כְּמִין קְלִיעָה. וְאֵי זֶה זֶה. זֶה הֲדַס.

HALAKHAH: It is written, and a branch from the rope tree, a tree whose branches cover it and it rises like plaiting. Which one is this? The myrtle. If you would say the olive tree, it rises like plaiting but its branches do not cover it. If you would say the vine, its branches cover it but it does not rise like plaiting. Therefore, which one is this? The myrtle.

חִיָיה בַּר אָדָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ. בְּמַשְׁחִירוֹת שָׁנוּ. לָמָּה. מִשֵּׁם שֶׁאֵינָן דּוֹמוֹת לְעֵצוֹ אוֹ מִשֵּׁם שֶׁנִּגְמַר פִּרְיוֹ. מַה נְפַק מִן בֵּינֵיהוֹן. הָיָה דַּרָכּוֹ לְגַדֵּל יְרוֹקִים. אִין תֵּימַר. מִשֵּׁם שֶׁאֵינָן דּוֹמוֹת לְעֵצוֹ הֲרֵי אֵינָן דּוֹמוֹת לְעֵצוֹ. הֲוֵי. לָא טַעֲמָא דִי לָא מִשֵּׁם שֶׁנִּגְמַר פִּרְיוֹ.

Ḥiyya bar Ada in the name of Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish. They taught about the blackish ones. Why? Because they do not resemble its wood or because its fruit is ripened? What is the difference between these? If it is used to grow green ones. If you are saying, because they do not resemble its wood, they do not resemble its wood. Therefore the reason must be because its fruit is ripened.

…and 8 more halakhot in this perek.

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The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY

English: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY