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The Jerusalem Talmud

פאה ד׳Peah 4

Perek 4 of 8 in Peah — 7 halakhot

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Halakhah 1א׳

Mishnah

משנה: הַפֵּיאָה נִיתֶּנֶת בִּמְחוּבָּר לְקַרְקַע. בְּדָלִית וּבְדֶקֶל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת מוֹרִיד וּמְחַלֵּק לָעֲנִיִים. רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר אַף בְּחִילְקֵי אֱגוֹזִים. אֲפִילוּ תִּשְׁעִים וְתִשְׁעָה עֲנִיִים אוֹמְרִין לְחַלֵּק וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר לָבוֹז לְזֶה שׁוֹמְעִין שֶׁאָמַר כַּהֲלָכָה. וּבְדָלִית וּבְדֶקֶל אֵינוֹ כֵן אֲפִילוּ תִּשְׁעִים וְתִשְׁעָה אוֹמְרִין לָבוֹז וְאֶחָד אוֹמֵר לְחַלֵּק לְזֶה שׁוֹמְעִין שֶׁאָמַר כַּהֲלָכָה.

MISHNAH: Peah is given connected to the ground. From a climbing vine and a date palm, the owner brings it down and divides it up among the poor. Rebbi Simeon says, also for smooth nut trees. Even if 99 poor people say to distribute and one says to grab, one listens to him whose request is in keeping with practice. But for a climbing vine and a date palm it is not so; even if 99 say to grab and one says to distribute, one listens to him whose request is in keeping with practice.

Halakhah

הלכה: לֹא תְכַלֶּה פְּאַת שָׂדְךָ בְּקֻצְרֶךָ. מִיכָּן שֶׁהַפֵּיאָה נִיתֶּנֶת בִּמְחוּבָּר לְקַרְקַע. יָכוֹל אֲפִילוּ בְּדָלִית וּבְדֶקֶל תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר קְצִיר מַה קְצִיר מְיוּחָד שֶׁהַקָּטוֹן מוֹשֵׁל בּוֹ כַּגָּדוֹל יָצְאוּ הַדָּלִית וְהַדֶּקֶל שֶׁאֵין הַקָּטֹן מוֹשֵׁל בּוֹ כַּגָּדוֹל.

HALAKHAH: ( Lev. 23:22) “Do not finish off the corner of your field during your harvest.” This shows that peah is given standing on the ground. One might think this also includes climbing vine and date palms, but the verse says “harvest.” Harvest is special in that a small person can do it as well as a tall person; this excludes climbing vine and date palm where a small person cannot do it as well as a tall person.

אִית דְּבָעִי מַשְׁמָעִינָהּ מִן הָדָא תַּעֲזוֹב הַנַּח לִפְנֵיהֶן תְּבוּאָה בְּקַשָּׁהּ. תִּלְתָּן בְּעָמִיר תְּמָרִים בִּמְכַבֵּדוֹת. יָכוֹל בְּדָלִית וּבְדֶקֶל כֵּן תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר אוֹתָם. מַה רָאִיתָ לְרַבּוֹת אֶת אֵילּוּ וּלְהוֹצִיא אֶת אֵילּוּ. אַחַר שֶׁרִיבָּה הַכָּתוּב מִיעֵט. מַרְבֶּה אֲנִי אֶת אֵילּוּ שֶׁאֵינָן שֶׁל סַכָּנָה וּמוֹצִיא אֲנִי אֶת אֵילּוּ שֶׁהֵן שֶׁל סַכָּנָה.

Some want to understand it from the verse ( Lev. 19:10, 23:22) “abandon,” put before them grain in its straw, fenugreek in bundles, dates in brooms. I might think that this also includes climbing vine and date palms, but the verse says “them.” What argument do you have to include these and to exclude those? After the verse included, it excluded. I include those that are not dangerous and exclude those that are dangerous.

וְאֵינוֹ מְחוּבָּר. אִין תֵּימַר מְחוּבָּר הוּא קוֹרֵא שֵׁם פֵּיאָה לְמַעְלָן. אִין תֵּימַר שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְחוּבָּר קוֹרֵא שֵׁם פֵּיאָה לְמַטָּן. אִין תֵּימַר קוֹרֵא שֵׁם פֵּאָה לְמַעְלָן הוֹצָאָה מִשֶּׁל עֲנִיִים אִין תֵּימַר קוֹרֵא שֵׁם פֵּאָה מִלְּמַטָּן הוֹצָאָה מִשֶּׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת. וַאֲפִילוּ תֵימַר קוֹרֵא שֵׁם פֵּיאָה לְמַעְלָן הִטְרִיחוּ עַל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת שֶׁתְּהֵא הוֹצָאָה שֶׁלּוֹ מִפְּנֵי הַסַּכָּנָה.

Is it not connected? He calls it by the name peah when it is on the tree. If you say not from standing produce, he calls it by the name peah when it is taken down. If you say he calls it by the name peah when it is on the tree, the removal is charged to the poor. If you say he calls it by the name peah when it is taken down, the removal is the obligation of the owner. But even if you say that he calls it by the name peah when it is on the tree, they charge the owner with taking it down because of the danger.

תַּנִּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי [מֵאִיר] כָּל הָאִילָנוֹת סַכָּנָה. רִבִּי מֵאִיר לֹא דָרַשׁ קָצִיר וְרַבָּנָן דָּרְשֵׁי קָצִיר. כָּל עַמָּא דָּרְשֵׁי קָצִיר אֶלָּא רִבִּי מֵאִיר אָמַר כָּל אִילָנוֹת סַכָּנָה. וְרַבָּנָן אָמְרֵי אֵין סַכָּנָה אֶלָּא הַדָּלִית וְהַדֶּקֶל בִּלְבָד. רִבִּי חֲנַנְיָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁמֵּתוּ חֲמִשָּׁה אַחִים בְּחֲמִשָּׁה חֲלִיקֵי אֱגוֹזִים.

It was stated in the name of Rebbi Meïr: All trees are dangerous. Does Rebbi Meïr not infer from “harvest” while the rabbis likewise infer from “harvest?” Everybody infers from “harvest”, except that Rebbi Meïr says that all trees are dangerous and the rabbis say only the climbing vine and the date palm are dangerous. Rebbi Ḥananiah in the name of Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish: It has happened that five brothers died climbing five smooth nut trees.

בַּעַל הַבַּיִת שֶׁקָּרָא שֵׁם פֵּיאָה וְכִילָּה קוֹרֵא אֲנִי עָלָיו לֹא תְכַלֶּה פְּאַת שָׂדְךָ בְּקֻצְרֶךָ. לֹא קָרָא שֵׁם פֵּיאָה וְכִילָּה קוֹרֵא אֲנִי עָלָיו לֹא תְכַלֶּה פְּאַת שָׂדְךָ בְּקֻצְרֶךָ.

If the owner called it peah and nevertheless finished harvesting the entire field, I read for him: “Do not finish off the corner of your field during your harvest.” If he did not call it peah and finished harvesting the entire field, I read for him: “Do not finish off the corner of your field during your harvest.”

הִתְנוּ בֵּינֵיהֶן אֲפִילוּ כֵן אֵין שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ.

If they agreed among themselves, even so one does not listen to him.

בַּעַל הַבַּיִת יְחַלֵּק בְּיָדוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יִרְאֶה לְעָנִי מוֹדַעְתּוֹ וְיַשְׁלִיךְ לְפָנָיו. רִבִי שְמוּאֵל בַּר אֶבוּדַמָא בְּעִי כִּילָּה אֶת שָׂדֵהוּ אַתְּ אֲמַר חָזְרָה פֵּיאָה לָעוֹמָרִין. אֲפִילוּ כֵן בַּעַל הַבַּיִת מְחַלֵּק בְּיָדוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יִרְאֶה לְעָנִי מוֹדַעְתּוֹ וְיַשְׁלִיךְ לְפָנָיו.

The owner has to distribute by hand to avoid that he would see a poor person of his acquaintance and throw it before him. Rebbi Samuel bar Eudaimon questioned: If he finished harvesting his field, you say that peah returned to the sheaves. Even so, does the owner have to distribute by hand to avoid that he would see a poor person of his acquaintance and throw it before him?

Halakhah 2ב׳

Mishnah

משנה: נָטַל מִקְּצַת הַפֵּיאָה וְזָרַק עַל הַשְּׁאָר אֵין לוֹ בָּהּ כְּלוּם. נָפַל לוֹ עָלֶיהָ וּפִירֵס טַלִּיתוֹ עָלֶיהָ מַעֲבִירִין אוֹתוֹ מִמֶּנָּהּ וְכֵן בְּלֶקֶט וְכֵן בְּעוֹמֶר הַשִּׁכְחָה.

MISHNAH: If he took some of the peah and threw it on the rest, he has nothing of it. If he fell on it or spread his talith on it, one removes him from it. The same is valid for gleanings and the forgotten sheaf.

Halakhah

הלכה: תַּנִּי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי מֵאִיר קוֹנְסִין בּוֹ וּמוֹצִיאִין מִמֶּנּוּ אֶת הַתָּלוּשׁ וְאֶת הַמְּחוּבָּר. עַד כְּדוֹן מֵזִיד אֲפִילוּ שׁוֹגֵג וַאֲפִילוּ כְּרִיכוֹת.

HALAKHAH: It was stated in the name of Rebbi Meïr: “One punishes him and takes away from him both the cut and the standing produce.” That refers to intentional misconduct; does it apply even to action in error or even to small sheaves?

רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָּקִישׁ בְּשֵׁם אַבָּא כֹהֵן בַּר דָּלָיָא אָדָם זוֹכֶה בִּמְצִיאָה בְּתוֹךְ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת שֶׁלּוֹ מַה טַעַם וְהִנֵּה בְּעוֹנְיִי הֲכִינוֹתִי לְבֵית יי זָהָב כִּכָּרִים מֵאָה אֶלֶף וְכֶסֶף אֶלֶף אֲלָפִים כִּכָּרִים וְלַנְּחוֹשֶׁת וְלַבַּרְזֶל אֵין מִשְׁקָל כִּי לָרוֹב הָיָה וְעֵצִים וַאֲבָנִים הֲכִינוֹתִי וַעֲלֵיהֶם תּוֹסִיף.

Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish in the name of Abba Cohen Bar Dalaia: A person acquires a find within four cubits of himself. What is the reason? ( 1Chr. 22:14) “Look, in my poverty I prepared for the House of the Eternal 100’000 kikkar of gold, 1’000’000 kikkar of silver, bronze and iron unweighed because it was so much, I prepared wood and stones, and you should add to them.”

רִבִּי יוֹנָה אָמַר רַב הוֹשַׁעְיָא בְּעִי מַה נָן קַיָימִין אִם בְּתוֹךְ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת עָשִׁיר הוּא. אִם בְּחוּץ לְאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת וְיֵשׁ אָדָם מַקְדִּישׁ דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ. וְקִיַימְּנוּהָ בְּמַקְדִּישׁ רִאשׁוֹן רִאשׁוֹן.

Rebbi Jonah said that Rebbi Hoshaiah asked: What are we talking about? If this was within four cubits from him, he was rich. If it was outside of four cubits, may anybody dedicate anything that is not his? We confirmed it if he dedicated it piece by piece.

אָמַר רִבִּי אָבִין מַהוּ בְעֳנְיִי שֶׁאֵין עֲשִׁירוּת לִפְנֵי מִי שֶׁאָמַר וְהָיָה הָעוֹלָם. דָּבָר אַחֵר בְּעוֹנְיִי בְּעִינּוּי שֶׁהָיָה מִתְעַנֶּה וּמַקְדִּישׁ סְעוּדָתוֹ לַשָּׁמַיִם.

Rebbi Abun said, what means “in my poverty?” That there is no wealth before Him Who commanded and the world came into existence! Another explanation: בְּעוֹנְיִי “in my deprivation,” because he fasted and donated the price of his meal to Heaven.

הָתִיב רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר אִידִּי קוֹמֵי רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ וְהָתַנֵּינָן רָאָה אֶת הַמְּצִיאָה וְנָפַל לוֹ עָלֶיהָ וּבָא אַחֵר וְהֶחֱזִיק בָּהּ זֶה שֶׁהֶחֱזִיק בָּהּ זָכָה בָהּ. אָמַר לֵיהּ תִּיפְתָּר בְּשֶׁלֹּא אָמַר יִזְכּוּ לִי אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת שֶׁלִּי. וְהָתַנִּי נָפַל לוֹ עָלֶיהָ פִירֵס טַלִּיתוֹ עָלֶיהָ מַעֲבִירִין אוֹתָהּ מִמֶּנָּהּ. אָמַר לֵיהּ עוֹד הִיא בְּשֶׁלֹּא אָמַר יִזְכּוּ לִי אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת שֶׁלִּי. וְהָתַנִּי רִבִּי חִיָיא שְׁנַיִם שֶׁהָיוּ מִתְכַּתְּשִׁין עַל הָעוֹמֶר וּבָא עָנִי אַחֵר וַחֲטָפוֹ מִלִּפְנֵיהֶן זָכָה בּוֹ. אָמַר לֵיהּ עוֹד הִיא בְּשֶׁלֹּא אָמַר יִזְכּוּ לִי אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת.

Rebbi Jacob bar Idi objected before Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish. Did we not state: (Mishnah Baba Meẓi‘a 1:4) “If somebody saw a find and fell on it, when another person came and grabbed it, he who grabbed it had the rights to it?” He answered him: Explain it if the first one did not say that his four cubits should acquire it for him. But did we not state: “If he fell on it or spread his talith on it, one removes him from it?” He said to him, that is the same, if he did not say that his four cubits should acquire it for him. But did not Rebbi Ḥiyya state: ( Tosephta Peah 2:2) “If two were pushing one another because of a sheaf and another poor person came and grabbed it from before them, he is entitled to it. He said to him, it is the same, he did not say that his four cubits should acquire it for him.

אָמַר רִבִי יָסָא אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן זוֹ בְגִיטִּין מַה שֶׁאֵין כֵּן בְּמַתָּנָה. רוּבָּהּ דְּרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן וְרוּבָּהּ דְּרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ. רוּבָּהּ דְּרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן מַה אִם מְצִיאָה שֶׁאֵינוֹ זוֹכֶה בָּהּ מִדַּעַת אַחֵר הֲרֵי הוּא זוֹכֶה בָהּ בְּתוֹךְ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. מַתָּנָה שֶׁהוּא זוֹכֶה בָהּ מִדַּעַת אַחֵר לֹא כָּל שֶׁכֵּן. רוּבָּהּ דְּרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ מַה אִם מַתָּנָה שֶׁאֵינוֹ זוֹכֶה בָּהּ בְּתוךְ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת הֲרֵי הוּא זוֹכֶה בָּהּ מִדַּעַת אַחֵר. מְצִיאָה שֶׁהוּא זוֹכֶה בָהּ בְּתוֹךְ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת לֹא כָּל שֶׁכֵּן.

Rebbi Yasa said in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan: That refers to divorce documents, but it does not apply to a gift. Rebbi Joḥanan adds something, Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish adds something. Rebbi Joḥanan adds something. Since a find which cannot be acquired by the knowledge of another person can be acquired within four cubits, should this rule not apply a fortiori to a gift that is acquired by the knowledge of another person? Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish adds something. Since a gift which cannot be acquired within four cubits can be acquired by the knowledge of another person, should this not a fortiori apply to a find?

הָתִיב רִבִּי זְעִירָא קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יָסָא וְהָתַנֵּינָן וְכֵן לְעִנְיָין הַקִּידּוּשִׁין. אָמַר לֵיהּ הִיא גִּיטִּין הִיא קִידּוּשִׁין. וְהָתַנֵּינָן וְכֵן לְעִנְיָין הַחוֹב. אָמַר לֵיהּ שֶׁכֵּן אִם אָמַר לֵיהּ זֹרְקֵיהוּ לַיָּם וִיהֵא מָחוּל לָךְ מָחוּל לוֹ. מֵעַתָּה אֲפִילוּ קָרוֹב לְלוֶֹה זָכָה הַלֹּוֶה. וְתַנֵּינָן קָרוֹב לַלֹּוֶה הַלֹּוֶה חַיָיב שֶׁכֵּן אִם אָמַר לַיהּ זֹרְקֵיהוּ עַד שֶׁיִּיכָּנֵס לִרְשׁוּתִי וַאֲדַיִין לֹא נִכְנַס בִּרְשׁוּתוֹ. אָמַר רִבִּי אַבָּהוּ כָּל אִילֵּין תֲתוּבָתָה דַּהֲוָה רִבִּי זְעִירָא מוֹתִיב קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יָסָא. וְרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ מוֹתִיב קוֹמֵי רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן מְקַבֵּל מִינֵיהּ פָּתַר לֵיהּ בְּאִילֵּין פִּיתְרָיָא.

Rebbi Zeïra objected before Rebbi Yasa: But did we not state: The same applies to marriage? He answered him, divorce documents and marriage contracts have the same rules. But did we not state: The same applies to debt? He said to him, because if he said to him: Throw it into the sea and your debt will be forgiven, it would be forgiven. But if that is true, even if it fell down close to the debtor, the debtor should have the benefit! But we have stated, if it falls down close to the debtor, the debtor is still obligated. For he said to him, throw it so that it will enter my domain, and it did not yet enter his domain. Rebbi Abbahu said, all those objections that Rebbi Zeïra raised before Rebbi Yasa, Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish raised before Rebbi Joḥanan. Did he accept them from him? He solved them with those same solutions.

…and 3 more halakhot in this perek.

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The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY

English: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY