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The Shulchan Aruch · Orach Chayim

אורח חיים של״וOrach Chayim 336

Siman 336 of 697 in Orach Chayim — 13 se'ifim

הלכות שבתLaws of Shabbat· siman 336

Se’if 1א׳

אֵין עוֹלִים בְּאִילָן, בֵּין לַח בֵּין יָבֵשׁ, וְאֵין נִתְלִים בּוֹ וִאֵין מִשְׁתַּמְּשִׁין בִּמְחֻבָּר לַקַּרְקַע כְּלָל, גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא יַעֲלֶה וְיִתְלֹשׁ. עָלָה בְּאִילָן בְּשַׁבָּת, בְּשׁוֹגֵג מֻתָּר לִירֵד; בְּמֵזִיד, אָסוּר לִירֵד. וְאִם עָלָה מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם, בְּכָל גַּוְנֵי מֻתָּר לִירֵד מִשֶּׁחָשְׁכָה. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים דְּהָנֵי מִלֵּי כְּשֶׁהָיָה דַּעְתּוֹ לִירֵד מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם, אֲבָל לֹא הָיָה דַּעְתּוֹ לִירֵד מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם לֹא יֵרֵד מִשֶּׁחָשְׁכָה, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהָיָה דַּעְתּוֹ לִישֵׁב שָׁם בְּאִסוּר. הַגָּה: וְדַוְקָא אָדָם שֶׁעָלָה שָׁם, אֲבָל אִם הִנִּיחַ שָׁם חֵפֶץ מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם אָסוּר לִטְּלוֹ מִשָּׁם בְּשַׁבָּת (הַמַּגִּיד פֶּרֶק כ"א). וְכָל זֶה בְּאִילָן וְכַיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ, אֲבָל קָנִים הָרַכִּים כְּיָרָק, מֻתָּר לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶם אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּחֻבָּרִים בַּקַּרְקַע, דְּאֵין אִסּוּר לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בַּיָּרָק (הַגָּהוֹת אֲשֵׁרִי פֶּרֶק בַּכֹּל מְעָרְבִין בְּשֵׁם אוֹר זָרוּעַ וּבֵית יוֹסֵף).

If It Is Permissible to Walk on Grass or Climb a Tree, 13 Seifim: We do not climb a tree, whether it is wet or dry, nor do we hang from it, nor do we use anything attached to the ground. This is a rabbinic decree lest one come to climb the tree and pick something from it. If someone climbed a tree on Shabbat by mistake, he is permitted to descend. If he did it on purpose, he is not allowed to descend. If he climbed the tree when it was still day on Friday, he is always allowed to descend after it gets dark. There are some who say that this only applies when it was his intention to descend while it was still day, but if it was not his intention to descend while it was still day, he should not descend when it gets dark, as he intended to sit in a forbidden place. Rema: This only applies to a person who ascended the tree, but if he left an object there while it is still day, it is forbidden for him to remove it from there on Shabbat (Magaid Chapter 21). All of this applies to a tree or the like, but one is permitted to use reeds that are soft like an herb, even if they are connected to the ground, because there is no prohibition against using herbs (Hagahot Oshr"i Perk Bechol Me'arvin in the name of the Or Zarua and Beit Yosef).

Se’if 2ב׳

שָׁרְשֵׁי אִילָן הַגְּבוֹהִים מִן הָאָרֶץ ג' טְפָחִים, אָסוּר לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶם; פָּחוֹת מִכָּאן, מֻתָּר לְהִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ בָּהֶם דִּכְקַרְקַע חֲשִׁיבֵי. וְאִם בָּאִים מִלְּמַעְלָה וְיוֹרְדִים לְמַטָּה בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁגְּבוֹהִים שְׁלֹשָׁה, אֲסוּרִים; וּבְמָקוֹם שֶׁאֵין גְּבוֹהִים שְׁלֹשָׁה, מֻתָּרִים. הָיוּ גְּבוֹהִים שְׁלֹשָׁה וְחָלָל תַּחְתֵּיהֶם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמִּצַּד אֶחָד אֵין חָלָל תַּחְתֵּיהֶם וַהֲרֵי הֵן שָׁוִים לָאָרֶץ, אָסוּר לִישֵׁב אֲפִלּוּ עַל צַד הַשָּׁוֶה לָאָרֶץ.

If a tree's roots are three tefachim above the ground, it is forbidden to use them. If they are less than that height, one is permitted to use them, because they are considered as if they were ground. If they slope downwards, they are forbidden where they are taller than three and permitted where they are shorter than three. If they are three [tefachim] tall with empty space below them, even though on one side of them there isn't empty space and they are level with the ground, it is forbidden to sit even on the side that is level with the ground.

Se’if 3ג׳

מֻתָּר לֵילֵךְ עַל גַּבֵּי עֲשָׂבִים, בֵּין לַחִים בֵּין יְבֵשִׁים, כֵּיוָן שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתְכַּוֵּן לִתְלֹשׁ. אֲבָל הָאוֹכְלִים בְּגִנּוֹת, אֲסוּרִים לִטֹּל יְדֵיהֶם עַל הָעֲשָׂבִים שֶׁמַּשְׁקִים אוֹתָם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָם מְכַוְּנִים, פָּסִיק רֵישֵׁיהּ הוּא; אֲבָל מֻתָּר לְהָטִיל בָּהֶם מֵי רַגְלַיִם אוֹ שְׁאָר מַשְׁקִין שֶׁאֵינָם מַצְמִיחִין. הַגָּה: וְלָכֵן טוֹב לְהַחְמִיר שֶׁלֹּא לֶאֱכֹל בְּגִנּוֹת, אִם יִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ שָׁם עִם מַיִם, דִּבְקֹשִׁי יֵשׁ לִזָּהֵר שֶׁלֹּא יִפְּלוּ שָׁם מַיִם (בֵּית יוֹסֵף בְּשֵׁם סֵפֶר הַתְּרוּמָה).

One is permitted to walk on grass, whether it is dry or wet, because he does not intend to uproot it. However, those who eat in the garden are forbidden to wash their hands over the garden, because they water the plants. Even though this is not their intention, it is an unavoidable consequence ("psik reisha") of their action. However, it is permitted to urinate on them or to dispense other liquids that do not make the plants grow. Rema: Therefore, it is a good idea to be stringent and to not eat in a garden if one is using water, because it is difficult to be careful not to spill some water there (Beit Yosef in the name of Sefer HaTrumah).

…and 8 more se'ifim in this siman.

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Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim — Torat Emet 363 edition, via Sefaria — public domain

English: Sefaria Community Translation — CC0