The Jerusalem Talmud
נדרים ד׳Nedarim 4
Perek 4 of 11 in Nedarim — 10 halakhot
Halakhah 1א׳
Mishnah
משנה: אֵין בֵּין הַמּוּדָּר הֲנָיָיה מֵחֲבֵירוֹ לַמּוּדָּר הֵימֶנּוּ מַאֲכָל אֶלָּא דְרִיסַת הָרֶגֶל וְכֵלִים שֶׁאֵין עוֹשִׂין בָּהֶן אוֹכֶל נֶפֶשׁ. הַמּוֹדָּר הֲנָיַית מַאֲכָל מֵחֲבֵירוֹ לֹא יַשְׁאִלֶינּוּ נָפָה וּכְבָרָה וְרֵחַיִם וְתַנּוּר. אֲבָל מַשְׁאִיל לוֹ חָלוּק וְטַלִּית נְזָמִים וְטַבָּעוֹת וְכָל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין עוֹשִׂין בּוֹ אוֹכֶל נֶפֶשׁ. מְקוֹם שֶׁמַּשְׂכִּירִין כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן אָסוּר.
MISHNAH: The only difference between one who is under a vow [not to have] usufruct from another and one who is under a vow about use of food is passing through his real estate and vessels that cannot be used to prepare food. One who is under a vow about use of food should not borrow from him a fine or coarse sieve, a grindstone, or an oven. But he may borrow from him a robe or a stole, nose rings and finger rings, and anything that is not used to prepare food. At a place where one rents out any of these it is forbidden.
Halakhah
הלכה: אֵין בֵּין הַמּוּדָּר הֲנָיָיה מֵחֲבֵירוֹ כול׳. הָא דָּבָר שֶׁעוֹשִׂין בּוֹ אוֹכֶל נֶפֶשׁ אָסוּר. וְלֹא מִמַּאֲכָל נָדַר. אָמִר רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ. כֵּינִי מַתְנִיתָא. אֵין בֵּין מוּדָּר הֲנָיָיה מֵחֲבֵירוֹ לַמּוּדָּר הֲנָיַית מַאֲכָל מֵחֲבֵירוֹ. תַּנֵּיי דְּבֵית רִבִּי כֵן. הַמּוֹדָּר הֲנָיַית מַאֲכָל מֵחֲבֵירוֹ לֹא יַשְׁאִילֶינּוּ נָפָה וּכְבָרָה רֵיחַיִם וְתַנּוּר. תַּנֵּי. אֲבָל מַשְׁאִילוֹ כּוֹסוֹת וּקְעָרוֹת וְתַמְחוּיִין. שֶׁאֵינָן מֲהַנִּין אֶת הָאוֹכֶל אֲבָל מַכְנִסִין אֶת הָאוֹכֶל. לָפַּסִּים וּקְדֵירוֹת אָסוּר. לִטְחוֹן וְלִדְרוֹךְ אָסוּר. לִקְצוֹר צְרִיכָא וְלִבְצוֹר צְרִיכָה. הֲנָיַית מַהוּ. תַּנֵּי אֲבָל מַשְׁאִילוּ קוֹרְדּוֹם. הֲוֵינָן סָבְרִין מֵימַר. בְּקוֹרְדּוֹם שֶׁלַּבַּקַעִי. תִּיפְתָּר בְּקוֹרְדּוֹם שֶׁלַּמַּכּוּשׁ. וְלֵית שְׁמַע מִינָהּ כְּלוּם. רִבִּי אֲבוּנָא אָמַר. רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בָּעֵי אָהֵן יוסטה מִכֵּיוָן דִּי מְרָחֵק וַחֲשַׁר בָּהּ קִמְחָא אֲסִיר מִישְׁאַל לֵיהּ.
HALAKHAH: “The only difference between one who is under a vow [not to have] usufruct from another,” etc. This means that vessels used to prepare food are forbidden. But did he not make the vow about food? Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish, so is the Mishnah: The only difference between one who is under a vow [not to have] usufruct from another and one who is under a vow about use for food. In the House of Rebbi it was stated thus: “One who is under a vow about use of food should not borrow from him a fine or coarse sieve, a grindstone, or an oven.” It was stated: But he may borrow from him cups and bowls and fruit bowls, since these are not used to prepare food, only to serve food. Pans and pots are forbidden. To mill and to press is forbidden. Cutting is a problem, harvesting is a problem. What kind of usufruct? It was stated: But he may borrow a spade from him. We wanted to say, a spade of a digger. Explain it by a spade for weeding, and you cannot infer anything. Rebbi Abuna said, that ysṭ’, since one removes and separates the bran from flour with it, it is forbidden to borrow from him.
רִבִּי בָּא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי זְעִירָא. שֶׁהוּא כְנוֹתֵן לוֹ מָעוֹת לִיקַּח בָּהֶן כִּכָּר. רִבִּי בּוּן בַּר חִיָיה בָּעֵי. מֵעַתָּה אָסוּר לְהַשְׁאִיל לוֹ מָעוֹת. שֶׁהוּא כְנוֹתֵן לוֹ מָעוֹת לִיקַּח בּוֹ כִּכָּר. רִבִּי אֲבִינָא אָמַר. רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בָעֵי. אִילֵּין קוֹזְמִידַיָיא דְּאִית עֲלֵיהוֹן אֲסִיר מִישְׁאַל לוֹן.
Rebbi Abba in the name of Rebbi Ze‘ira: Because it is as if he gave him money to buy a loaf with. Rebbi Abun bar Ḥiyya asked: Then is it forbidden to borrow money from him, for it is as if he gave him money to buy a loaf with? Rebbi Abina said, Rebbi Ze‘ira asked: That jewellery on them, is it forbidden to lend to them?
Halakhah 2ב׳
Mishnah
משנה: הַמּוּדָר הֲנָיָיה מֵחֲבֵירוֹ שׁוֹקֵל לוֹ אֶת שִׁקְלוֹ וּפוֹרֵעַ לוֹ אֶת חוֹבוֹ וּמַחֲזִיר לוֹ אֲבֵידָתוֹ. מְקוֹם שֶׁנּוֹטְלִין עָלֶיהָ שָׂכָר תִּיפּוֹל הֲנָיָיה לְהֶקְדֵּשׁ.
MISHNAH: If one is under a vow [not to have] usufruct from another, [the other] may give his šeqel, pay his debt and return what he has lost. At a place where one takes a fee for this, the gain should be given to the sacred fund.
Halakhah
הלכה: הַמּוּדָר הֲנָיָיה מֵחֲבֵירוֹ כול׳. רִבִּי בָּא בַּר מָמָל בָּעֵי. הַפּוֹרֵעַ שְׁטַר חוֹבוֹ שֶׁלַּחֲבֵירוֹ שֶׁלֹּא מִדַּעְתּוֹ. תַּפְלוּגְתָא דְּחָנָן וּבנֵי כֹהֲנִים גְּדוֹלִים. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. טַעֲמָא דִבְנֵי כֹהֲנִים גְּדוֹלִים. תַּמָּן לֹא עָלַת עַל דַּעְתָּן שֶׁתָּמוּת אִשְׁתּוֹ בְּרָעָב. בְּרַם הָכָא מְפַיֵיס הֲוֵינָא לֵיהּ וְהוּא מוֹחֵל לִי. הַגַּע עַצְמָךְ דַהֲוָה גַבֵּיהּ מַשְׁכּוֹן. מְפַיֵיס הֲוֵינָא לֵיהּ וְהוּא יְהַב לִי מַשְׁכּוֹנִי. עַד כְּדוֹן בְּבַעַל חוֹב שֶׁאֵינוֹ דוֹחֵק. וַאֲפִילוּ בְּבַעַל חוֹב שֶׁדּוֹחֵק. נִישְׁמְעִינָהּ מִן הָדָא. [וְשׁוֹקֵל אֶת שִׁקלוֹ. וְלֹא שָׁקַל אֵין ממַשְׁכְּנִין אוֹתוֹ.] תֵּדַע לָךְ שֶׁהוּא כֵן. דְּתַנִּינָן. וּמַקְרִיב עָלָיו קִינֵּי זָבִין קִינֵּי זָבוֹת קִינֵּי יוֹלְדוֹת חַטָּאוֹת וַאֲשָׁמוֹת. בְּשֶׁלֹּא נִכְנַס לְתוֹךְ יָדָיו כְּלוּם. וָכָא בְּשֶׁלֹּא יַכְנִס לְיָדָיו כְּלוּם.
HALAKHAH: “If one is under a vow [not to have] usufruct from another,” etc. Rebbi Abba bar Mamal asked: If somebody pays off somebody else’s debt without the latter’s knowledge, is that the disagreement of Ḥanan and the High Priests’ sons? Rebbi Yose said, there the reason of the High Priest’s sons is that nobody expects his wife to die from hunger. But here, [the debtor could say:] “I could negotiate with him and he would forgive some.” Think of it, if [the loan] was on a pledge! “I could negotiate with him and he would return my pledge.” So far about a creditor who does not push [for repayment]. Even for a creditor who pushes, we can hear from the following: “He may give his šeqel. If somebody does not pay his šeqel, does one not take a pledge from him? This says, even for a creditor who pushes. You should know that this is so, as we have stated: “He can bring for him nests for males or females suffering from genital discharges, nests for childbirth, purification and reparation offerings” since nothing of these comes to [the other person’s] hand. And here also, that nothing should come into his hand.
רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי אוֹמֵר. אֵין לָךְ נִתְפַּס עַל חֲבֵירוֹ וְחַיָיב לִיתֵּן לוֹ אֶלָּא בְּאַרְנוֹן וּבְגוּלגּוֹלֶת. רַב אָמַר. כָּל הַנִּתְפַּשׂ עַל חֲבֵירוֹ חַיָיב לוֹ. חֵיילֵיהּ דְּרַב מִן הָדָא. הַגּוֹזֵל שָׂדֶה וּנְטָלוּהָ מֵסִיקִין. לֹא שָׁמַע דְּאָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. קְנָס קָנְסוּ בְּגַזְלָן. רִבִּי אָבִין בָּעֵי דַּהֲוָה רַבֵּיהּ רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי בּוּן וְרִבִּי חִיָיה בַּר לוּלְיָינִי תְּרֵיהוֹן אָמְרִין בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל. חַד אָמַר. בְּאַרְנוֹן וּבְגוּלגּוֹלֶת. [וְחָרָנָה אָמַר. אֵינָהּ כְּאַרְנוֹן וּכְגוּלגּוֹלֶת.]
Rebbi Joshua ben Levi says, nobody is held responsible for his neighbor except for annona and head-tax. Rav said, anything for which one is held responsible for one’s neighbor has to be repaid. The strength of Rav is from the following: “He who appropriated a field and oppressors took it.” He did not hear that Rebbi Joḥanan said, they exacted a fine from a robber. Rebbi Abin asked, (who was the father of) Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun, and Rebbi Ḥiyya ben Julianus both said in the name of Samuel; one said, it is like annona and head-tax; the other one said, it is not like annona and head-tax.
תַּמָּן תַּנִּינָן. מְרַפְּאֵהוּ רְפוּאַת נֶפֶשׁ אֲבָל לֹא רְפוּאַת מָמוֹן. רִבִּי יוּדָה וְרִבִּי יוֹסֵי. חַד אָמַר. כָּאן בִּמְדִירָה מִגּוּפוֹ וְכָאן בִּמְדִירָה מִנְכָסָיו. וְחָרָנָה אָמַר. כָּאן בְּשֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ מִי שֶׁיְרַפְּאֶנּוּ וְכָאן בְּשֶׁאֵין לוֹ מִי שֶׁיְרַפְּאֶנּוּ. אִם בְּשֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ מִי שֶׁיְרַפְּאֶנּוּ אֲפִילוּ רְפוּאַת נֶפֶשׁ לֹא יְרַפְּאֶנּוּ. לֹא מִכָּל אָדָם זוֹכֶה לְהִתְרַפּוֹת.
There, we have stated: “He heals him in the sense of personal healing but not in the sense of financial healing.” Rebbi Judan and Rebbi Yose. One of them said, here if the vow refers to his body, there if the vow refers to his property. But the other one said, here if he has somebody else who can heal him, there if there is nobody else who can heal him. If he has somebody else who can heal him, he should not be able to heal him personally! Not by everybody is a person successfully healed.
וְלֹא נִיכְסֵי הַמַּחֲזִיר הֵן שֶׁהֵן אֲסוּרִין לְבַעַל הַפָּרָה. עוּלָּא בַּר יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי יִצְחָק. כְּשֶׁהָיוּ נִיכְסֵי זֶה אֲסוּרִין עַל זֶה וְנִיכְסֵי זֶה אֲסוּרִין עַל זֶה.
Is not the property of the finder forbidden to the owner of the cow? Ulla bar Ismael in the name of Rebbi Isaac: If each man’s property was forbidden to the other.
מָאן תַּנָּא תִּפּוֹל הֲנָיָיה לְהֶקְדֵּשׁ. רִבִּי מֵאִיר. דְּרִבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר. מוֹעֲלִין בְּאִיסָּרוֹת. רִבִּי בּוּן בַּר חִיָיה בָּעֵי. נָדַר מִן כִּכָּר מָהוּ לְחַמֵּם בּוֹ אֶת יָדָיו. נִישְׁמְעִינָהּ מִן הָדָא. אָמַר. כִּכַּר זוֹ הֶקְדֵּשׁ. אֲכָלוֹ בֵּין הוּא בֵין אַחֵר מָעַל. לְפִיכָךְ יֵשׁ לוֹ פִדְיוֹן. אִם אָמַר. הֲרֵי הוּא עָלַי. אֲכָלוֹ מָעַל בּוֹ בְטוֹבַת הֲנָיָיה. דִּבְרֵי רִבִּי מֵאִיר. אֲחֵרִים לֹא מָעֲלוּ. לְפִיכָךְ אֵין לוֹ פִדְיוֹן. לֹא אָמַר אֶלָּא אֲכָלוֹ. הָא לְחַמֵּם בּוֹ אֶת יָדָיו מוּתָּר. תַּלְמִידוֹהִי דְּרִבִּי יוֹנָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי בּוּן בַּר חִיָיה. כֵּינִי בָאוֹמֵר. לֹא אוֹכְלֵינוּ וְלֹא אֶטְעָמֶנּוּ. לֹא אֲסָרוֹ עָלָיו אֶלָּא לַאֲכִילָה. עַד כְּדוֹן צְרִיכָה נָדַר מִן הַכִּכָּר מָהוּ לְחַמֵּם בּוֹ אֶת יָדָיו.
Who is the Tanna of “the gain should be given to the sacred fund”? Rebbi Meïr! For Rebbi Meïr said, one commits sacrilege with prohibitions. Rebbi Abun bar Ḥiyya asked: If somebody made a vow [to forbid] a loaf to himself, can he use it to warm his hands? Let us hear from the following: “If he said, this loaf shall be dedicated, if he or another person ate it, they committed sacrilege; therefore, it can be redeemed. But if he said, it is for me [as if dedicated], if he ate it he committed sacrilege on goodwill but others would not commit sacrilege.” He said only, if he ate it. Therefore, to warm his hands is permitted. The students of Rebbi Jonah in the name of Rebbi Abun bar Ḥiyya: That is if he said I shall not eat it nor taste it; if he forbade only eating to himself. But the question was, if somebody made a vow [to forbid] a loaf to himself, can he use it to warm his hands?
The Jerusalem Talmud, edition by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY
English: The Jerusalem Talmud, translation by Heinrich W. Guggenheimer, De Gruyter 1999–2015, via Sefaria — CC BY