יורה דעה קכ״אYoreh De'ah 121

Siman 121 of 402 in Yoreh De'ah — 7 se'ifim

הלכות הכשר כליםThe Koshering of Implements· siman 121

Se’if 1א׳

הַלּוֹקֵחַ כֵּלִים יְשָׁנִים מִן הָעוֹבְדֵי כּוֹכָבִים, כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶן הָעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים כָּךְ הוּא הֶכְשְׁרָן. לְפִיכָךְ הַלּוֹקֵחַ כְּלֵי תַּשְׁמִישׁ יְשָׁנִים שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶם בְּצוֹנֵן, כְּגוֹן כּוֹסוֹת וּצְלוֹחִיּוֹת וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן, מְדִיחָן, וְצָרִיךְ לְשַׁפְשְׁפָן הֵיטֵב בְּמַיִם בִּשְׁעַת הֲדָחָה כְּדֵי לְהָסִיר וּלְמָרֵק הָאִסוּר שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּיהֶן, וְאַחַר כָּךְ שׁוֹטְפָן בְּמַיִם וּמַטְבִּילָן, וְהֵם מֻתָּרִין. הַגָּה: יֵשׁ מְקוֹמוֹת שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ הֶתֵּר לָשׂוּם יַיִן בְּכֵלִים שֶׁנִּסְרֵיהֶם מְדֻבָּקִים בְּחֵלֶב, מִשּׁוּם שֶׁטֶּבַע הַיַּיִן לִבְרֹחַ מִן הַחֵלֶב, וְהַחֵלֶב נִקְרָשׁ וְעוֹמֵד בְּעַצְמוֹ וְאֵינוֹ נוֹגֵעַ כְּלָל בַּיַּיִן (ריב"ש סִימָן קמ"ט).

One who takes old (ie used) vessels from one who worships idols [lit. stars] - the way in which the idol-worshipper used them, this is how he kashers them. Therefore, one who takes a used old vessel which was used for cold, such as cups and plates and others like that - he washes them and he must scrub them well in water at the time of washing in order to remove and polish the issur (forbidden matter) which is on them, and afterwards rinse them in water and dip them (in a mikvah). Rema: There are places where the custom is to permit placing wine in vessels (ie barrels) where the planks of wood are smeared with fat because the nature of wine is to separate itself from the fat, and the fat congeals and stands by itself and does not touch the wine at all (Ribash 149).

Se’if 2ב׳

לָקַח מֵהֶן כֵּלִים שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶם בְּחַמִּין, בֵּין שֶׁהֵם שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת אוֹ שֶׁל עֵץ אוֹ אֶבֶן, מַגְעִילָן וְאַחַר כָּךְ מַטְבִּילָן, אִם הֵם שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, וְהֵם מֻתָּרִים. וְאִם הִטְבִּילָן וְאַחַר כָּךְ הִגְעִילָן, מֻתָּרִים. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שֶׁצָּרִיךְ לַחֲזֹר וּלְהַטְבִּילָן. הַגָּה: דִּין כְּלֵי עֶצֶם עַיֵּן בְּהִלְכוֹת פֶּסַח סי' תנ"א. אֵין לְהַגְעִיל שׁוּם כְּלִי כָּל זְמַן שֶׁהוּא בֶּן יוֹמוֹ (טוּר). וְאֵין לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בְּמֵי הַגְעָלָה (אָרֹךְ). כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁצָּרִיךְ הַגְעָלָה לֹא מְהָנֵי אִם קִלְּפוּ לַכְּלִי בִּכְלֵי אֻמָּנוּת (ת"ה סי' ק"ל וּבְמָרְדְּכַי וְהַגָּהַת ש"ד). וְעַיֵּן לְעֵיל סִימָן ק"ח דִּין מַרְדֶּה שֶׁל אִסּוּר.

[He] took from them [the idol-worshipper] vessels which were used with heat, whether they were made of metal, wood or stone, he dunks them in boiling hot water and afterwards dips them in a mikveh (if they are made of metal) and then they are permitted. If you dipped them [ie metal vessels] in a mikveh [first] and then dunked them in boiling hot water - they are permitted. And there are those who say that they must be dipped in the mikvah again. GLOSS: This is also the rule regarding a vessel made of bones, see the laws of Passover 451. One should not dunk a vessel in boiling water when the vessel has been used within the past 24 hours (see the Tur) and one should not use the water from the boiling (Aruch). Every instance in which dunking in boiling water is required it doesn't help if you scrape them with a tool. And see above 108: The Law of a Bread Paddel which is Issur.

Se’if 3ג׳

דִּינֵי הַגְעָלָה וְלִבּוּן הֲלֹא הֵם כְּתוּבִים בְּהִלְכוֹת פֶּסַח.

The laws of [making kosher through] boiling and heating until it turns white are written in the Laws of Passover.

Se’if 4ד׳

מַחֲבַת שֶׁמְּטַגְּנִים בָּהּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלְּעִנְיַן חָמֵץ בְּפֶסַח דַּי לָהּ בְּהַגְעָלָה, לְעִנְיַן שְׁאָר אִסוּרִים צְרִיכָה לִבּוּן.

A pan which was fried in, even though with regards to chametz on Passover it is enough to dunk in boiling water, with regards to other forbidden matters we require whitening through fire.

Se’if 5ה׳

אִם הִגְעִיל כְּלִי הַצָּרִיךְ לִבּוּן, אָסוּר לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בּוֹ בְּחַמִּין אֲפִלּוּ שֶׁלֹּא עַל יְדֵי הָאֵשׁ. הַגָּה: אֲבָל מֻתָּר לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בּוֹ צוֹנֵן, אֲפִלּוּ לְכַתְּחִלָּה, עַל יְדֵי הֲדָחָה וְשִׁפְשׁוּף הֵיטֵב. וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן בִּכְלִי שֶׁצָּרִיךְ הַגְעָלָה. וְדַוְקָא בְּדֶרֶךְ עֲרַאי, כְּגוֹן שֶׁהוּא בְּבֵית הָעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים אוֹ בְּדִיעֲבַד, אֲבָל אִם רוֹצֶה לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בּוֹ בְּקֶבַע, יֵשׁ מַחְמִירִים וְאוֹמְרִים דַּאֲפִילוּ לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בּוֹ צוֹנֵן צָרִיךְ הַגְעָלָה אוֹ לִבּוּן, גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בּוֹ חַמִּין (מָרְדְּכַי וְרוֹקֵחַ). וְהָכֵי נוֹהֲגִין. וַאֲפִלּוּ כֵּלִים שֶׁתַּשְׁמִישָׁן בְּצוֹנֵן, אִם יֵשׁ לָחוּשׁ שֶׁחִמְּמוּ בּוֹ יַיִן, כְּגוֹן כְּלֵי כֶּסֶף, נוֹהֲגִין לְהַגְעִיל, וְאֵין לְשַׁנּוֹת (אָרֹךְ בְּשֵׁם ראבי"ה). וַאֲפִלּוּ תֵּבוֹת וְשֻׁלְחָנוֹת הַנִּקָּחִים מִן הָעוֹבֵד כּוֹכָבִים, נוֹהֲגִין לְהַגְעִיל שֶׁמָּא נִשְׁפְּכוּ עֲלֵיהֶם חַמִּין. וְדַוְקָא לְכַתְּחִלָּה, אֲבָל בְּדִיעֲבַד אֵין לָחוּשׁ לְכָל זֶה (שָׁם). וּכְלִי חֶרֶס שֶׁנִּשְׁתַּמְּשׁוּ בּוֹ בְּצוֹנֵן, מֵאַחַר דְּאִי אֶפְשָׁר בְּהַגְעָלָה, מִקְרֵי דִּיעֲבַד וְסָגֵי לֵיהּ בִּמְרִיקָה וּשְׁטִיפָה הֵיטֵב (שָׁם), וּמֻתָּר לִתֵּן בּוֹ אַחַר כָּךְ אֲפִלּוּ דְּבָרִים חֲרִיפִים כְּחֹמֶץ וְכַיּוֹצֵא בוֹ, וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן דְּבָרִים קָשִׁים כְּתַבְלִין וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן. וְעַיִּןִ לְעֵיל סִימָן צ"א.

If one dunks in boiling water a vessel which requires whitening by fire, the vessel may not be used with hot food even if it is not next to the fire. GLOSS: But it is permitted to use for cold food, even from the outset [without dunking in boiling water either], through washing and scrubbing well, and all the more so with regards to a vessel which requires dunking in boiling water. And this can only be done in temporary circumstances such as when he is in the house of an idol-worshipper or it is after the fact. But if he wants to use these vessels on a regular basis, there are some who are stringent and say that even to use it with cold, dunking in boiling water or whitening through heat is required. It is decreed lest once come to use it with hot, and this is our custom. And even vessels which were used for cold, if there is a concern that they were used to heat wine such as a vessel made of silver, our practice is to dunk in boiling water and it should not be changed. And even chests and tables which were acquired from idol-worshippers, it is our custom to dunk them in boiling water, for they may have spilled something hot on them, and this is specifically from the outset, but after the fact there is no need to worry about all of this. And an earthenware vessel which was used for cold, which is impossible to dunk in boiling water, we consider 'after the fact' and we say that it is enough to empty it and scrub it well, and it is permitted to place in it afterwards even sharp foods like vinegar and others like that. And all the more so hard things like spices and others like that, and see above 91.

…and 2 more se'ifim in this siman.

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Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah — Torat Emet 357 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0