יורה דעה קל״הYoreh De'ah 135

Siman 135 of 402 in Yoreh De'ah — 16 se'ifim

Se’if 1א׳

כֵּלִים שֶׁאֵין מַכְנִיסִין לְקִיּוּם, בֵּין שֶׁהֵם שֶׁל עוֹר, בֵּין שֶׁהֵם שֶׁל עֵץ וְשֶׁל זְכוּכִית וְשֶׁל אֶבֶן וְשֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, אִם אֵינָן מְזֻפָּתִין מְשַׁכְשְׁכָן הֵיטֵב בְּמַיִם, וּמֻתָּרִים, בֵּין שֶׁהָיָה תְּחִלַּת תַּשְׁמִישָׁן בְּיַד עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים, בֵּין בְּיַד יִשְׂרָאֵל. הָיוּ מְזֻפָּתִין וַחֲדָשִׁים, אִם דַּרְכָּן לָשׂוּם בָּהֶם יַיִן בִּשְׁעַת זְפִיתָה, וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן אִם הֵם יְשָׁנִים, שֶׁנִּתְיַּשְּׁנוּ בְּיַד עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים בְּתַשְׁמִישׁ יַיִן, קוֹלֵף אֶת הַזֶּפֶת וּמְשַׁכְשְׁכָן, וּמֻתָּרִים. לֹא רָצָה לִקְלֹף, מְמַלְּאָן וּמְעָרָן ג' יָמִים. וְהוּא הַדִּין לְכֵלִים שֶׁלָּנוּ שֶׁנָּגַע בָּהֶם הָעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים בְּעוֹד הַיַּיִן טוֹפֵחַ עֲלֵיהֶם. הַגָּה: יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דִּבְכֵלִים שֶׁלָּנוּ שֶׁהָיָה מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ עֲלֵיהֶם וְנָגַע בָּהֶן עוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים, אִם הֵם שֶׁל עֵץ וָאֶבֶן אוֹ מַתֶּכֶת וְשִׁכְשְׁכָן, אֲפִלּוּ הֵם זְפוּתִים וְעָבַר וְנָתַן בָּהֶם יַיִן, אֵין לֶאֱסֹר בְּדִיעֲבַד (טוּר בְּשֵׁם רַבֵּנוּ תָּם וּבַעַל הַתְּרוּמָה וְהָרֹא"שׁ). וּבְהֶפְסֵד מְרֻבֶּה יֵשׁ לְהָקֵל.

Vessels in which wine is not put to keep — whether they are of leather, or whether they are of wood, or of glass, or of stone, or of metal — if they are not pitched, he swills them well in water and they are permitted, whether the beginning of their use was in the hand of an idolater (oved kokhavim — the standing term for a gentile) or in the hand of an Israelite. If they were pitched and new, where it is their way to put wine in them at the time of the pitching — and all the more so if they are old, having grown old in the hand of an idolater in the use of wine — he pares off the pitch and swills them, and they are permitted. If he did not wish to pare, he fills them and pours them off for three days. And the same law applies to vessels of ours which the idolater touched while the wine was still moist upon them. Hagah [Rema]: There are those who say that with vessels of ours upon which liquid was moist and an idolater touched them, if they are of wood and stone or of metal and he swilled them — even if they are pitched, and he transgressed and put wine in them — it is not to be forbidden after the fact (Tur in the name of Rabbeinu Tam, and Ba'al haTerumah, and the Rosh). And in a case of great loss there is ground to be lenient.

Se’if 2ב׳

כְּלִי שֶׁנִּקַּב וּסְתָמוֹ בְּזֶפֶת אֵינוֹ נִדּוֹן כִּכְלִי מְזֻפָּף. וּלְפִי זֶה מַשְׁפֵּךְ שֶׁהוּא מְזֻפָּף מְעַט סְבִיב הַבַּרְזֶל, אֵין לוֹ דִּין כְּלִי מְזֻפָּף.

A vessel that was pierced and he stopped it up with pitch is not judged as a pitched vessel. And accordingly, a funnel that is a little pitched around the iron does not have the law of a pitched vessel.

Se’if 3ג׳

כְּלִי שֶׁהוּא שׁוֹעַ (פֵּרוּשׁ שֶׁהֶחְלִיקוֹ וְטָחוֹ) בְּשַׁעֲוָה, אֵין דִּינוֹ כִּמְזֻפָּף, דְּשַׁעֲוָה לֹא בָּלְעָה.

A vessel that is coated (that is, that he smoothed it and plastered it) with wax — its law is not as one that is pitched, for wax does not absorb.

Se’if 4ד׳

כְּלֵי חֶרֶס, אִם נִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶם הָעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים, כָּל זְמַן שֶׁלֹּא שָׂבְעוּ לִבְלֹעַ, צְרִיכִים מִלּוּי וְעֵרוּי אֲפִלּוּ אֵינָם זְפוּתִין. וּמֵאֵימָתַי שָׂבְעוּ, מִפַּעַם שְׁנִיָּה וְאֵילֵךְ. לְפִיכָךְ, אִם נִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶם הָעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים פַּעַם רִאשׁוֹנָה וּשְׁנִיָּה, צָרִיךְ מִלּוּי וְעֵרוּי. (טוּר) וְאִם נָתַן בָּהֶם מַיִם שְׁלשָׁה פְּעָמִים, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָתַן בָּהֶם יַיִן, וְנָגַע בּוֹ הָעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים, מֻתָּר בְּשִׁכְשׁוּךְ. אֲבָל אִם לֹא נָתַן בָּהֶם מַיִם אֶלָּא ב' פְּעָמִים, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָתַן בָּהֶם יַיִן וְנָגַע בּוֹ הָעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים, יֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁצָּרִיךְ עֵרוּי. וְאִם נָתַן בָּהֶם מַיִם פַּעַם אַחַת וְשָׁהוּ בָּהֶם שָׁעָה גְּדוֹלָה כְּמוֹ רְבִיעַ הַיּוֹם, הֲווּ בְּלוּעִים מִמַּיִם כְּמוֹ נָתַן בָּהֶם מַיִם שָׁלשׁ פְּעָמִים. וְאִם הֵם זְפוּתִים, צְרִיכִים לִקְלֹף הַזֶּפֶת אוֹ מִלּוּי וְעֵרוּי, אֲפִלּוּ בְּשֶׁלָּנוּ, שֶׁנָּגַע בָּהֶם הָעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים בְּעוֹד מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ עֲלֵיהֶם. ובְּדִיעֲבַד דִּינָן כִּכְלֵי אֶבֶן וְעֵץ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנִּתְבָּאֵר (כָּךְ מִפְרָשׁ הַבֵּית יוֹסֵף ל' הַטּוּר).

Earthenware vessels, if the idolater used them: so long as they have not become sated with absorbing, they require filling and pouring off, even if they are not pitched. And from when have they become sated? From the second time onward. Therefore, if the idolater used them a first and a second time, they require filling and pouring off. (Tur) And if he put water in them three times, and afterwards put wine in them and the idolater touched it, it is permitted by swilling. But if he put water in them only twice, and afterwards put wine in them and the idolater touched it, there are those who say that pouring off is required. And if he put water in them once and it stayed in them a long while, about a quarter of the day, they are accounted as having absorbed water like one who put water in them three times. And if they are pitched, they require the paring off of the pitch, or filling and pouring off, even with ours, which the idolater touched while liquid was still moist upon them. And after the fact their law is as that of vessels of stone and of wood, as has been explained (so the Beit Yosef explains the language of the Tur).

Se’if 5ה׳

כְּלֵי נֶתֶר וְהֵם הָעֲשׂוּיִם מִמַּחְפֹּרֶת שֶׁל צָרִיף (פי' קַרְקַע שֶׁחוֹפְרִין מִשָּׁם צְרִיף בְּלַעַ"ז אלו"ם וּבִלְשׁוֹן אַשְׁכְּנַ"ז בייס"א רַשִׁ"י) בּוֹלְעִים הַרְבֵּה בְּיוֹתֵר וְאֵין לָהֶם טָהֳרָה עוֹלָמִית אֲפִלּוּ בְּיִשּׁוּן י"ב חֹדֶשׁ, וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּאֵין מַכְנִיסִין (בָּהֶם) לְקִיּוּם, וְאֲפִלּוּ הָיָה תְּחִלַּת תַּשְׁמִישָׁן בְּיַד יִשְׂרָאֵל.

Vessels of natron, which are those made from a quarry of tzarif (that is, earth from which they dig tzarif; alum in the vernacular, and in the language of Ashkenaz, beisa — Rashi), absorb very much indeed, and they never have any cleansing, even by standing twelve months, and even where wine is not put in them to keep, and even where the beginning of their use was in the hand of an Israelite.

…and 11 more se'ifim in this siman.

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Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah — Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English rendered from the Hebrew for this app — The Gematria's own rendering program. A rendering of the words, not a ruling; practical halacha is learned with a rav