גיטין ח׳Gittin 8

Mishnah

משנה: הַזּוֹרֵק גֵּט לְאִשְׁתּוֹ וְהִיא בְתוֹךְ בֵּיתָהּ אוֹ בְתוֹךְ חֲצֵירָהּ הֲרֵי זוֹ מְגוֹרֶשֶׁת. זְרָקוֹ לָהּ בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ אוֹ בְתוֹךְ חֲצֵירוֹ אֶפִילוּ הוּא עִמָּהּ בַּמִּיטָּה אֵינָהּ מְגוֹרֶשֶׁת. לְתוֹךְ חֵיקָהּ אוֹ לְתוֹךְ קָלָתָהּ הֲרֵי זוֹ מְגוֹרֶשֶׁת.

MISHNAH: If somebody throws a bill of divorce to his wife while she is in her own house or her own courtyard, she is divorced. If he threw it to her inside his house or his courtyard, even if he was together with her in a bed, she is not divorced. Into her bosom or her wool basket, she is divorced.

Halakhah

הלכה: הַזּוֹרֵק גֵּט לְאִשְׁתּוֹ כול׳. וְכָתַב וְנָתַן בְּיָדָהּ. אֵין לִי אֶלָּא בְיָדָהּ. בְּגִינָּתָהּ בַּחֲצֵירָהּ מְנַיִין. תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר. וְנָתַן. וְנָתַן. עַד כְּדוֹן כְּרִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. כְּרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. וַיִקַּח אֶת כָּל אַרְצוֹ מִיָּדוֹ וְעַד אַרְנֹן. וְכִי מִיָּדוֹ לָקַח. אֶלָּא מָהוּ מִיָּדוֹ. מֵרְשׁוּתוֹ.

HALAKHAH: “If somebody throws a bill of divorce to his wife,” etc. “He shall write,” “he shall deliver into her hand.” Not only into her hand; from where also into her garden or into her courtyard? The verse says “he shall deliver, he shall deliver.” Is this following Rebbi Ismael? It is following Rebbi Aqiba. It was stated in the name of Rebbi Ismael, “he took all his land from his hand, up to the Arnon.” Did he take it out of his hand? What means “from his hand”? From his possession.

וְגִינָּתָהּ וַחֲצֵירָהּ אֵינָן מְשׁוּעֲבָדִין לָאִישׁ לַאֲכִילַת פֵּירוֹת. רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יַנַּאי. עַד שֶיִּכְתּוֹב לָהּ. דִּין וּדְבָרִים אֵין לִי בְנִכְסַיִיךְ. רִבִּי יִצְחָק בַּר חֲקוּלְיָה בְשֵׁם רִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה. אֲפִילוּ לא כָתַב לָהּ. דִּין וּדְבָרִים אֵין לִי בְנִכְסַיִיךְ. וְאַתְיָיא דְּרִבִּי יַנַּאי כְרַבָּנִין וּדְרִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה כְּרִבִּי מֵאִיר. דְּרִבִּי יַנַּאי כְרַבָּנִין. דְּרַבָּנִין אָמְרִין. עַל יְדֵי שֶׁיַּד הָעֶבֶד כְּיַד רַבּוֹ הוּא זָכָה גִיטּוֹ מִיָּדוֹ. וְגִינָּתָהּ וַחֲצֵירָהּ הוֹאִיל וְהֵן מְשׁוּעֲבָדִין לָאִישׁ לַאֲכִילַת פֵּירוֹת. עַד שֶיִּכְתּוֹב לָהּ. דִּין וּדְבָרִים אֵין לִי בְנִכְסַיִיךְ. וְקַשְׁיָא עַל דְּרַבָּנִין. הוּא יַד הָעֶבֶד כְּיַד רַבּוֹ וְהוּא זָכָה גִיטָהּ. וּדְרִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה כְּרִבִּי מֵאִיר. דְּרִבִּי מֵאִיר אָמַר. עַל יְדֵי שֶׁאֵין הָאִשָּׁה כְיַד בַּעֲלָהּ הִוא זָכְתָה גִיטָּהּ מִיָּדוֹ. וְגִינָּתָהּ וַחֲצֵירָהּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין מְשׁוּעֲבָדִין לָאִישׁ לַאֲכִילַת פֵּירוֹת אֲפִילוּ לא כָתַב לָהּ. דִּין וּדְבָרִים אֵין לִי בְנִכְסַיִיךְ. נָפְלוּ לוֹ נְכָסִים וְלָהּ. אֲפִילוּ כָתַב כְּמִי שֶׁלֹּא כָתַב. הָיָה נָשׂוּי אֶת בַּת אָחִיו. אֲפִילוּ כָתַב כְּמִי שֶׁלֹּא כָתַב. נָתַן לָהּ אַחֵר מַתָּנָה. וְאָמַר לָהּ. עַל מְנָת שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא לְבַעֲלָהּ רְשׁוּת בָּהֶן אֶלָּא מַה שֶׁאַתְּ נוֹשֵׂאת וְנוֹתֶנֶת בְּפִיךְ. אֲפִילוּ לֹא כָתַב לָהּ כְּמִי שֶׁכָּתַב.

But are her garden and her courtyard not subject to her husband’s having the usufruct? Rebbi Joshua in the name of Rebbi Yannai: Only if he writes to her, “I have nothing to do with your properties.” Rebbi Isaac bar Ḥaqulah in the name of Rebbi Hoshaiah: Even if he did not write to her, “I have nothing to do with your properties.” It turns out that Rebbi Yannai follows the rabbis and Rebbi Hoshaiah follows Rebbi Meїr. Rebbi Yannai follows the rabbis, for the rabbis say, even though the slave’s hand is his master’s hand, he can acquire his document of manumission from [his master’s] hand. But her garden and her courtyard are subject to her husband’s having the usufruct unless he writes to her, “I have nothing to do with your properties.” It is difficult for the rabbis: since the slave’s hand is his master’s hand, how can he acquire his document of manumission from [his master’s] hand? Rebbi Hoshaiah follows Rebbi Meїr, for Rebbi Meїr said since the wife’s hand is not her husband’s hand, she can acquire her bill of divorce from her husband. Her garden and her courtyard will not be subject to her husband, even if he has the usufruct, even if he did not write to her, “I have nothing to do with your properties.” If he inherited properties together with her, even if he wrote it is as if he did not write; [for example] if he had married his brother’s daughter, even if he wrote it is as if he did not write. If another person gave her a gift and told her, on condition that your husband have no rights to it, but it is for you to trade on your own account, then even if he did not write it is as if he wrote.

רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בָעֵי. זְרָקוֹ לָהּ בְּחָצֵר שֶׁאֵינָהּ שֶׁלִּשְׁנֵיהֶן מָהוּ. רִבִּי אָחָא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי חֲנִינָה. צְרִיכָה לְרַבָּנִין. אָמַר רִבִּי אָבִין. מַחֲלוֹקֶת רַב וְרִבִּי חִיָיה רוֹבָה. דָּמַר רִבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל רִבִּי זְעִירָה רַב חִיָיה בַר אַשִּׁי בְשֵׁם רַב. אֵין מְשִׁיכָה קוֹנָה בְחָצֵר שֶׁאֵינָהּ שֶׁלִּשְׁנֵיהֶן. וְתַנֵּי רִבִּי חִיָיה וּפְלִיג. אֵימָתִי אָמְרוּ. הַמְטַלְטְלִין נִקְנִין בִּמְשִׁיכָה. בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים אוֹ בְחָצֵר שֶׁאֵינָהּ שֶׁלִּשְׁנֵיהֶן. אֲבָל בִּרְשׁוּת הַלּוֹקֵחַ כֵּיוָן שֶׁקִּיבֵּל עָלָיו בִּרְשׁוּת הַמּוֹכֵר זָכָה. לֹא קָנָה אֶלָּא עַד שָׁעָה שֶׁיַּגְבִּיהַּ אוֹ עַד שָׁעָה שֶׁיִּמְשׁוֹךְ וְיוֹצֵא חוּץ מֵרְשׁוּת הַבְּעָלִים. בִּרְשׁוּת זֶה שֶׁהָיוּ מוּפְקָדִין אֶצְלוֹ לֹא קָנָה עַד שֶׁיְּזַכּוּהוּ בָהֶן אוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּשְׂכִּיר לוֹ אֶת מְקוֹמוֹ.

Rebbi Jeremiah asked: If he threw it to her in a courtyard which belongs to neither of them, what is the rule? Rebbi Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Ḥanina: That is a problem for the rabbis. Rebbi Abin said, it is a disagreement between Rav and the Elder Rebbi Ḥiyya, for Rebbi Samuel, Rebbi Ze‘ira, Rav Ḥiyya bar Ashi said in the name of Rav: Drawing close does not acquire in a courtyard which belongs to neither of them. But Rebbi Ḥiyya stated in disagreement: “Under which circumstances did they say that movables are acquired by drawing close? In the public domain or in a courtyard which belongs to neither of them. But in the buyer’s domain he acquired the moment he accepted it. In the seller’s domain he does not acquire unless either he lifts it up or moves it out of its prior owner’s domain. In a domain where it was deposited he does not acquire unless he either is explicitly empowered or he leases its place.”

עוּלָּא בַּר יִשְׁמָעֵאל אָמַר. לֹא עָלְתָה עַל דַּעְתּוֹ לִזְכוֹת בְּקָלָתָהּ. הַגַּע עַצְמָךְ שֶׁהָיְתָה קָלָתָהּ שֶׁלְּזָהָב. כָּל שֶׁכֵּן לֹא עָלְתָה עַל דַּעְתּוֹ לִזְכוֹת בְּקָלָתָהּ. רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר. וּבִלְבַד בְּמִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהּ. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. וּבִלְבַד בְּמִשְׁתַּמֶּשֶׁת בָּהּ בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה. רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ אָמַר. בִּקְשׁוּרָה לָהּ. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי. וּבְמַגְבָּהַת מַחְמָתָהּ. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיֵה וּמְסַיֵּיעַ לְרִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. אֲפִילוּ זְרָקוֹ לָהּ בְּתוֹךְ הַמָּלוֹשׁ שֶׁלָּהּ הֲרֵי זוֹ מְגוֹרֶשֶׁת.

Ulla bar Ismael said, he never thought to have a right to her wool basket. Think of it, if her wool basket was of gold? Certainly he never thought to have a right to her wool basket. Rebbi Joḥanan said, only if it is being used. Rebbi Yose said, only if she is using it at that moment. Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish said, if it is tied to her; Rebbi Yose said, if she lifts it for her purpose. Rebbi Hoshaiah stated in support of Rebbi Joḥanan: Even if he threw it into her maloš she is divorced.

Mishnah

משנה: אָמַר לָהּ כִּינְסִי שְׁטָר חוֹב זֶה אוֹ שֶׁמְּצָאַתּוּ מֵאֲחוֹרָיו קוֹרְאָה וַהֲרֵי הוּא גִיטָּהּ אֵינוֹ גֵט עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לָהּ הֵא גִיטֵּיךְ. נָתַן בְּיָדָהּ וְהִיא יְשֵׁינָה נֵיעוֹרָה קוֹרְאָה וַהֲרֵי הוּא גִיטָּהּ אֵינוֹ גֵט עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לָהּ הֵא גִיטֵּיךְ. הָיְתָה עוֹמֶדֶת בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וּזְרָקוֹ לָהּ קָרוֹב לָהּ מְגוֹרֶשֶׁת קָרוֹב לוֹ אֵינָהּ מְגוֹרֶשֶׁת מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה מְגוֹרֶשֶׁת וְאֵינָהּ מְגוֹרֶשֶׁת.

MISHNAH: If he said to her, “take this bond,” or she found it behind his back, she read it and it turned out to be her bill of divorce, it is no bill of divorce until he says to her “this is your bill of divorce”. If he put it into her hand while she was asleep, after she awoke she read it and it turned out to be her bill of divorce, it is no bill of divorce until he says to her “this is your bill of divorce”. If she was standing in the public domain when he threw it to her and it landed close to her it is a bill of divorce, close to him it is no bill of divorce, half and half she is divorced and not divorced.

Halakhah

הלכה: אָמַר לָהּ כִּינְסִי שְׁטָר חוֹב זֶה כול׳. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. דְּרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר הִיא. דְּרִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר. לְעוֹלָם אֵינוֹ גֵט עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לָהּ בִּשְׁעַת מַתָּנָה. הֵא גִיטֵּיךְ.

HALAKHAH: “If he said to her, ‘take this bond,’” etc. Rebbi Joḥanan says, this follows Rebbi Eleazar ben Simeon, since Rebbi Eleazar ben Simeon says it never is a bill of divorce unless he says at the moment of delivery: “this is your bill of divorce.”

כַּמָּה הוּא קָרוֹב. רַב אָמַר. אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. אָמַר רִבִּי אִלַאי הַיּוֹרֵשׁ. אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. רִבִּי לָעְזָר בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יַנַּאי. כְּפִישׁוּט יָדַיִים. וְתַנִּינָן. בְּפִישׁוּט יָדַיִם. רִבִּי בָּא רִבִּי יִרְמְיָה בְשֵׁם רַב. בְּפִישׁוּט יָדַיִם. מִחְלְפָה שִׁיטָּתֵיהּ דְּרַב. תַּמָּן הוּא אָמַר. אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. וְהָכָא הוּא אָמַר אָכֵן. כָּאן לַהֲלָכָה כָּאן לְמַעֲשֶׂה. תַּנֵּי רִבִּי לָעְזָר. אֲפִילוּ קָרוֹב לָזֶה מִלְּזוֹ וּבָא הַכֶּלֶב וּנְטָלוֹ אֵינָהּ מְגוֹרֶשֶׁת. שְׁמוּאֵל כְּהָדָא דְּרִבִּי לָעְזָר וּפְלִיג. הַמְחָוּוָר בְּכוּלָּן עַד שֶׁיִתְּנֶנָּה לְתוֹךְ יָדָהּ. הָיָה פוֹשֵׁט יָדַיִים בֵּינוֹ לְבֵינָהּ. שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר בָּא בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. קָרוֹב לָהּ מִלּוֹ מְגוֹרֶשֶׁת. לוֹ מִלָּהּ אֵינָהּ מְגוֹרֶשֶׁת. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה מְגוֹרֶשֶׁת וְאֵינָהּ מְגוֹרֶשֶׁת. אַבָּא בַּר רַב יִרְמְיָה אָמַר. כָּל הֵן דְּתַנִּינָן מְגוֹרֶשֶׁת וְאֵינָהּ מְגוֹרֶשֶׁת. מְזוֹנוֹת מִשֶּׁלּוֹ.

How close is “near”? Rav said, four cubits. Rebbi Ilai the heir said, four cubits. Rebbi Eleazar in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan in the name of Rebbi Yannai: Stretching out hands, and we have stated: “stretching out hands.” Rebbi Abba, Rebbi Jeremiah, in the name of Rav: Stretching out hands. The argument of Rav is inverted; there, he says four cubits and here he says so? There in theory, here in practice. “Rebbi Eleazar stated: Even if it was closer to her than to him but a dog came and took it away, she is not divorced.” Samuel agrees with Rebbi Eleazar and disagrees. The clearest way is that he puts it into her hand. If there was room for stretching out hands between him and her, Simeon bar Abba in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan [states]: If it was closer to her than to him she is divorced, closer to him than to her she is not divorced, half and half she is divorced and not divorced. Abba bar Rav Jeremiah said: In all cases in which we have stated “divorced and not divorced”, support is on him.