יורה דעה כ״גYoreh De'ah 23

Se’if 1א׳

כָּל טַבָּח שֶׁאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ הִלְכוֹת שְׁחִיטָה אָסוּר לֶאֱכֹל מִשְּׁחִיטָתוֹ; וְאֵלּוּ הֵן: שְׁהִיָּה, דְּרָסָה, חֲלָדָה, הַגְרָמָה וְעִקּוּר.

Any butcher which does not know the laws of shechita it is not permissible to eat from his shechita. And these are the laws: pausing(shehiya), chopping (drasa), covering (halada), missing Missing (cutting outside the permitted area - hagrama), and tearing (ikour).

Se’if 2ב׳

שְׁהִיָּה כֵּיצַד, (לְשׁוֹן הָרַמְבַּ"ם פ"ג מה"ש דִּין ב') הֲרֵי שֶׁהִתְחִיל לִשְׁחֹט, וְהִגְבִּיהַּ יָדוֹ קֹדֶם שֶׁיִּגְמֹר הַשְּׁחִיטָה, וְשָׁהָה בֵּין בְּשׁוֹגֵג בֵּין בְּמֵזִיד, בֵּין בְּאֹנֶס בֵּין בְּרָצוֹן, וּבָא הוּא אוֹ אַחֵר וְגָמַר הַשְּׁחִיטָה, אִם שָׁהָה כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּגְבִּיהַּ הַבְּהֵמָה וְיַרְבִּיצֶנָּה, וְיִשְׁחֹט (וְשִׁיעוּר שְׁהִיָּה בְּעוֹף וּבִּבְהֵמָה דַּקָה כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּגְבִּיהּ בְּהֵמָה דַּקָה וְיַרְבִּיצֶנָּה וְיִשְׁחֹט) עַד רֹב הַסִימָנִים שֶׁהוּא הֶכְשֵׁר שְׁחִיטָה, שְׁחִיטָתוֹ פְּסוּלָה. (עי' ס"ק ג') הָיְתָה בְּהֵמָה דַּקָּה, שִׁעוּר שְׁהִיָתָהּ כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּגְבִּיהַּ בְּהֵמָה דַּקָּה וְיַרְבִּיצֶנָּה וְיִשְׁחֹט. וְאִם הָיְתָה גַּסָה, כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּגְבִּיהַּ בְּהֵמָה גַּסָה וְיַרְבִּיצֶנָּה וְיִשְׁחֹט; וּבְעוֹף, כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּגְבִּיהַּ בְּהֵמָה דַּקָּה וְיַרְבִּיצֶנָּה וְיִשְׁחֹט; וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּשִׁיעוּר שְׁהִיַּת עוֹף כְּדֵי שְׁחִיטַת רֹב סִימָן א' בְּעוֹף בְּלִי הַגְבָּהָה וְהַרְבָּצָה; וּלְפִי דִּבְרֵיהֶם יֵשׁ לִזָּהֵר כְּשֶׁהִתְחִיל לִשְׁחֹט בָּעוֹף וְחָתַךְ מְעַט עַד שֶׁהַדָּם יוֹצֵא, וְהִגְבִּיהַּ סַכִּינוֹ מֵהַצַּוָּאר, שֶׁלֹּא יִגְמֹר הַשְּׁחִיטָה, לְפִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָחוּשׁ שֶׁמֶּא שָׁחַט מַשֶּׁהוּ מֵהַוֵּשֶׁט; וַאֲפִלּוּ לֹא הִגְבִּיהַּ סַכִּינוֹ אֶלָּא מְעַט, יֵשׁ לָחוּשׁ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁשְּׁהִיַּת הָעוֹף מוּעֶטֶת מְאֹד דִּכְדֵי שְׁחִיטַת רֹב סִימָן א' בָּעוֹף הוּא נַעֲשֶׂה מַהֵר; וַאֲפִלּוּ אָמַר הַשּׁוֹחֵט: בָּרִי לִי שֶׁלֹּא חָתַכְתִּי כִּי אִם הָעוֹר, אֵין סוֹמְכִין עָלָיו כֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּצָא הַדָּם; וְאִם בָּא לִשְׁאֹל אַחַר שֶׁהִגְבִּיהַּ סַכִּינוֹ כֵּיצַד יַעֲשֶׂה, אוֹמְרִים לוֹ שֶׁיִּשְׁחֹט הַקָּנֶה לְבַדּוֹ בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יַהֲפֹךְ הַוֵּשֶׁט וְיִבְדֹּק אוֹתוֹ. וּלְעִנְיַן מַעֲשֶׂה יֵשׁ לְהַחְמִיר כִּסְבָרָא זוֹ, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הוּא שְׁעַת הַדַּחַק אוֹ הֶפְסֵד מְרֻבֶּה, שֶׁאָז יֵשׁ לִסְמֹךְ עַל סְבָרָא רִאשׁוֹנָה. הַגָּה: וְהַמִּנְהָג פָּשׁוּט בִּמְדִינוֹת אֵלּוּ לְהַטְרִיף כָּל שְׁהִיָּה, אֲפִלּוּ מַשֶּׁהוּ, בֵּין בְּעוֹף בֵּין בִּבְהֵמָה (מָרְדְּכַי וּמהרי"ו בְּהל' שְׁחִיטָה) וְאֵין לְשַׁנּוֹת. וְאִם נִמְצָא לְאַחַר שְׁחִיטָה גֶּמִי אוֹ כַּיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ מֻנָּח בַּוֵּשֶׁט אוֹ בַּקָּנֶה וְנִשְׁחַט עִמּוֹ, טְרֵפָה, דְּוַדַּאי הֻצְרַךְ לְהַשְׁהוֹת מְעַט בַּחֲתִיכַת הַדָּבָר הַהוּא לְאַחַר שֶׁשָּׁחַט הַסִּימָן, וְהָוֵי שְׁהִיָּה בְּמַשֶּׁהוּ, וּטְרֵפָה (תה"ד סִימָן קפ"ה).

Pausing in the middle of the slaughter (shehiyah) — how so? (the language of the Rambam, chapter 3 of the Laws of Slaughter, law 2) Behold, one who began to slaughter and lifted his hand before he finished the slaughter, and paused — whether unwittingly or deliberately, whether under compulsion or willingly — and he or another came and finished the slaughter: if he paused for as long as it takes for him to lift up the animal and make it lie down and slaughter (and the measure of a shehiyah in a bird and in a small animal is for as long as it takes for him to lift up a small animal and make it lie down and slaughter) up to the greater part of the simanim — the windpipe and the gullet, which the slaughter must sever — which is what makes a slaughter valid, his slaughter is invalid. (see se'if katan 3) If it was a small animal, the measure of its shehiyah is for as long as it takes for him to lift up a small animal and make it lie down and slaughter; and if it was a large one, for as long as it takes for him to lift up a large animal and make it lie down and slaughter; and in a bird, for as long as it takes for him to lift up a small animal and make it lie down and slaughter. And there are those who say that the measure of the shehiyah of a bird is for as long as the cutting of the greater part of one siman in a bird takes, without lifting up and making lie down; and according to their words one should be careful, when he began to slaughter a bird and cut a little until the blood comes out and lifted his knife from the neck, that he should not finish the slaughter, since there is reason to be concerned lest he cut the least amount at all of the gullet; and even if he lifted his knife but a little, there is reason to be concerned, because the shehiyah of a bird is very small, for the cutting of the greater part of one siman in a bird is done quickly; and even if the slaughterer said: it is clear to me that I cut nothing but the hide — they do not rely upon him, since the blood came out; and if he came to ask, after he had lifted his knife, how he should act, they say to him that he should cut the windpipe alone in another place, and afterwards turn the gullet inside out and examine it. And as to practice, one is to be stringent according to this reasoning, unless it is a time of pressing need or a great loss, for then one may rely upon the first reasoning. Hagah [Rema]: And the custom is widespread in these lands to declare a tereifah (an animal with a fatal defect) for every shehiyah, even the least amount at all, whether in a bird or in an animal (Mordechai and the Maharyu in the Laws of Slaughter), and one is not to depart from it. And if after the slaughter a rush or the like was found lying in the gullet or in the windpipe and was cut through along with it, it is a tereifah; for he must certainly have needed to pause a little in the cutting of that thing after he had cut the siman, and it is a shehiyah by the least amount at all, and a tereifah (Terumat haDeshen, siman 185).

Se’if 3ג׳

שָׁחַט מְעַט וְשָׁהָה מְעַט, וְחָזַר וְשָׁחַט מְעַט וְשָׁהָה מְעַט, אִם כְּשֶׁתִּצְטָרֵף כָּל הַשְּׁהִיּוֹת יֵשׁ שִׁעוּר שְׁהִיָּה, שְׁחִיטָתוֹ פְּסוּלָה. וּלְפִי הַמִּנְהָג בְּכָל עִנְיַן טְרֵפָה.

If he cut a little and paused a little, and went back and cut a little and paused a little — if, when all the pauses join together, there is the measure of a shehiyah, his slaughter is invalid. And according to the custom it is a tereifah in any case.