יורה דעה רכ״וYoreh De'ah 226

Se’if 1א׳

שְׁנַיִם שֶׁהֵם שֻׁתָּפִים בְּחָצֵר וְנָדְרוּ הֲנָאָה זֶה מִזֶּה, אִם יֵשׁ בּוֹ דִּין חֲלוּקָהּ חָל הַנֶּדֶר, וַאֲסוּרִין לִכָּנֵס בּוֹ עַד שֶׁיַּחְלְקוּ וְיִכָּנֵס כָּל אֶחָד בְּשֶׁלּוֹ. וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן אִם אֶחָד מֵהֶם הִדִּיר לְאֶחָד מִן הַשּׁוּק מִנְּכָסָיו, שֶׁאָסוּר לִכָּנֵס בּוֹ (ד"ע וּמַשְׁמָעוּת ר' יְרוּחָם). וְאִם אֵין בּוֹ דִּין חֲלוּקָהּ, לֹא חָל הַנֵּדֶר, וּמֻתָּרִין לִכָּנֵס בּוֹ, בֵּין אִם הִדִּירוּ זֶה אֶת זֶה אוֹ שֶׁהִדִּיר אֶחָד מֵהֶם לְאֶחָד מִן הַשּׁוּק מִנְּכָסָיו. וְדַוְקָא כְּשֶׁאוֹתוֹ מִן הַשּׁוּק שֶׁהוּא מֻדָּר נִכְנַס לְצֹרֶךְ הַשֻּׁתָּף, בֵּין שֶׁהוּא צָרִיךְ לַשֻּׁתָּף בֵּין שֶׁהַשֻּׁתָּף צָרִיךְ לוֹ, אֲבָל לִכָּנֵס בּוֹ שֶׁלֹּא לְצֹרֶךְ הַשֻּׁתָּף, אָסוּר. הַגָּה: וְכֵן הַדִּין בִּשְׁנַיִם שֶׁהָיָה לָהֶם יַחַד מָקוֹם בְּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, וְאָמַר אֶחָד לַחֲבֵרוֹ: חֶלְקֵי יְהֵא לְ ךָ הֶקְדֵּשׁ, דְּמֵאַחַר דְּקָאָמַר לְ ךָ הֶקְדֵּשׁ, וַדַּאי כַּוָּנָתוֹ לְאָסְרוֹ עָלָיו. אֲבָל אִם אָמַר: יְהֵא הֶקְדֵּשׁ, וְלֹא אָמַר: לְ ךָ, לֹא כִּוֵּן אֶלָּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה הֶקְדֵּשׁ לָעֲנִיִּים, וּמֻתָּר חֲבֵרוֹ לֵהָנוֹת וְלֵישֵׁב עָלֶיהָ (בֵּית יוֹסֵף סִימָן רכ"א בְּשֵׁם תְּשׁוּבַת רַשְׁבָּ"א). וְהוּא הַדִּין בְּכָל כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּזֶה. וְכֵן אִם הָיוּ שֻׁתָּפִין בְּדָבָר הַמִּטַּלְטֵל, אִם יֵשׁ בּוֹ דִּין חֲלוּקָה אֲסוּרִים בּוֹ. וְאִם אֵין בּוֹ דִּין חֲלוּקָה, מֻתָּרִין בּוֹ (טח"מ סִימָן ק"פ).

Two who are partners in a courtyard and vowed away benefit one from the other: if there is in it the law of division, the vow takes effect, and they are forbidden to enter it until they divide it and each one enters into what is his. And all the more so, if one of them imposed a vow upon one from the market from his property, that he is forbidden to enter it (his own opinion, and the implication of Rabbeinu Yerucham). And if there is in it no law of division, the vow does not take effect, and they are permitted to enter it, whether they imposed the vow one upon the other or one of them imposed a vow upon one from the market from his property. And this is specifically where that one from the market, who is under the vow, enters for the need of the partner, whether he needs the partner or the partner needs him; but to enter it not for the need of the partner is forbidden. Hagah [Rema]: And the same law applies in the case of two who had together a place in the synagogue, and one said to his fellow: my portion shall be hekdesh (property dedicated to sacred use) to you — since he said hekdesh to you, his intention is certainly to forbid it upon him. But if he said: it shall be hekdesh, and did not say: to you, he intended only that it should be hekdesh for the poor, and his fellow is permitted to have benefit and to sit upon it (Beit Yosef, siman 221, in the name of a responsum of the Rashba). And the same law applies in everything of this kind. And likewise if they were partners in a movable thing: if there is in it the law of division, they are forbidden in it; and if there is in it no law of division, they are permitted in it (Tur, Choshen Mishpat, siman 180).

Se’if 2ב׳

כְּשֶׁהִדִּירוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם זֶה אֶת זֶה, אֲסוּרִין לְהַעֲמִיד בּוֹ תַּנּוּר וְכִירַיִם וְרֵיחַיִם וְתַרְנְגוֹלִים. הָיָה אֶחָד מֵהֶם מֻדָּר הֲנָאָה מֵחֲבֵירוֹ, הוּא אָסוּר בְּהַעֲמָדַת תַּנּוּר וְכִירַיִם וְרֵיחַיִם וְתַרְנְגוֹלִים, וְאָסוּר לִכָּנֵס בּוֹ אִם יֵשׁ בּוֹ דִּין חֲלוּקָה, וַחֲבֵרוֹ מֻתָּר בַּכֹּל. וְהָיוּ כּוֹפִין אֶת הַנּוֹדֵר לִמְכֹּר חֶלְקוֹ אִם נֶאֱסַר בִּלְשׁוֹן חֲצֵרִי, שֶׁמֻּתָּר בּוֹ לְאַחַר שֶׁיִּמָּכֵר.

When both of them imposed the vow one upon the other, they are forbidden to set up in it an oven and a stove and a millstone and hens. If one of them was under a vow not to derive benefit from his fellow, he is forbidden in the setting up of an oven and a stove and a millstone and hens, and he is forbidden to enter it if there is in it the law of division; and his fellow is permitted in everything. And they would compel the one who vows to sell his portion, if it was forbidden in the expression "my courtyard", since he is permitted in it after it shall be sold.

Se’if 3ג׳

בַּעַל שֶׁאוֹסֵר הֲנָאָתוֹ עַל אֲחֵרִים, אֲסוּרִים לִכָּנֵס בְּנִכְסֵי מְלוֹג שֶׁל אִשְׁתּוֹ, וְאֵינוֹ דּוֹמֶה לְשֻׁתָּף שֶׁהִדִּיר אֶת אֶחָד מִן הַשּׁוּק.

A husband who forbids his benefit upon others — they are forbidden to enter the melog property of his wife (the property of hers whose fruits her husband eats), and it is not like a partner who imposed a vow upon one from the market.