יורה דעה רכ״דYoreh De'ah 224

Se’if 1א׳

רְאוּבֵן שֶׁאָמַר לְשִׁמְעוֹן: הֲרֵינִי עָלֶיךָ חֵרֶם, אוֹ הֲרֵי אַתָּה אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָתִי; רְאוּבֵן מֻתָּר בַּהֲנָאַת שִׁמְעוֹן, וְשִׁמְעוֹן אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאַת רְאוּבֵן. וְאִם אָמַר לְשִׁמְעוֹן: הֲרֵי אַתָּה עָלַי חֵרֶם, רְאוּבֵן אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאַת שִׁמְעוֹן, וְשִׁמְעוֹן מֻתָּר בַּהֲנָאַת רְאוּבֵן. הֲרֵינִי עָלֶיךָ חֵרֶם וְאַתָּה עָלַי, שְׁנֵיהֶם אֲסוּרִין לֵהָנוֹת זֶה מִזֶּה, וּמֻתָּרִים בִּדְבָרִים שֶׁהֵם בְּשֻׁתָּפוּת לְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל, כְּמוֹ הַר הַבַּיִת וְהָעֲזָרוֹת, וַאֲסוּרִין בִּדְבָרִים שֶׁהֵם בְּשֻׁתָּפוּת לִבְנֵי אוֹתָהּ הָעִיר, כְּמוֹ בֵּית הַכְּנֶסֶת וְהַתֵּבָה וְהַסְפָרִים. וּמַה תַּקָּנָתָם, שֶׁיַּקְנוּ חֶלְקָם שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶם בּוֹ לְאַחֵר, וְנִמְצָא שֶׁאֵין אֶחָד מֵהֶם נֶהֱנֶה מִשֶּׁל חֲבֵרוֹ. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁהֵם מֻתָּרִים בְּכָל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ דִּין חֲלוּקָה. הַגָּה: וּמִי שֶׁהִשְׁאִיל בֵּיתוֹ לְבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, יֵשׁ בְּתַקָּנַת ר' גֵּרְשׁוֹן שֶׁאֵינוֹ רַשַּׁאי לְאָסְרָהּ עַל א' מִבְּנֵי הַקָּהָל, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן יַאַסְרֶנָּה עַל כֻּלָּם (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם א"ח וְכָל בּוֹ סי' קי"ו).

Reuven who said to Shimon: behold I am cherem (the ban that gives a thing over to the priests or to the Sanctuary) upon you, or: behold you are forbidden in my benefit — Reuven is permitted in Shimon's benefit, and Shimon is forbidden in Reuven's benefit. And if he said to Shimon: behold you are cherem upon me — Reuven is forbidden in Shimon's benefit, and Shimon is permitted in Reuven's benefit. Behold I am cherem upon you and you upon me — both of them are forbidden to have benefit one from the other, and they are permitted in the things that are in partnership to all Israelites, such as the Temple Mount and the Temple courtyards; and they are forbidden in the things that are in partnership to the men of that city, such as the synagogue and the ark and the books. And what is their remedy? That they transfer title in the portion that they have in it to another, and it turns out that neither of them derives benefit from what is his fellow's. And there are those who say that they are permitted in everything in which there is no law of division. Hagah [Rema]: And one who lent his house for a synagogue — it is within the ordinance of Rabbeinu Gershom that he is not permitted to forbid it upon one of the men of the congregation, unless he forbid it upon all of them (Beit Yosef in the name of the Orchot Chayim and Kol Bo, siman 116).