אורח חיים תק״פOrach Chayim 580

Se’if 1א׳

אֵלּוּ הַיָּמִים שֶׁאֵרְעוּ בָּהֶם צָרוֹת לַאֲבוֹתֵינוּ וְרָאוּי לְהִתְעַנּוֹת בָּהֶם; וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמִּקְּצָתָם בְּרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ, יֵשׁ מִי שֶׁאוֹמֵר שֶׁיִּתְעַנּוּ בּוֹ וְטוֹב שֶׁלֹּא לְהַשְׁלִים בְּרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ.

1. The Days on Which We Fast, 3 Seifim:These are the days when troubles occurred for our forefathers, and ‎‎ ‎‎it is worthy to fast on them. And even though some fall at the beginning of the month, there are those who say that we fast on them (and it is good not to complete a fast at the beginning of a month)‎‎.

Se’if 2ב׳

בְּאֶחָד בְּנִיסָן מֵתוּ בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן; בַּעֲשָׂרָה בּוֹ מֵתָה מִרְיָם וְנִסְתַּלֵּק הַבְּאֵר; בְּכ"ו בּוֹ מֵת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן נוּן, בַּעֲשָׂרָה בְּאִיָּר מֵת עֵלִי הַכֹּהֵן וּשְׁנֵי בָּנָיו, וְנִשְׁבָּה אֲרוֹן ה'; בְּכ"ח בּוֹ מֵת שְׁמוּאֵל הַנָּבִיא; בְּכ"ג בְּסִיוָן בָּטְלוּ הַבִּכּוּרִים מִלַּעֲלוֹת לִירוּשָׁלַיִם בִּימֵי יְרָבְעָם בֶּן נְבָט; בְּכ"ה בּוֹ נֶהֱרַג רשב"ג וְרַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל וְרַ' חֲנִינָא סְגַן הַכֹּהֲנִים; בכ"ז בּוֹ נִשְׂרַף רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בֶּן תְּרַדְיוֹן וְסֵפֶר תּוֹרָה עִמּוֹ; בְּאֶחָד בְּאָב מֵת אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן; בְּי"ח בּוֹ כָּבָה נֵר מַעֲרָבִי בִּימֵי אָחָז. בְּי"ז בֶּאֱלוּל מֵתוּ מוֹצִיאֵי דִּבַּת הָאָרֶץ; בְּה' בְּתִשְׁרֵי מֵתוּ עֶשְׂרִים אִישׁ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל וְנֶחְבַּשׁ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא; בְּז' בּוֹ נִגְזְרָה גְּזֵרָה עַל אַבוֹתֵינוּ שֶׁיָּמוּתוּ בַּחֶרֶב וּבָרָעָב וּבַדֶּבֶר, מִפְּנֵי מַעֲשֵׂה הָעֵגֶל; בְּז' בְּמַרְחֶשְׁוָן עִוְּרוּ עֵינַי צִדְקִיָּהוּ וְשָׁחֲטוּ בָּנָיו לְעֵינָיו; בְּכ"ח בְּכִסְלֵו שָׂרַף יְהוֹיָקִים הַמְּגִלָּה שֶׁכָּתַב בָּרוּךְ מִפִּי יִרְמְיָהוּ; בִּשְׁמוֹנָה בְּטֵבֵת נִכְתְּבָה הַתּוֹרָה יְוָנִית בִּימֵי תַּלְמַי הַמֶּלֶךְ וְהָיָה חֹשֶׁךְ בָּעוֹלָם שְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים; וּבְט' בּוֹ לֹא נוֹדַע אֵיזוֹ הִיא הַצָּרָה שֶׁאֵרַע בּוֹ; בְּה' בִּשְׁבָט מֵתוּ הַזְּקֵנִים שֶׁהָיוּ בִּימֵי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ; בְּכ"ג בּוֹ נִתְקַבְּצוּ כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל עַל שְׁבָט בִּנְיָמִין עַל עִנְיַן פִּלֶגֶשׁ בַּגִּבְעָה; בְּז' בַּאֲדָר מֵת מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ ע"ה; בְּט' בּוֹ נֶחְלְקוּ בֵּית שַׁמַּאי וּבֵית הִלֵּל.

2. On the first on Nisan, the sons of Aaron died. On the tenth of it Miriam died and her well disappeared. On the twenty-sixth of it Joshua ben Nun died. On the tenth of Iyyar, Eli the priest and two of his sons and the ark of God was captured. On the twenty sixth of it Samuel the prophet died. On the twenty-third of Sivan the offering of the first fruits in Jeruslem was cancelled during the days of Jereboam ben Nebat. On the twenty-fifth of it Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel and Rabbi Yishmael and Rabbi Hanina Deputy High Priest were killed. On the twenty-seventh of it Rabbi Hanina ben Teradion was burned to death and a Torah scroll with him. On the first of Av, Aaron the priest died. On the eighteenth of it, the eastern light was extinguished during the days of Ahaz. On the seventeenth of Elul those who slandered the land died. On the fifth of Tishri, twenty men of Israel were killed and Rabbi Akiba was imprisoned. On the seventh of it a decree was decreed against our ancestors that died by sword, hunger and plague because of the incident of the golden calf. On the seventh of Mar-Cheshvan, they blinded the eyes of Zedekiah and slaughtered his sons before his eyes. On the twenty-eighth of Kislev Jehoiakim burned the scroll that Baruch wrote dictated by Jeremiah. On the eighth of Tevet the Torah was written in Greek during the days of King Ptolemy and darkness was in the world for three days. On the ninth of it, it was not known who caused the trouble that happened on it. On the fifth of Shevat the elders who were in the days of Joshua died. On the twenty-third of it all of Israel gathered against the tribe of Benjamin on account of the concubine in Gibeah. On the seventh of Adar Moses, our Teacher, may peace be upon him, died. On the ninth of it Beit Hillel and Beit Shammai divided.

Se’if 3ג׳

יֵשׁ מִי שֶׁאוֹמֵר שֶׁגָּזְרוּ שֶׁיִּהְיוּ מִתְעַנִּין בְּכָל שֵׁנִי וַחֲמִישִׁי עַל חֻרְבַּן הַבַּיִת, וְעַל הַתּוֹרָה שֶׁנִּשְׂרְפָה, וְעַל חִלּוּל הַשֵּׁם; וְלֶעָתִיד לָבוֹא יַהַפְכֵם ה' לְשָׂשׂוֹן וּלְשִׂמְחָה.

3. There are those that say that there is a decree to fast on every Monday and Thursday regarding the destruction of the Beis HaMikdash and on the Torah that was burned, and on the desecration of the Name, and in the future, Hashem will change these (days) into joy and happiness.