יורה דעה נ׳Yoreh De'ah 50

Se’if 1א׳

כָּל אֵלּוּ הַנְּקָבִים, אִם יֵשׁ בַּמֶּה לִתְלוֹת כְּמוֹ בְּטַבָּח אוֹ בִּזְאֵב שֶׁנְּטָלָן, תּוֹלִין בָּהֶם, וְאִם אֵין דָּבָר לִתְלוֹת בּוֹ וְסָפֵק אִם נִקַּב מֵחַיִּים אִם לָאו, נוֹקְבִין נֶקֶב אֶצְלוֹ וּמְדַמִּין זֶה לְזֶה, וַאֲפִלּוּ אֵין דּוֹמִים, אִם מִשְׁמְשׁוּ בַּיָּדַיִם בְּנֶקֶב הַסָפֵק יְמַשְׁמְשׁוּ גַּם בַּנֶּקֶב שֶׁעוֹשִׂין לְדַמּוֹתוֹ בּוֹ, אִם דּוֹמִים לְאַחַר מִשְׁמוּשׁ, כְּשֵׁרָה. וְאֵין מְדַמִּין אֶלָּא בְּכֶרֶס וּבְדַקִּין, אֲבָל לֹא בְּלֵב וּטְחוֹל וְקֻרְקְבָן. הַגָּה: וְעַיֵּן לְעֵיל סִימָן ל"ו כֵּיצַד נוֹהֲגִין. כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין יְכוֹלִין לִתְלוֹת שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה לְאַחַר שְׁחִיטָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא טְרֵפוּת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ בְּדִיקָה, אִם לֹא בְּדָקוּהוּ אוֹ שֶׁאֵין יְכוֹלִין לִבְדֹּק, הֲרֵי הוּא כִּסְפֵק טְרֵפָה וְאוֹסְרִין אוֹתָהּ. וְלֹא אָמְרִינָן נִשְׁחֲטָה הֻתְּרָה אֶלָּא בְּדָבָר שֶׁנּוּכַל לוֹמַר שֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה הָרֵעוּתָא לְאַחַר שְׁחִיטָה, דְּלָא יָצְאתָה מֵחֶזְקָתָהּ מֵחַיִּים.

All these holes: if there is something to which to attribute them, such as to a butcher or to a wolf that took them, they attribute them to these. And if there is nothing to which to attribute it, and it is a doubt whether it was perforated in its lifetime or not, they make a hole beside it and compare the one to the other. And even if they are not similar — if they handled the doubtful hole with their hands, let them handle also the hole that they make in order to compare it with it: if they are similar after the handling, it is fit. And they compare only in the paunch and in the small intestines, but not in the heart and the spleen and the gizzard. Hagah [Rema]: And see above, siman 36, how they are accustomed to act. Every case where they cannot attribute it to what was done after the slaughter — even though it is a tereifah (an animal with a fatal defect) for which there is an examination — if they did not examine it, or they are unable to examine it, behold, it is as a doubtful tereifah, and they forbid it. And we do not say that once it was slaughtered it became permitted, save in a matter of which we can say that the defect came about after the slaughter, since it did not leave its presumptive status from its lifetime.

Se’if 2ב׳

כָּל אֵבֶר שֶׁאָמַרְנוּ שֶׁאִם נִקַּב בְּמַשֶּׁהוּ, טְרֵפָה, כָּךְ אִם נִטַּל כֻּלּוֹ, טְרֵפָה, בֵּין שֶׁנִּטַּל בְּחֹלִי אוֹ בַּיָּד, בֵּין שֶׁנִּבְרָא חָסֵר. וְכֵן אִם נִבְרָא בִּשְׁנֵי אֵבָרִים מֵאוֹתוֹ אֵבֶר, טְרֵפָה, שֶׁכָּל הַיָּתֵר כְּנָטוּל חָשׁוּב חוּץ מִטְּחוֹל שֶׁנִּטַּל כָּשֵׁר וְנִקַּב בְּסוּמְכֵיהּ טְרֵפָה. (טוּר). וְכָל שֶׁאָמַרְנוּ בּוֹ אִם נִבְרָא חָסֵר, טְרֵפָה, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן אִם נִטַּל בַּיָּד. וְכָל שֶׁאָמַרְנוּ בּוֹ אִם נִטַּל, טְרֵפָה, הוּא הַדִּין לַנִּבְרָא חָסֵר. וְיֵשׁ מַכְשִׁירִין בָּזֶה. וּבְהֶפְסֵד מְרֻבֶּה יֵשׁ לִסְמֹךְ אַמַּכְשִׁירִין (ד"ע).

Every limb of which we said that if it was perforated by the least amount at all it is a tereifah — so too, if the whole of it was removed, it is a tereifah, whether it was removed by illness or by hand, or whether it was formed lacking. And likewise if it was formed with two limbs in place of that one limb, it is a tereifah, for whatever is extra is accounted as removed, except for the spleen, which, if it was removed, it is fit, and if it was perforated at its thick part, it is a tereifah. (Tur.) And everything of which we said that if it was formed lacking it is a tereifah, all the more so if it was removed by hand. And everything of which we said that if it was removed it is a tereifah, the same law applies to one formed lacking. And there are those who declare it fit in this. And in a case of great loss there is ground to rely upon those who declare it fit (his own opinion).

Se’if 3ג׳

כָּל אֵבֶר שֶׁנְּקִיבָתוֹ אוֹ חֶסְרוֹנוֹ אוֹ נְטִילָתוֹ פּוֹסֵל, אִם נִתְמַסְמֵס, פָּסוּל. הַגָּה: וַאֲנַן שֶׁאֵין אָנוּ בְּקִיאִין, כָּל שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּנָּה מַרְאִית הַבָּשָׂר לְרֵעוּתָא הֲוֵי כְּנִקַּב שָׁם (הַגָּהוֹת מַיְמוֹנִי וּמָרְדְּכַי).

Every limb whose perforation, or its lacking, or its removal disqualifies — if it turned to mush, it is unfit. Hagah [Rema]: And we, who are not experts, hold that anything whose appearance of flesh has changed for the worse is as though it were perforated there (Hagahot Maimoni and Mordechai).