יורה דעה ר״וYoreh De'ah 206

Se’if 1א׳

יָדוֹת (פֵּרוּשׁ יָדוֹת, שֶׁהִתְחִיל לִנְדֹּר וְלֹא גָּמַר הַדִּבּוּר, וְאַף עַל פִּי כֵן הוּא נֶאֱסָר כְּאִלּוּ נָדַר כָּל הַדִּבּוּר, כְּאָדָם שֶׁאוֹחֵז בְּיַד הַכְּלִי וְעַל יְדֵי כָּךְ מִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בַּכְּלִי כְּאִלּוּ אָחַז בּוֹ בְּעַצְמוֹ) נְדָרִים, כִּנְדָרִים; וְהוּא שֶׁיְּהוּ מוֹכִיחוֹת קְצָת עַל הַנֶּדֶר. כֵּיצַד, הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ: מֻדְּרַנִי מִמְּךָ שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל לְךָ, אוֹ: מֻפְרְשַׁנִי מִמְּךָ שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל לְךָ, אוֹ: מְרֻחֲקַנִי מִמְּךָ שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל לְךָ, אָסוּר לֶאֱכֹל עִמּוֹ. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דַּאֲפִילוּ אָמַר: שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹכֵל לְ ךָ, בְּאֵלּוּ לְשׁוֹנוֹת, אָסוּר לֶאֱכֹל עִמּוֹ (הר"ן בְּשֵׁם יֵשׁ גּוֹרְסִין ועס"ק ב'). אֲבָל אִם אוֹמֵר: שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל לְךָ, לְבַד בְּלֹא מֻדְּרַנִי מִמְּךָ, לֹא הָוֵי יָד. וְאִם אָמַר: מֻדְּרַנִי מִמְּךָ, אוֹ: מֻפְרְשַׁנִי מִמְּךָ, אוֹ: מְרֻחֲקַנִי מִמְּךָ, וְלֹא סִיֵּם דְּבָרָיו: שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל לְךָ; בְּמֻדְּרַנִי מִמְּךָ, אָסוּר לְדַבֵּר עִמּוֹ; וּבְמֻפְרְשַׁנִי מִמְּךָ, אָסוּר לָשֵׂאת וְלָתֵת עִמּוֹ; וּבִמְרֻחֲקַנִי מִמְּךָ, אָסוּר לַעֲמֹד בְּד' אַמּוֹתָיו.

Handles (that is, handles: that he began to vow and did not complete the utterance, and even so he is forbidden as though he had vowed the whole utterance, like a man who takes hold of the handle of a vessel and thereby uses the vessel as though he had taken hold of it itself) of vows are like vows; and that is where they give some indication of the vow. How so? One who says to his fellow: I am vowed away from you, that I shall not eat of yours, or: I am separated from you, that I shall not eat of yours, or: I am kept far from you, that I shall not eat of yours — he is forbidden to eat with him. And there are those who say that even if he said: that I shall eat of yours, in these expressions, he is forbidden to eat with him (the Ran in the name of those who have the reading so, and see se'if katan 2). But if he says: that I shall not eat of yours, alone, without: I am vowed away from you, it is not a handle. And if he said: I am vowed away from you, or: I am separated from you, or: I am kept far from you, and did not complete his words: that I shall not eat of yours — with: I am vowed away from you, he is forbidden to speak with him; and with: I am separated from you, he is forbidden to have dealings with him; and with: I am kept far from you, he is forbidden to stand within his four cubits.

Se’if 2ב׳

אָמַר לַחֲבֵרוֹ: מֻדָּר אֲנִי לְךָ מֵאֲכִילָה אוֹ מֵהֲנָאָה, שְׁנֵיהֶם אֲסוּרִים לֶאֱכֹל אוֹ לֵהָנוֹת זֶה מִזֶּה; אֲבָל אִם אָמַר: מֻדָּר אֲנִי מִמְּךָ מֵאֲכִילָה אוֹ מֵהֲנָאָה, הוּא אָסוּר בַּחֲבֵרוֹ וַחֲבֵרוֹ מֻתָּר בּוֹ.

He said to his fellow: I am vowed to you from eating or from benefit — both of them are forbidden to eat or to derive benefit one from the other; but if he said: I am vowed away from you from eating or from benefit, he is forbidden in respect of his fellow and his fellow is permitted in respect of him.

Se’if 3ג׳

אָמַר: מְנֻדֶּה אֲנִי לְךָ, אוֹ: מְשַׁמִּיתְנָא מִמְּךָ, אִם סִיֵּם דְּבָרָיו: שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל לְךָ, אֵינוֹ נֶדֶר וּמֻתָּר בַּכֹּל; וְאִם לֹא סִיֵּם דְּבָרָיו, אָסוּר לַעֲמֹד בְּד' אַמּוֹתָיו. אֲבָל אִם אָמַר: נָדֵינָא מִמְּךָ, וְסִיֵּם בִּדְבָרָיו: שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל לְךָ, אָסוּר לֶאֱכֹל עִמּוֹ; לֹא סִיֵּם דְּבָרָיו: שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל לְךָ, אָסוּר לֵהָנוֹת מִמֶּנּוּ. הַגָּה: וּכְבָר נִתְבָּאֵר דְּיֵשׁ חוֹלְקִין, וּסְבִירָא לְהוּ דְּכָל שֶׁלֹּא אָמַר שֶׁאֵינִי אוֹכֵל לְ ךָ אוֹ שֶׁאֲנִי אוֹכֵל לְ ךָ, לָאו כְּלוּם הוּא.

He said: I am banned to you, or: I am under the ban from you — if he completed his words: that I shall not eat of yours, it is not a vow and he is permitted in everything; and if he did not complete his words, he is forbidden to stand within his four cubits. But if he said: I am vowed from you, and completed in his words: that I shall not eat of yours, he is forbidden to eat with him; if he did not complete his words: that I shall not eat of yours, he is forbidden to derive benefit from him. Hagah [Rema]: And it has already been explained that there are those who disagree, and hold that so long as he did not say: that I shall not eat of yours, or: that I shall eat of yours, it is nothing.