יורה דעה נ״חYoreh De'ah 58

Se’if 1א׳

נְפוּלָה, אֲסוּרָה. כֵּיצַד, בְּהֵמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה, אִם הָיְתָה עוֹמֶדֶת עַל רַגְלֶיהָ כְּשֶׁנָּפְלָה, אִם יֵשׁ מִכְּרֵסָהּ עַד הַמָּקוֹם שֶׁנָּפְלָה שָׁם עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, חוֹשְׁשִׁין שֶׁמָּא נִתְרַסְקוּ אֵיבָרֶיהָ. וְאִם הָיְתָה שׁוֹכֶבֶת וְנִתְגַּלְגְּלָה וְנָפְלָה, צָרִיךְ שֶׁיִּהְיֶה גֹבַהּ הַמָּקוֹם עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים. וְהָא דִּבְעֵינָן גֹּבַהּ י' טְפָחִים, דַּוְקָא בְּנָפְלָה מֵעַצְמָהּ (ד"ע בבֵּית יוֹסֵף) אוֹ הִפִּילוּהָ אֲחֵרִים וְיָדְעָה שֶׁרוֹצִים לְהַפִּילָהּ, אֲבָל אִם הִפִּילוּהָ אֲחֵרִים שֶׁלֹּא מִדַּעְתָּהּ, אוֹ אֲפִלּוּ יָדְעָה בְּכָךְ אֶלָּא שֶׁהִפִּילוּהָ בְּבַת אַחַת, אֲפִלּוּ בְּפָחוֹת מֵעֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים חוֹשְׁשִׁין לָהּ. וְאֵין חִלּוּק בָּזֶה בֵּין בְּהֵמָה לְעוֹף, דִּבְעוֹף נָמֵי דִּינָא הָכֵי (טוּר וּבַיִת יוֹסֵף וְכֵן מַשְׁמָעוּת הַפּוֹסְקִים).

An animal that has fallen, a nefulah, is forbidden. How so? An animal that fell: if it was standing on its feet when it fell, if there are from its paunch to the place where it fell ten handbreadths, we are concerned lest its limbs were crushed (risukei evarim — the inward injury that a fall may work, unseen from without). And if it was lying down and rolled over and fell, the height of the place must be ten handbreadths. And this, that we require a height of ten handbreadths, is specifically where it fell of itself (his own opinion, in the Beit Yosef), or where others threw it down and it knew that they wished to throw it down; but if others threw it down without its knowledge, or even if it knew of it save that they threw it down all at once, we are concerned for it even at less than ten handbreadths. And there is no distinction in this between an animal and a bird, for in a bird too the law is thus (Tur and Beit Yosef, and so is the implication of the poskim).

Se’if 2ב׳

הָעוֹף שֶׁדְּרָסוֹ אָדָם בְּרַגְלָיו אוֹ טְרָפוֹ לַכֹּתֶל, אוֹ שֶׁרְצָצַתּוּ בְּהֵמָה, אוֹ שֶׁנֶּחְבַּט עַל דָּבָר קָשֶׁה, חוֹשְׁשִׁין לוֹ. הַגָּה: וְכֵן אִם נָפַל אֶבֶן אוֹ דָּבָר קָשֶׁה עַל גּוּפוֹ, וְכֵן בִּבְהֵמָה אִם הוּא בְּדָבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָחוּשׁ בִּבְהֵמָה (כָּל בּוֹ וא"ו הָאָרֹךְ טוּר וּבֵית יוֹסֵף וְר"ן וְרַשְׁבָּ"א וְר' יְרוּחָם).

A bird that a man trod upon with his feet, or dashed against a wall, or that an animal crushed, or that was dashed down upon something hard: we are concerned for it. Hagah [Rema]: And likewise if a stone or something hard fell upon its body; and likewise in an animal, if it is by something for which there is ground to be concerned in an animal (Kol Bo and the Issur v'Heter haAroch, Tur and Beit Yosef and Ran and Rashba and Rabbeinu Yerucham).

Se’if 3ג׳

נְפוּלָה שֶׁאָמַרְנוּ שֶׁחוֹשְׁשִׁין לָהּ, אִם לֹא עָמְדָה, אָסוּר לִשְׁחֹט אוֹתָהּ עַד שֶׁתִּשְׁהֶה מֵעֵת לְעֵת, וְאִם שְׁחָטָהּ בְּתוֹךְ זְמַן זֶה, אֲפִלּוּ בְּדָקוּהָ וּמָצְאוּ אוֹתָהּ שְׁלֵמָה מִכָּל אֵיבָרֶיהָ, טְרֵפָה. וְאִם שָׁהֲתָה מֵעֵת לְעֵת וְאַחַר כָּךְ שְׁחָטָהּ, צָרִיךְ לְבָדְקָהּ כְּנֶגֶד כָּל הֶחָלָל כֻּלּוֹ, מִקָּדְקֹד הָרֹאשׁ עַד הַיָּרֵךְ, אִם יִמְצָא בָּהּ טְרֵפוּת מֵהַטְּרֵפוֹת שֶׁמָּנוּ חֲכָמִים, אוֹ שֶׁנִּתְרַסֵק אֵבֶר מֵהָאֵבָרִים שֶׁבִּפְנִים וְנִפְסְדָה צוּרָתוֹ, הֲרֵי זוֹ טְרֵפָה. אֲפִלּוּ נִתְרַסֵק אֵבֶר מֵהָאֵבָרִים שֶׁאִם נִטְּלוּ כְּשֵׁרָה, כְּגוֹן טְחוֹל וּכְלָיוֹת, הֲרֵי זֶה טְרֵפָה, חוּץ מִבֵּית הַרֶחֶם שֶׁאִם נִתְרַסֵק הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתֶּרֶת. וְהַסִימָנִים אֵינָם צְרִיכִים בְּדִיקָה, שֶׁאֵין הַנְּפִילָה מְמַעֶכֶת אוֹתָם. הַגָּה: וְאִם הֻכְּתָה בְּאֶבֶן בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד אֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה בְּדִיקָה רַק נֶגֶד הַמָּקוֹם שֶׁהֻכְּתָה שָׁם וְלֹא בִּשְׁאָר אֵיבָרִים (כָּל בּוֹ וְכֵן מַשְׁמָע מִלְּשׁוֹן הַטּוּר).

A nefulah of which we said that we are concerned for it: if it did not stand up, it is forbidden to slaughter it until it has waited twenty-four hours; and if he slaughtered it within this time, even if they examined it and found it sound in all its limbs, it is a tereifah (an animal with a fatal defect). And if it waited twenty-four hours and afterwards he slaughtered it, he must examine it over against the whole of the cavity, from the crown of the head to the thigh: if there is found in it one of the tereifah-defects that the Sages enumerated, or if one of the limbs that are within was crushed and its form was spoilt, this is a tereifah. Even if one of the limbs was crushed of which, had they been removed, it would be fit, such as the spleen and the kidneys, this is a tereifah, except for the womb, for if that was crushed this is permitted. And the simanim — the windpipe and the gullet, which the slaughter must sever — do not require examination, for the fall does not crush them. Hagah [Rema]: And if it was struck with a stone in one place, it does not require examination save over against the place where it was struck, and not in the other limbs (Kol Bo, and so is implied by the language of the Tur).