יורה דעה צ״טYoreh De'ah 99

Se’if 4ד׳

מְשַׁעֲרִים בָּרֹטֶב וּבַקִּיפָה (פֵּרוּשׁ הַדַּק דַּק שֶׁל בָּשָׂר וְתַבְלִין הַמִּתְאַסֵף בְּשׁוּלֵי קְדֵרָה) וּבַחֲתִיכוֹת. וּמְשַׁעֲרִין הַהֶתֵּר וְהָאִסוּר כְּמוֹ שֶׁבָּא לְפָנֵינוּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהָיָה בַּהֶתֵּר יוֹתֵר מִתְּחִלָּה וְנִתְמַעֵט בְּבִשּׁוּלוֹ וְנִבְלַע בַּקְּדֵרָה. וְהָנֵי מִלֵּי בְּמִין בְּשֶׁאֵינוֹ מִינוֹ, אֲבָל אִם הוּא מִין בְּמִינוֹ מְשַׁעֲרִין גַּם בַּמֶּה שֶּׁבָּלְעָה הַקְּדֵרָה, וְעוֹמֵד בְּדָפְנֵי הַקְּדֵרָה. וּמְשַׁעֲרִים זֶה בְּאֹמֶד יָפֶה, וְרוֹאִין אוֹתוֹ כְּאִלּוּ הוּא בְּעַיִן, אֲבָל מַה שֶּׁכָּלָה וְאָבַד מֵחֲמַת הָאוּר אֵינוֹ מִצְטָרֵף, שֶׁזֶּה כָּלָה לְגַמְרֵי.

We calculate the proportions using the broth, the kipah (meaning the very fine particles of meat and spices that gather at the bottom of the pot), and the pieces. We evaluate the permitted and forbidden food exactly as it is presented before us, even if there was more permitted food at the beginning and it diminished during its cooking and was absorbed into the pot. This applies specifically to a mixture not of its own kind. But if it is a mixture of its own kind, we also include in our calculation what the pot absorbed that remains in the walls of the pot. We evaluate this with an accurate estimation and view it as if it were visibly present. However, whatever was consumed and lost due to the fire does not combine [to nullify the prohibition], because it is completely gone.

Se’if 5ה׳

אֵין מְבַטְּלִין אִסוּר לְכַתְּחִלָּה. וַאֲפִלּוּ נָפַל לְתוֹךְ הֵתֶּר שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ שִׁעוּר לְבַטְּלוֹ, אֵין מוֹסִיפִין עָלָיו הֶתֵּר כְּדֵי לְבַטְּלוֹ. עָבַר וּבִטְּלוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁרִבָּה עָלָיו, אִם בְּשׁוֹגֵג, מֻתָּר. וְאִם בְּמֵזִיד, אָסוּר לַמְבַטֵּל עַצְמוֹ, אִם הוּא שֶׁלּוֹ, וְכֵן לְמִי שֶׁנִּתְבַּטֵּל בִּשְׁבִילוֹ. וַאֲסוּרִים לְמָכְרוֹ גַּם כֵּן לְיִשְׂרָאֵל אַחֵר, שֶׁלֹּא יֵהָנוּ מִמַּה שֶּׁבִּטְּלוּ (אָרֹךְ כְּלָל כ"ד). וְלִשְׁאָר כָּל אָדָם, מֻתָּר. הַגָּה: וְדַוְקָא שֶׁנִּתְעָרֵב יָבֵשׁ בְּיָבֵשׁ, אוֹ אֲפִלּוּ לַח בְּלַח לְמָאן דְּאָמַר שֶׁאֵין אוֹמְרִים בּוֹ חֲתִיכָה נַעֲשֵׂית נְבֵלָה, כְּדִלְעֵיל סי' צ"ב. אֲבָל חֲתִיכָה שֶׁבָּלְעָה אִסּוּר, לֹא מְהַנֵּי שֶׁנִּתּוֹסֵף אַחַר כָּךְ הַהֶתֵּר, דְּהָא אָמְרִינָן בֵּהּ חֲתִיכָה נַעֲשֵׂית נְבֵלָה. (רַשְׁבָּ"א סי' תצ"ה עי' ס"ק י"ד). וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דַּאֲפִלּוּ בְּמָקוֹם דְּלָא אַמְרִינָן חֲתִיכָה נַעֲשֵׂית נְבֵלָה לֹא מְהַנֵּי הַהֶתֵּר לְבַטֵּל, אֶלָּא אִם נִתּוֹסֵף קֹדֶם שֶׁנּוֹדַע הַתַּעֲרוֹבוֹת, אֲבָל אִם נוֹדַע הַתַּעֲרוֹבֶת קֹדֶם, לֹא מְהַנֵּי מַה שֶׁנִּתּוֹסֵף אַחַר כָּךְ. וּלְפִי זֶה, הָיָה צָרִיךְ הֶחָכָם הַמּוֹרֶה לְבַטֵּל אִסּוּר לַחֲקֹר אִם נִתּוֹסֵף הַהֶתֵּר לְאַחַר שֶׁנּוֹדַע (אָרֹךְ כ' ל"ז). וְלֹא נָהֲגוּ כֵן.

We do not nullify a prohibition initially [intentionally]. And even if it fell into permitted food that does not contain the requisite measure to nullify it, we do not add permitted food to it in order to nullify it. If one transgressed and nullified it, or added [permitted food] to it: if it was done unintentionally, it is permitted. But if it was done intentionally, it is forbidden to the person who nullified it himself if it belongs to him, and similarly to the person for whom it was nullified (and they are also forbidden to sell it to another Jew, so that they do not profit from what they nullified) (Arukh principle 24). But to all other people, it is permitted. Gloss: And this applies specifically when dry was mixed with dry, or even liquid with liquid according to the one who maintains we do not say regarding it "the piece becomes an entirely forbidden entity" (Chaticha Na'aseh Neveilah), as stated above in section 92. But regarding a solid piece that absorbed a prohibition, it does not help that permitted food was added afterwards, because we say regarding it that "the piece becomes an entirely forbidden entity" (Rashba section 495, and see subparagraph 14). And some say that even in a case where we do not apply "the piece becomes an entirely forbidden entity," the [added] permitted food does not help to nullify it unless it was added before the mixture became known. But if the mixture became known beforehand, what was added afterwards does not help. And according to this, the sage rendering a ruling to nullify a prohibition would need to investigate whether the permitted food was added after it became known (Arukh principle 37). However, we do not practice this way.