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The Shulchan Aruch · Orach Chayim

אורח חיים תרמ״חOrach Chayim 648

Siman 648 of 697 in Orach Chayim — 22 se'ifim

הלכות לולבLaws of the Four Species· siman 648

Se’if 1א׳

אֶתְרוֹג הַיָּבֵשׁ, פָּסוּל; וְשִׁעוּר הַיַּבְשׁוּת, כְּשֶׁאֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא שׁוּם לֵחָה, וְיִבְדֹּק עַל יְדֵי שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר בּוֹ מַחַט וּבוֹ חוּט, וְאִם יֵשׁ בּוֹ לֵחָה יִרְאֶה בָּחוּט וְאֶתְרוֹג שֶׁהוּא מִשָּׁנָה שֶׁעָבְרָה, וַדַּאי יָבֵשׁ הוּא וּפָסוּל (תְּרוּמַת הַדֶּשֶׁן מַהֲרִי"ל סִימָן ה').

Things That Invalidate An Etrog, 22 Seifim: 1. A dried-out etrog is invalid. The criterion for dryness is not being able to find any moisture, which can be checked by putting a needle and thread through it. If there is moisture, it should be visible on the thread. [An etrog from the previous year is certainly dry and invalid (Responsa 5 of the Mahari"l)].

Se’if 2ב׳

אֶתְרוֹג שֶׁנִּקַּב נֶקֶב מְפֻלָּשׁ כָּל שֶׁהוּא, פָּסוּל; וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ מְפֻלָּשׁ, אִם הָיָה כְּאִיסָר, פָּסוּל; וְאִם חָסֵר כָּל שֶׁהוּא, פָּסוּל. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּגַם בְּנֶקֶב מְפֻלָּשׁ בָּעֵינָן חִסָרוֹן מַשֶּׁהוּ; וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ מְפֻלָּשׁ, בְּחִסָרוֹן כְּאִיסָר. הַגָּה: וְנָהֲגוּ לְהַכְשִׁיר הַנְּקָבִים שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ בָּאִילָן עַל יְדֵי קוֹצִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהֶם חִסָּרוֹן, שֶׁזֶּהוּ דֶּרֶךְ גְּדִילָתָן (תְּרוּמַת הַדֶּשֶׁן סי' צ"ט); מִיהוּ אִם רוֹאֶה שֶׁאֵין הָעוֹר וְהַבָּשָׂר קַיָּם תּוֹךְ הַנֶּקֶב, פָּסוּל לַסְּבָרָא הָרִאשׁוֹנָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְפֻלָּשׁ; וּבִשְׁעַת הַדַּחַק יֵשׁ לְהָקֵל כַּסְּבָרָא הָאַחֲרוֹנָה, לְהַכְשִׁיר חִסָּרוֹן שֶׁאֵינוֹ כְּאִיסָר וְאֵינוֹ נֶקֶב מְפֻלָּשׁ (דַּעַת עַצְמוֹ).

2. An etrog that has a puncture of any size that goes through its entirety is invalid. If it does not go through but is the size of an issar [coin], it is invalid. If it is missing any amount, it is invalid. Some say that with a puncture that goes through we require some to be missing and with one that does not go through we require it to be missing an issar's worth. RAMA: It is the practice to validate punctures that are made by thorns while on the tree even if there is some missing because this is how they grow (Trumat Hadeshen 99). However, if one sees that the skin and flesh don't remain in the puncture, it is invalid according to the first opinion even if it doesn't go straight through. In an emergency, one should be lenient according to the second opinion, allowing some to be missing if it is not the size of an issar and is not a piercing that goes through (his own opinion).

Se’if 3ג׳

מְפֻלָּשׁ, יֵשׁ מְפָרְשִׁים כִּפְשׁוּטוֹ, דְּהַיְנוּ שֶׁנִּקַּב מִצַּד זֶה לְצַד זֶה; וְיֵשׁ מְפָרְשִׁים שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁנִּקַּב עַד חַדְרֵי הַזֶּרַע שֶׁהַגַּרְעִינִים בְּתוֹכוֹ, מִקְרֵי מְפֻלָּשׁ.

3. Some interpret "going through" simply to mean that the piercing goes from one side to the other. Some say that once the piercing gets to the core that contains the seeds, it is considered through.

…and 17 more se'ifim in this siman.

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Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim — Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0