Orach ChayimAll 1,704 simanim of the Shulchan Aruch open with Premium, from $2.60 a month.Become a premium member

The Shulchan Aruch · Orach Chayim

אורח חיים תרמ״טOrach Chayim 649

Siman 649 of 697 in Orach Chayim — 6 se'ifim

הלכות לולבLaws of the Four Species· siman 649

Se’if 1א׳

כָּל אַרְבָּעָה הַמִּינִים פְּסוּלִים בְּגָזוּל וּבְגָנוּב, בֵּין לִפְנֵי יֵאוּשׁ בֵּין לְאַחַר יֵאוּשׁ; אֲבָל גָּזוּל וּקְנָאוֹ בְּלֹא סִיּוּעַ הַמִּצְוָה, כְּגוֹן גָּזַל לוּלָב וְשִׁפָּהוּ, כָּשֵׁר, דְּקָנְיֵהּ בְּשִׁנּוּי מַעֲשֶׂה וּמִיהוּ לֹא יְבָרֵךְ עָלָיו; וְיֵשׁ מִי שֶׁאוֹמֵר דְּלֹא נִפְסַל גָּזוּל וְגָנוּב אֶלָּא לַגַּנָּב וְלַגַּזְלָן עַצְמוֹ, אֲבָל לַאֲחֵרִים כָּשֵׁר בִּשְׁאָר הַיָּמִים, חוּץ מִיּוֹם רִאשׁוֹן. הַגָּה: וּמִשּׁוּם זֶה יֵשׁ לִזָּהֵר שֶׁלֹּא יְקַצֵּץ הַיִּשְׂרָאֵל בְּעַצְמוֹ אֶחָד מֵאַרְבָּעָה מִינִים שֶׁבַּלּוּלָב לְצֹרֶךְ לוּלָבוֹ, דְּקַרְקַע אֵינָהּ נִגְזֶלֶת, וּסְתָם עַכּוּ"ם גּוֹזְלֵי קַרְקַע הֵם וְיָבֹא בִּגְזֵלָה לְיָדוֹ, אֶלָּא יִקְצְצֶנּוּ עַכּוּ"ם וְיִקְנֶה מֵהֶם (תְּשׁוּבַת הָרַשְׁבָּ"א סי' תתצ"ב הַגָּהוֹת אֲשֵׁרִ"י סוֹף פֶּרֶק לוּלָב הַגָּזוּל); וְאֵין חִלּוּק בָּזֶה בֵּין אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל אוֹ חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ (אוֹר זָרוּעַ); לוּלָב שֶׁאֲגָדוֹ כּוּתִי וַעֲשָׂאוֹ, כָּשֵׁר כְּמוֹ סֻכַּת כּוּתִי. (מָרְדְּכַי הַלּ' קְטַנּוֹת).

Things That Invalidate The Four Species, 6 Seifim: All of the four species are rendered invalid if they are obtained by theft or robbery, whether the owners have not yet given up hope of recovering or whether they have. However if one stole it and then established ownership of it by means other than doing the mitzvah, like one who stole a lulav and then improved it, it is valid, as he acquired it with this changing action. However, he should not bless on it. There is one who says that the object obtained by theft or robbery is only invalid for the thief or robber themselves, but is valid for others on days besides the first day. Rema: Because of this one should be careful not to have a Jew themselves trim one of the [trees of the] four species of the lulav to make a lulav, because land cannot be [acquired by a changing action after it was] stolen and the typical non-Jew steals land, meaning that the stolen object will end up in one's hands. Rather, have the non-Jew trim and buy it from him (responsa of the Rashb"a 852, Hagahot Ashiri end of ch. "Lulav haGazul"). There is no distinction in this regard between the Land of Israel and outside of the Land (Or Zarua). A lulav that was made and assembled by a non-Jew is valid, just like the sukkah of a non-Jew (Mordechai in Minor Halakhot).

Se’if 2ב׳

וְכֵן שָׁאוּל בְּיוֹם רִאשׁוֹן, מִשּׁוּם דְּבָעֵינָן לָכֶם (וַיִּקְרָא כג, מ) הַגָּה: וְהַמֻּדָּר הֲנָאָה מִלּוּלָב שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ אוֹ מִלּוּלָבוֹ שֶׁל עַצְמוֹ, אֵינוֹ יוֹצֵא בּוֹ בְּיוֹם א', דְּלֹא הָוֵי שֶׁלָּכֶם. (תְּשׁוּבַת רַשְׁבָּ"א סִימָן תשמ"ו וְתשמ"ז).

The same applies to a borrowed [lulav] on the first day, when we need it to be "yours." Rema: One who takes a vow not to benefit from his lulav or from another's lulav cannot fulfill his obligation with it on the first day, because it is not "theirs" (responsa of Rashb"a 746 and 747).

Se’if 3ג׳

וְכֵן שֶׁל עִיר הַנִּדַּחַת וְשֶׁל אֲשֵׁרָה שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, פָּסוּל; אֲבָל שֶׁל עַכּוּ"ם, לְכַתְּחִילָה לֹא יִטֹּל וְאִם נָטַל יָצָא מִיּוֹם רִאשׁוֹן וָאֵילָךְ, דְּלֹא בָּעֵינָן לָכֶם. (וַיִּקְרָא כג, מ). הַגָּה: וְדַוְקָא שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן לִזְכּוֹת בּוֹ, אֲבָל אִם נִתְכַּוֵּן לִזְכּוֹת בּוֹ הָוֵי לֵה שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל דְּאֵינוֹ יוֹצֵא בּוֹ; וְדַוְקָא קֹדֶם שֶׁנִּתְבַּטֵּל, אֲבָל אִם נִתְבַּטֵּל בְּיַד עַכּוּ"ם, אֲפִלּוּ מְכַוֵּן לִזְכּוֹת בּוֹ אַחַר כָּךְ, יָצָא בְּדִיעֲבַד (רַבֵּנוּ יְרוּחָם נ"ח ח"ג וְרַ"ן) וְעַיֵּן לְעֵיל סי' תקפ"ו.

Similarly, [a lulav] from a condemned city [due to idolatry] or one from an Ashera tree belonging to a Jew is invalid. However, one belonging to a non-Jew should not be taken initially, but if one took it on a day after the first day, they fulfilled their obligation, as we do not require it to be "yours." Rema: This is specifically when one does not intend to acquire it. But if one intends to acquire it, it is a Jew's, and the obligation is not fulfilled. This is specifically before it is nullified [of its idolatry], but if it was nullified by the non-Jew, even if one intends to acquire it afterward, the obligation is fulfilled, though not initially (Rabbeinu Yerucham 8:3 and Ra"n). See 586.

…and 1 more se'if in this siman.

Become a premium member

Or start free — a free account opens your first 5 gematria searches in full. Create free account

The daily learning is free on your account, every day.

Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim — Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0